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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Unlocking Implementation in Primary Healthcare: The Family Check-Up as an Example

Polaha, Jodi, Smith, J. D., Schetzina, Karen, Smith, S. C. 15 October 2015 (has links)
No description available.
32

Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta hälsofrämjande i primärvården : en beskrivande litteraturstudie

Birgersson, Felicia, Melin, Tilda January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: Ett globalt mål för främjad folkhälsa är att stödja människans individuella beteendeförändringar för att minska ohälsosamma beteenden. Levnadsvanorna i Sverige idag bidrar till ökad risk för många av de sjukdomar som orsakar mest sjukdomsbörda. Den nya tidens folkhälsoarbete har blivit mer inriktat på livsstilsrelaterade sjukdomar, vilket kräver en förståelse för hur livsstil och levnadsförhållande inverkar på individens hälsa. Visionen för det hälsofrämjandet arbetet i primärvården är att huvudsakligen arbeta förebyggande framför behandlande av ohälsa. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta hälsofrämjande i primärvården. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie där data samlades in från tio artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Databassökningen utfördes i MedLine via PubMed. Aveyards tematiska analysmetod användes för att analysera data. Huvudresultat: Tre teman identifierades utifrån deinkluderade artiklarnas resultat: Sjuksköterskors ansvar, Patientmötet och Hälsofrämjande hinder. Sjuksköterskorna ansåg att hälsofrämjande arbete ingick i deras ansvar men att det inte alltid kunde prioriteras i primärvården. Att informera och utbilda patienter var en viktig del i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Ett hinder i det hälsofrämjande arbetet var de varierade sjukdomstillstånden de kunde möta hos patienterna, eftersom det krävde att sjuksköterskorna besatt en tillräcklig bred kompetens. Andra hinderkunde vara bristen på resurser, sjuksköterskornas relation till husläkarna och sjuksköterskornas egna värderingar. Slutsats: Det hälsofrämjande arbetet ansågs vara en viktig del i sjuksköterskornas yrkesroll i primärvården men det fanns hinder som orsakade att det hälsofrämjande arbetet inte alltid kunde prioriteras. Resultatet tyder på att ett förbättringsarbete bör ske för att utveckla sjuksköterskornas hälsofrämjandemetoder samt stärka primärvårdens resurser. / Background: A global goal for public health promotion is to support individual human behavior changes to reduce unhealthy behaviors. The lifestyle habits we live with in Sweden today contribute to an increased risk of many of the diseases that cause the greatest burden of disease. The public health work of the new era has become more focused on lifestyle-related diseases, a focus which requires an understanding of how lifestyle and living conditions affect the individual's health. The vision for health promotion work in primary care is to prioritise preventive measures above treatment of various conditions. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of health promoting work in primary healthcare. Method: A descriptive literature study where data was collected from ten articles with a qualitative approach. The database search was performed in MedLine via PubMed. Aveyard's thematic analysis method is used to analyze the data. Main results: Three themes were identified based on the results of the included articles: The nurse’s responsibility, Patient encounter and Health promotion obstacles. The nurses considered health promotion work to be part of their responsibility but communicated that it could not always be prioritised in primary care. Informing and educating patients was an important part of the health promotion work. An obstacle in the health promotion work was the variations of pathological conditions, as it required the nurses to possess a sufficiently broad competence. Other obstacles could be the lack of resources, the nurses' relationship towards the GPs and the nurses' own values. Conclusion: The health promotion work was considered an important part of the nurses' professional role in primary care, but there were obstacles which caused the health promotion work to not always be prioritized. The result indicates that improvement should focus on developing the nurse's health-promoting methods and strengthen resources within primary care.
33

Status of primary and secondary mental healthcare of people with severe mental illness: an epidemiological study from the UK PARTNERS2 programme

