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Annual university rankings produced by mainstream sources, such as U.S. News and World Report, are very popular and viewed as important by a variety of university stakeholders. Consequently, universities expend a great deal of effort in an attempt to ensure they appear in the best possible light. One major component of these ranking systems is the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, which is partly based on the research expenditures reported by the university. This system provides incentives for administrators at institutions of higher education to make strategic accounting choices, with respect to the classification of research expenditures, to improve the prestige of the university. I first measure the amount of accounting discretion within a university's classification of research expenditures and then test whether discretionary research expenditures impact the prestige of a university. Results indicate that discretionary research expenditures are positively associated with university prestige. Specifically, universities within my sample that have positive discretionary research expenditures have an increased probability of subsequently being classified as a Doctoral University with moderate to high research activity by 5% and 7% respectively. In addition, universities within my sample that had positive discretionary research expenditures experienced increases in their ranking of federal funding received relative to other universities by an average of 20.4 positions. These results are consistent with the concept that universities can make certain discretionary accounting choices which can help improve the prestige of the institution with the goal of obtaining additional sources of funding. / Ph. D.

Measuring long-term effects of education has been an obvious concern for both educators and researchers. There has been a considerable body of research on effects of education on cognitive skills, prestige of occupation, self-concept, and locus of control. However, there are some limitations to previous studies, either because of short-term perspectives or because of lack of controls for earlier measures of intelligence, self-concept, or locus of control. This study served to estimate models of the enduring effects of education on cognitive skills and its subsequent effect on prestige of occupation. In addition, the study estimated models of long-term effects of education on affective behaviors of self-concept and locus of control. Since this was a longitudinal study, it was able to examine enduring effects of education. It had the additional strength of controlling for earlier measures of intelligence, self-concept, and locus of control. This study showed that the long-term enduring effect of education on occupational achievement was substantial. In addition, education increased cognitive skills. However, with a longer-term perspective including a prior measure of aptitude, the effect was much less than those reported in previous studies. As far as affective behaviors of self-concept and locus of control were concerned, the enduring effects of education were nearly nonexistent. / Ph. D.

Zugl.: Sankt Gallen, Univ., Diss., 2008

Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

蔡囯萱. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會學學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 77-79. / 中英文摘要. / Cai Guoxuan. / 序言 --- p.2 / Chapter 第一章 --- 改革与国家行政权力分散化 ´ؤ´ؤ现阶段分层秩序变化的社会经济背景 --- p.10 / Chapter 第一节 --- 制度的变迁 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二节 --- 社会的分化 --- p.17 / Chapter 第三节 --- 国家主导市场的社会 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二章 --- 理论的回顾与研究的主题 / Chapter 第一节 --- 权力：社会主义社会分层的核心 --- p.29 / Chapter 第二节 --- 社会主义改革：权力支配类型分解 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三节 --- 过渡时期的分层秩序 --- p.37 / Chapter 第三章 --- 职业框架内的地位评价 / Chapter 第一节 --- 职业参数的选择 --- p.43 / Chapter 第二节 --- 职业的地位等级 --- p.47 / Chapter 第四章 --- 行业框架内的地位评价 / Chapter 第一节 --- 行业参数的选择 --- p.61 / Chapter 第二节 --- 行业的地位等级 --- p.64 / Chapter 第五章 --- 结束语 --- p.74 / Chapter 附： --- 参考文献 / 问卷 / 鸣谢

Les jeunes, et en particulier ceux qui sont marginalisés, investissent un temps et une énergie considérable dans la construction de leur statut et de leur estime auprès de leurs pairs, ainsi que dans la société plus large. Cette thèse explore les pratiques sociales par lesquelles des jeunes Français noirs, d’origine africaine et antillaise, construisent leur identité ethnique, raciale et genrée, tout en gagnant et négociant leur pouvoir et leur prestige. Examinant la culture populaire noire dans des contextes publics, privés et « virtuels », cette thèse se concentre sur les sociabilités musicales de la scène afro, telles qu’elles émergent dans des boîtes de nuit, des maisons de jeunes, des centres commerciaux, des sites de réseaux sociaux, des maisons et des rues de la région parisienne. Les pratiques sociales et les formes d’interaction de ces jeunes attestent non seulement de leur adaptabilité et leur ingéniosité, mais de leur capacité à se voir du point de vue d’un autre. Cette compétence interpersonnelle sophistiquée est illustrée dans leur habilité à puiser dans, et à alterner entre, une multiplicité des ressources culturelles et de styles comportementaux. C’est au moyen de pratiques sociales telles que le bluff, la frime et le commérage que les jeunes Noirs, tentant de concilier leurs ambitions individuelles avec les contraintes d’une vie relationnelle particulièrement intense, acquièrent et négocient leur statut social. / This dissertation investigates the social practices whereby French young people of African and Caribbean background, both construct distinctive ethnic, racial and gendered identities, and acquire and negotiate power and prestige, in a context of unacknowledged structural racism. These young people often invest considerable time and energy in building status and esteem for themselves, among their peers and in society at large. Examining contemporary Black popular culture in public, private, and “virtual” settings, this dissertation focuses on the musical sociabilities of the afro scene, as they emerge in nightclubs, youth clubs, shopping malls, social media sites, homes and streets in the Paris region. The social practices and patterns of interaction of these young people attest not only to their versatility and ingenuity, but more importantly, to their ability to see themselves from another’s point of view. This refined interpersonal competence is made manifest through their capacity to draw from, and switch between, a multiplicity of cultural resources and behavioral styles. It is by means of social practices such as bluffing, flaunting or gossiping that young Black people, aiming to reconcile their individual ambitions with the constraints of a particularly intense relational life, acquire and negotiate personal standing.