Reilly, Siobhan T., McCabe, C., Marchevsky, N., Green, M., Davies, L., Ives, N., Plappert, H., Allard, J., Rawcliffe, T., Gibson, J., Clark, M., Pinfold, V., Gask, L., Huxley, P., Byng, R., Birchwood, M. 29 July 2021 (has links)
Yes / There is global interest in the reconfiguration of community mental health services, including primary care, to improve clinical and cost effectiveness. This study seeks to describe patterns of service use, continuity of care, health risks, physical healthcare monitoring and the balance between primary and secondary mental healthcare for people with severe mental illness in receipt of secondary mental healthcare in the UK. We conducted an epidemiological medical records review in three UK sites. We identified 297 cases randomly selected from the three participating mental health services. Data were manually extracted from electronic patient medical records from both secondary and primary care, for a 2-year period (2012-2014). Continuous data were summarised by mean and s.d. or median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical data were summarised as percentages. The majority of care was from secondary care practitioners: of the 18 210 direct contacts recorded, 76% were from secondary care (median, 36.5; IQR, 14-68) and 24% were from primary care (median, 10; IQR, 5-20). There was evidence of poor longitudinal continuity: in primary care, 31% of people had poor longitudinal continuity (Modified Modified Continuity Index ≤0.5), and 43% had a single named care coordinator in secondary care services over the 2 years. The study indicates scope for improvement in supporting mental health service delivery in primary care. Greater knowledge of how care is organised presents an opportunity to ensure some rebalancing of the care that all people with severe mental illness receive, when they need it. A future publication will examine differences between the three sites that participated in this study. / This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research programme (grant reference no. RP-PG-0611-20004). Professors Siobhan Reilly, Richard Byng and Max Birchwood are partially supported by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) for North West Coast, Care South West Peninsula and West Midlands, respectively.
34

Client satisfaction with regard to accessibility of primary healthcare services in Molemole Municipality of Limpopo Province

Rapakwana, Ngwako Johannah 30 June 2004 (has links)
In a descriptive survey, the accessibility of primary healthcare services in Molemole was explored and factors impacting on accessibility were identified. The research sample consisted of 134 community members who visited one of five clinics (one a mobile clinic) in Molemole. Questionnaires, information lists, observations and field notes were used as research instruments. Ethical principles were adhered to, and validity and reliability maintained. Findings indicated that geographical, financial and cultural accessibility were satisfactory. Functional accessibility seemed problematic. The main reasons for dissatisfaction were attitudes, shortages of staff, unavailability of treatment, dysfunctional hours and fragmented services. Recommendations included optimal utilisation of staff and resources, improvements on infrastructure and support systems, community involvement in decision-making, as well as reassessing service point locations and policies on medications, supplies and equipment. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)
35

MediYoga som metod för ökat välbefinnande? : Självskattad stress och upplevd symptomförändring 5-12 månader efter avslutad kurs i MediYoga

Nylund, Johanna January 2016 (has links)
Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate to which extent people exercise MediYoga after completed course, if any symptoms change had occurred, and investigate the level of self-rated stress.  Method A quantitative method was used and the data was collected through an online survey. The sample included people who had completed a course in MediYoga within primary healthcare some time during 2015. The survey contained a validate questionnaire (SEQ-LT) to investigate self-rated stress during leisure time the past week, as well as a number of questions specific for this study. The survey was distributed to 123 people and 56 responded. Result The majority of people participating (n=30, 65 %) had not exercised MediYoga for the past week, most (n=31, 67 %) indicated that their symptoms had improved, and most (n=29, 63 %) rated stress as medium. Statistically, the results revealed that there was no significant difference in perceived symptoms change among those who had/had not exercised MediYoga for the past week (p=0,24). Furthermore, there was no statistic significant difference in levels of self-rated stress among those who had/had not exercised MediYoga for the past week (p=0,66). Conclusion The complexity of this study topic means that the result can be explained in several ways and can be due to different factors. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka i vilken mån personer utövar MediYoga efter avslutad kurs, om någon symptomförändring hade skett en tid efter kursen, samt undersöka självskattad stress. Studien var empirisk med en kvantitativ ansats. Urvalet inkluderade personer som hade genomfört kurs i MediYoga inom primärvården någon gång under år 2015. En webbenkät mejlades ut till 123 personer och det var 56 personer som besvarade enkäten, varav ett internt bortfall på 10 personer. Enkäten bestod av ett antal frågor som var specifikt utformade för denna studie, samt ett validerat frågeformulär (SEQ-LT) för att undersöka självskattad stress på fritiden den senaste veckan. Resultatet visade att en majoritet (n=30, 65 %) inte hade utövat MediYoga den senaste veckan, de flesta (n=31, 67 %) angav att symptomet hade förbättrats, och flest antal personer (n=29, 63 %) självskattade sin stress som mellan. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns någon statistisk signifikant skillnad i upplevd symptomförändring bland de som hade/inte hade utövat MediYoga den senaste veckan (p=0,24). Det fanns inte heller någon statistisk signifikant skillnad i självskattad stress på fritiden bland de som hade/inte hade utövat MediYoga den senaste veckan (p=0,66). Resultatet indikerade att det inte förelåg någon skillnad i upplevd symptomförändring och självskattad stress bland de som hade utövat MediYoga, samt de som inte hade utövat MediYoga. Det är ett komplext ämne vilket innebär att detta resultat kan förklaras på ett flertal sätt och bero på många olika faktorer.
36

Adherence to Venous Blood Specimen Collection Practice Guidelines Among Nursing Students and Healthcare Staff

Nilsson, Karin January 2016 (has links)
Background Patient safety is an undisputable part of healthcare. The use of clinical practice guidelines, usually based on evidence-based practice/best practice, promotes patient safety and high quality care, reduces unnecessary patient suffering, and healthcare costs. Analysing results from venous blood specimen collection is one of the most commonly used services within healthcare, and a substantial number of decisions on diagnosis, treatment, and treatment evaluation are based on the results. Hence, the accuracy of these tests are vitally important. Earlier research has demonstrated that healthcare staff report suboptimal adherence to venous blood specimen collection guidelines together with the need for improved practices. Blood sample collection is carried out by several professionals, among them registered nurses and, as a consequence, nursing students too. University nursing students learn and practice venous blood specimen collection in one of their first semesters. After initial skill training at clinical skill laboratories, they continue to perform the task during clinical placements in various clinical settings. Few or no studies have been performed on nursing students, hence it seemed important to assess guideline adherence to venous blood specimen collection among university students as well as to further explore adherence to guidelines among healthcare staff. Therefore, the overall aim for this thesis was to explore adherence to, and factors influencing venous blood specimen collection guidelines practice among university nursing students and healthcare staff. Methods The thesis includes four studies. Study I-III had a quantitative, cross-sectional design, study IV had a qualitative approach. Study I included 164 healthcare staff from 25 primary healthcare centres. Study II included 101 nursing students in their 5th and 6th semesters, and study III included 305 nursing students in their 2nd, 4th, and 6th semesters. To assess adherence to venous blood specimen collection guidelines, data were collected using the Venous Blood Specimen Questionnaire, completed with background variables (I, II, III) and additional scales (III). Descriptive statistics, multilevel and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data. In study IV, data were collected through five focus group interviews among 6th semester nursing students (n=26). Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Workplace affiliation was found to explain variances in reported adherence between different primary healthcare centres. Associations between reported venous blood specimen collection practices and individual as well as workplace factors were revealed. Nursing students were found to increasingly deviate from guideline adherence during their education. Also among students, several associations between guideline adherence and other iv factors were revealed. Reported research use at clinical practice was associated with higher levels of adherence, as were higher capability beliefs regarding both evidence-based practice and academic ability. Analyses from focus group interviews summarised students’ reflections on deviations from VBSC guidelines in the overall theme ‘Striving to blend in and simultaneously follow guidelines’. Conclusion Both healthcare staff at primary healthcare centres and nursing students demonstrate decreasing levels of guideline adherence with time. Factors influencing adherence are both individual as well as contextual. This indicate that both students and staff are subjected to socialisation processes that influences levels of adherence. In order to enhance venous blood specimen collection practices and thereby patient safety, actions must be taken - both in healthcare clinical contexts and by educators. The use of models in practical skill training, and in the ambition to bridge the theory-practice gap may be the path to success. It is reasonable to assume that collaboration between, on the one hand, education representatives and on the other, supervising RNs in clinical settings, will be fruitful. Finally, by empowering students their self-efficacy may be strengthened, and hence their ability to maintain guideline adherence.
37

A acessibilidade da atenção à saúde: uma análise da procura pelo pronto-atendimento na ótica dos usuários / The accessibility of health care: an analysis of the demand for emergency care from the viewpoint of users