Cette thèse explore, selon une perspective intermédiale, le rapport entre les phénomènes de remédiation et le problème de la disparition à partir d’œuvres littéraires et filmique : Un cabinet d’amateur de Georges Perec (1979), Dora Bruder de Patrick Modiano (1997) et The Prestige, réalisé par Christopher Nolan (2006). Partant du postulat qu’il existe un lien signifiant entre l’hétérogénéité énonciative des œuvres étudiées – qui convoquent différents genres, modes d’expression et médialités – et le motif de la disparition qui s’y dessine, nous posons l’hypothèse que les œuvres produisent un métadiscours traduisant le fonctionnement d’un régime d’interaction particulier que la disparition aurait la possibilité d’induire : l’hypermédiateté. En tant que contrepoint de l’immédiateté, l’hypermédiateté qualifie ce régime où les seules relations possibles ont lieu par et dans la médiation, à la manière de ce qui se joue dans les œuvres du corpus témoin. La particularité de cette approche est de considérer la disparition comme ayant une valeur productive indissociable des valeurs négatives d’absence, de retrait ou d’effacement auxquelles elle est plus généralement rattachée. La première partie pose les bases conceptuelles du projet en revisitant les théories des médias à l’aune du tournant performatif qui détermine la période « postmédiatique » de l’intermédialité. Est alors explicité en quoi il est possible de concevoir les particularités formelles des œuvres du corpus comme informant une poétique de la remédiation. La deuxième partie s’appuie sur ce cadre conceptuel pour conjuguer le problème de la disparition à celui de la remédiation, et ce, dans le but d’articuler une définition de l’hypermédiateté. Finalement, des analyses en diptyques orientées autour des concepts d’authenticité, de survivance et d’institution composent la dernière section. Le corpus témoin participe d’abord à l’édification du cadre conceptuel, contribue ensuite à problématiser l’idée de disparition et permet en dernier lieu les articulations et approfondissements qui émergent des analyses. Trois buts sont ainsi poursuivis. La visée méthodologique, d’abord, est celle de diriger notre attention vers les actions et processus plutôt que vers les objets (ce qui favorise une pensée de la médiation au détriment de celle, plus figée, du média). Le but théorique consiste à revisiter les théories intermédiales dans le contexte épistémologique actuel pour produire un discours inédit sur le phénomène formel en tentant de dépasser les logiques de l’imitation, du transfert et de la représentation. Finalement, l’objectif général est de concevoir, à partir du motif de la disparition, le rôle de la médiation dans les processus dynamiques de singularisation des objets du monde, et ce, hors du paradigme de la représentation. / This thesis will explore, with an intermedial perspective, the relation between processes of remediation and the issue of disparition drawing on three literary and filmic works: Un cabinet d’amateur by Georges Perec (1979), Dora Bruder by Patrick Modiano (1997) and The Prestige, directed by Christopher Nolan (2006). Based on the premise of the existence of a meaningful connection between the heterogeneity of the examined works’ structure of enunciation – convening different genres, forms of expression and medialities – and the pattern of disparition they delineate, the hypothesis we propose is that these works give rise to a metadiscourse inferring a particular mode of interaction induced by disparition: hypermediacy. Conceived as immediacy’s counterpoint, hypermediacy refers to a mode in which the only possible relations occur through mediation, as played out in the works of the sample corpus. The distinctive feature of this approach lies in the interpretation of disparition as possessing a productive aspect, indissociable from the negative aspects of absence, withdrawal or obliteration, to which it is more commonly associated with. The first part establishes the project’s conceptual bases, revitalizing media theories in the light of the performative turn, which launched the post-mediatic period of intermediality. From there is explicated in which ways the corpus’ formal properties can be considered as informing a poetics of remediation. The second part builds on this conceptual framework to conjugate the problem of disparition with that of remediation in order to articulate a potent definition of hypermediacy. Finally, the last section presents three diptych analyses oriented around the concepts of authenticity, Nachleben and institution. The sample corpus primarily contributes to the enlightenment of the conceptual framework along with problematizing the idea of disparition. Lastly, it allows in depth articulations to emanate from the analysis. Three goals are thereby pursued. Firstly, the methodological goal is to direct our attention towards actions and processes rather than objects, favoring an idea of mediation over the more static perspective of media. Secondly, the theoretical goal consists of revising theories of intermediality in the current epistemological context to create an original discourse on the formal phenomenon, with efforts to overcome the logics of imitation, transfer and representation. At last, the general objective is to produce a discourse about the way mediation participates to the dynamic processes of singularization applied to people and objects. Disparition is the prisma through which these processes are conceived in a manner that is contrapuntal to the representational paradigm.