Souza, Mariana de Figueiredo 10 December 2010 (has links)
Iniciamos a construção desta investigação o durante o processo de acolhimento vivenciado em um serviço de pronto-atendimento (PA) da Unidade Básica Distrital da Saúde do Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP (UBDS oeste), onde pudemos perceber que os mesmos usuários procuravam com grande frequência o serviço, sem o caráter de urgência ou emergência, resultando em uma demanda maior do que suporta o serviço, e sem uma efetiva resolutividade da atenção. Podemos pensar que nas UBSs o usuário não encontrou a resolução do seu problema; não fez vínculo com a equipe; não teve acesso ao serviço ou o cuidado não foi integral, entre outras possibilidades. A partir destes pressupostos, supomos que a acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde pode ser uma das causas disparadoras para a justificativa da procura pelo PA e mesmo sendo serviço de urgência, o serviço atende a prontidões e também atende os usuários considerados não urgentes, resultando no aumento da demanda do PA. Isto pode trazer dificuldades para a equipe que não consegue proporcionar um atendimento acolhedor por meio de orientações sobre a existência de outros serviços disponíveis na rede básica de atenção para seguimento de saúde. Objetivamos com este estudo analisar a procura pelo PA do distrito oeste de saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, na ótica dos usuários. Trata-se de uma abordagem quantiqualitativa sobre os usuários que procuraram o PA. Coletamos dados de 330 fichas de atendimento do PA, a fim de caracterizar os usuários atendidos no PA quanto ao sexo, à faixa etária, ao bairro de procedência, à justificativa para a procura, à conduta e aos encaminhamentos realizados. Fizemos entrevista semiestruturada com 23 usuários do PA abordando questões relativas à acessibilidade, ao acesso e acolhimento aos serviços de saúde, aos aspectos relativos ao atendimento, à resolução das necessidades de saúde, ao motivo da procura do PA e à integralidade da atenção à saúde. Como resultados, encontramos que a demora pelo atendimento e agendamento das consultas na rede básica de atenção constituem uma das principais razões para a procura ao PA; o acesso mais facilitado à tecnologia e aos medicamentos no PA também justificou a preferência por este serviço. O horário de funcionamento coincidindo com a jornada de trabalho dos usuários também trouxe dificuldades para agendar ou procurar atendimento na rede básica. A obtenção de atendimento médico ainda pode ter forte influência na satisfação que o usuário tem por um serviço de saúde. Concluímos que diversas foram as justificativas para a procura pelo PA e entendemos que, se estes usuários fossem acolhidos e tivessem acesso aos atendimentos nas UBSs e USFs, consequentemente, a demanda pelo PA tenderia a diminuir e atenderia com maior tranquilidade às urgências e emergências. / Began this investigation during the reception experienced in an emergency care (PA) Basic Unit of district health, health center´s medical school , Ribeirão Preto- USP, Where we could see that the same users looking at higher frequency service, without the character of urgency or emergency, resulting in a greater demand service that supports and without the effective outcomes of primary health. we think that the basic health unit the users did not find the resolution of your problem, did not link with the team, did not have access to the service or the care was not fully, between other possibilities. From these assumptions ,we assume that accessibility to health services may be one of the cause triggering to the justification for seeking emergency care and even if the emergency service, the service meets the users considered non- urgent, resulting in increased demand for emergency care. This can cause difficulties for the team that can not provide a friendly service through orientations about the existence of other services available in the basic attention to health monitoring. We ain with this study to analyze to demand for emergency care at the west of the district health the municipality of Ribeirao Preto, the viewpoint of users. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach about the users who sought emergency care. We collect data from 330 medical records of emergency care , in order to characterize users assisted in the emergency care , about whether a man or woman, will age , the neighborhood of provenance, the justification for seeking, will conduct and referrals. We semistructured interview with 23 users of emergency care addressing questions related to accessibility access to care and health services, and aspects of the care, the resolution of health needs of the reason for seeking emergency care and comprehensive health care to health. As results ,found that the delay for serving and scheduling of consultations in the primary care are a major reason for seeking emergency care to; easier access to technology and medication in the emergency room also justified the preference for this service. .Opening hours coinciding with the day´s work also brought difficulties of users to schedule or seek care in the primary. Obtaining medical care can still have a strong influence on satisfaction that the user is a health service. Conclude that there have been several reasons for the demand for emergency care and understand that, if these users were welcomed and had access to basic care unit, (USF) health and, consequently, the demand for emergency care would tend to decrease with greater peace and meet urgencies and emergencies.
38

Possibilidades e limites do trabalho de agentes comunitários de saúde para a promoção da saúde / Possibilities and limits of the work of community health workers to promote health

Pereira, Iara Cristina 03 March 2015 (has links)
Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que tomou como objeto o processo de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). O objetivo geral foi identificar possibilidades e limites no trabalho dos ACS para a realização de ações de promoção da saúde. O embasamento teórico incluiu a teoria da determinação social do processo saúde e doença, o paradigma da promoção da saúde e os princípios da educação popular em saúde. O método utilizado para interpretação dos dados foi a hermenêutica dialética. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, foi realizada análise documental dos relatórios finais das três últimas Conferências Municipais de Saúde, do Relatório de Gestão 2012 e dos dois últimos Planos Municipais de Saúde de Campo Grande, MS, para identificar como abordaram os temas de educação permanente, intersetorialidade, participação social e condições de trabalho dos ACS. Também se procedeu à caracterização dos ACS e das práticas de promoção da saúde por eles desenvolvidas no cotidiano de trabalho em equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Na segunda fase, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito gerentes das Unidades Básicas Saúde da Família e com a Coordenadora Municipal da ESF para identificar a percepção sobre o trabalho realizado pelos ACS. Em seguida, foram desenvolvidas seis oficinas pedagógicas com os ACS para identificar suas concepções sobre processo saúde-doença, necessidades sociais e de saúde, processo de trabalho e formação. Para análise do material empírico, foi utilizada a análise temática, que permitiu identificar as seguintes categorias: O processo saúde-doença e a promoção da saúde, A realidade do território: problemas de saúde e necessidades sociais, (Des)caminhos e (im)possibilidades da promoção em saúde esta desdobrada nas subcategorias A educação permanente na realidade de trabalho dos ACS, O desafio da participação social e A ESF e a intersetorialidade e O cotidiano de trabalho do ACS. A análise dos resultados indicou que, para que os ACS desenvolvam um trabalho voltado à promoção da saúde, são necessárias a adoção de uma política intersetorial, a gestão participativa com fomento à participação social e novas práticas em saúde ancoradas na clínica ampliada e na educação permanente em serviço, além de um processo de formação dos ACS baseado na educação popular em saúde / The object of this exploratory, descriptive investigation with a qualitative approach was the work process of Brazilian community health workers (CHWs). The studys overall purpose was to identify the possibilities and limitations experienced by CHWs while carrying out health promotion practices. The theoretical framework comprised the theory of social production of health and disease, the health promotion paradigm, and principles of popular education in health. Hermeneutic dialectics was the method employed for data interpretation. The first phase of the investigation consisted in analyzing the final reports of the three latest Municipal Health Conferences, the 2012 Management Report, and the two latest Municipal Health Plans for Campo Grande (the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul state), to detect their approaches to the following topics: permanent education, intersectorality, social participation, and working conditions among CHWs. The study also characterized the profiles of CHWs and the health promotion practices addressed in their daily work as members of Family Healthcare Strategy (FHS) teams. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight managers of Family Healthcare Units and the FHS Municipal Coordinator to identify their perceptions of the work performed by CHWs. Subsequently, six educational workshops were conducted with CHWs to identify their conceptions of the healthdisease process, social and healthcare needs, work process, and professional education. Thematic analysis of the empirical material led to identification the following categories: The healthdisease process and health promotion, Territorial reality: health problems and social needs, (Un)due paths and (im)possibilities in health promotionfurther subcategorized as Permanent education in the professional reality of CHWs, The challenge of social participation, and The FHS and intersectorality, and The daily work routine of CHWs. The results revealed that enabling CHWs to develop practices oriented towards health promotion requires implementing intersectoral policies and participatory management capable of advancing social participation and new healthcare practices supported by an expanded clinical approach and permanent in-service education, as well as providing CHWs with a professional education process based on popular health education
39

Contribuições do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família para a discussão dos modelos assistenciais na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Contributions of the Family Health Support Center to the discussion of care models in primary healthcare

Silva, Lucy Talita da 14 August 2018 (has links)
Objetivo: identificar os modelos assistenciais desenvolvidos pelas equipes dos Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) em uma região do interior de São Paulo. Métodos empregados: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada através de estudo de caso em quatro municípios da mesorregião de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Como métodos de pesquisa foram utilizados entrevista aberta e questionário semiestruturado. A definição dos sujeitos de pesquisa foi realizada por amostragem por conveniência. Os dados sobre o perfil sociodemográfico e perfil profissional foram tabulados com o auxílio de planilhas eletrônicas. Para o estudo das informações coletadas nas entrevistas abertas foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados e discussões: Participaram do estudo 29 sujeitos, sendo destes quatro com cargos de gestão, seis profissionais do NASF e 19 profissionais da Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF), sendo estes médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, agentes comunitários de saúde e psicólogo. 82,1% dos sujeitos está pela primeira vez vinculado à Atenção Básica e todos os profissionais do NASF estavam pela primeira vez na área de saúde da família. Foram constatados dificuldades e desafios para consolidação do trabalho do NASF e até mesmo da ESF na região, que apresenta fraca orientação à Atenção Primária à Saúde, com predomínio dos modelos médico e sanitário. Com isso, identificou-se a demanda e a necessidade de Educação Permanente (EP) na região, em que há poucas ofertas públicas de ensino, como uma possível alternativa para reflexões dos profissionais sobre o próprio trabalho. Tal fato resultou na construção de uma proposta de EP como produto desta pesquisa, que será apresentada para a Diretoria Regional de Saúde para ser realizada através de parceria da pesquisadora com a instituição. A proposta de EP visa ampliar e implantar o uso de ferramentas propostas pelo Ministério da Saúde e identificadas por diferentes autores como meios de promoção de saúde pautados na integralidade. Conclusões: O NASF reproduz o modelo assistencial já instituído a partir de uma leitura biomédica ou sanitarista, seja por falta de conhecimento sobre o tema ou por falta de apoio das gestões locais. Assim, tornou-se uma estratégia municipal para ampliação da rede de assistência especializada com financiamento do Ministério da Saúde e é utilizado para este fim, sem estar orientado pela lógica do apoio matricial. Embora a criação da modalidade 3 do NASF tenha possibilitado a implantação dessas equipes em pequenos municípios, e que a proposta favoreça mudanças parciais nos serviços municipais de saúde, isso ainda é insuficiente diante da variedade e complexidade da Atenção Básica. Portanto, repensar o modelo, o financiamento de saúde e a formação desses profissionais é relevante para a transformação do cenário de saúde. Dessa forma, a EP dos trabalhadores da saúde surge como alternativa para o abismo entre a formação acadêmica e a prática em saúde, contribuindo para a viabilização e implementação de ações e projetos concomitantes às propostas do SUS. / Objective: this study aims to identify care models used by teams of the Family Health Support Centers (NASF) in a region from the countryside of the São Paulo State. Methods: this is a qualitative research performed with study cases in four municipalities from the Brazilian mesoregion Ribeirão Preto - SP. Open interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used as research methods. The definition of the research subjects was made by sampling for convenience. Data regarding the sociodemographic profile were tabulated using spreadsheets. As for the information collected in the open interviews, the content analysis method was used. Results and discussions: 29 subjects took part of the study, in which four have management positions, six are professionals from the NASF and 19 are professionals from the Family Health Strategy (ESF), being doctors, nurses, nursing technicians and psychologists. 82.1% of the subjects are for the first time linked to the Basic Healthcare and all professionals from the NASF are also for the first time in the family health area. Difficulties and challenges to the consolidation of the NASF\'s work have been found as well, as it presents a weak orientation to the primary healthcare, with the predominance of the medical and sanitary models. In this way, the demand and necessity of continuing education in the region have been identified as an alternative to the professionals\' reflections on their own works, as there are few public offers of education available. So, this resulted in a Continuing Education Proposition as a product of this research, that will be presented to the Regional Health Board to be realized by a partnership between the researcher and the institution. The continuing education proposition consists of the enlargement and implantation of tools proposed by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and that are identified by different authors in the literature as means of health promotion based on integrality. Conclusions: the NASF reproduces the care model already instituted by a medical or sanitary reading, being it because of the lack of knowledge regarding the theme or by the lack of support by local management. In this way, it seems to have become municipal strategies to the enlarge the specialized healthcare network using funds from the Ministry of Health, which is used to this end, but not being oriented by the matrixial support logic. Although the creation of the NASF 3 modality have allowed the implantation of these teams in small municipalities, and its proposition lead to partial changes in municipal healthcare services, this is still insufficient due to the variety and complexity of the Basic Healthcare. So, rethinking the model, health funding and formation of these professionals is relevant to the transformation of the health scenario. In this way, the continuing education of the health professionals is an alternative to the abyss between academic training and health practice, contributing to the feasibility and implementation of actions and projects concomitants to the Unified Health System (SUS) proposals.
40

Possibilidades e limites do trabalho de agentes comunitários de saúde para a promoção da saúde / Possibilities and limits of the work of community health workers to promote health

Iara Cristina Pereira 03 March 2015 (has links)
Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que tomou como objeto o processo de trabalho dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). O objetivo geral foi identificar possibilidades e limites no trabalho dos ACS para a realização de ações de promoção da saúde. O embasamento teórico incluiu a teoria da determinação social do processo saúde e doença, o paradigma da promoção da saúde e os princípios da educação popular em saúde. O método utilizado para interpretação dos dados foi a hermenêutica dialética. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, foi realizada análise documental dos relatórios finais das três últimas Conferências Municipais de Saúde, do Relatório de Gestão 2012 e dos dois últimos Planos Municipais de Saúde de Campo Grande, MS, para identificar como abordaram os temas de educação permanente, intersetorialidade, participação social e condições de trabalho dos ACS. Também se procedeu à caracterização dos ACS e das práticas de promoção da saúde por eles desenvolvidas no cotidiano de trabalho em equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Na segunda fase, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito gerentes das Unidades Básicas Saúde da Família e com a Coordenadora Municipal da ESF para identificar a percepção sobre o trabalho realizado pelos ACS. Em seguida, foram desenvolvidas seis oficinas pedagógicas com os ACS para identificar suas concepções sobre processo saúde-doença, necessidades sociais e de saúde, processo de trabalho e formação. Para análise do material empírico, foi utilizada a análise temática, que permitiu identificar as seguintes categorias: O processo saúde-doença e a promoção da saúde, A realidade do território: problemas de saúde e necessidades sociais, (Des)caminhos e (im)possibilidades da promoção em saúde esta desdobrada nas subcategorias A educação permanente na realidade de trabalho dos ACS, O desafio da participação social e A ESF e a intersetorialidade e O cotidiano de trabalho do ACS. A análise dos resultados indicou que, para que os ACS desenvolvam um trabalho voltado à promoção da saúde, são necessárias a adoção de uma política intersetorial, a gestão participativa com fomento à participação social e novas práticas em saúde ancoradas na clínica ampliada e na educação permanente em serviço, além de um processo de formação dos ACS baseado na educação popular em saúde / The object of this exploratory, descriptive investigation with a qualitative approach was the work process of Brazilian community health workers (CHWs). The studys overall purpose was to identify the possibilities and limitations experienced by CHWs while carrying out health promotion practices. The theoretical framework comprised the theory of social production of health and disease, the health promotion paradigm, and principles of popular education in health. Hermeneutic dialectics was the method employed for data interpretation. The first phase of the investigation consisted in analyzing the final reports of the three latest Municipal Health Conferences, the 2012 Management Report, and the two latest Municipal Health Plans for Campo Grande (the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul state), to detect their approaches to the following topics: permanent education, intersectorality, social participation, and working conditions among CHWs. The study also characterized the profiles of CHWs and the health promotion practices addressed in their daily work as members of Family Healthcare Strategy (FHS) teams. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight managers of Family Healthcare Units and the FHS Municipal Coordinator to identify their perceptions of the work performed by CHWs. Subsequently, six educational workshops were conducted with CHWs to identify their conceptions of the healthdisease process, social and healthcare needs, work process, and professional education. Thematic analysis of the empirical material led to identification the following categories: The healthdisease process and health promotion, Territorial reality: health problems and social needs, (Un)due paths and (im)possibilities in health promotionfurther subcategorized as Permanent education in the professional reality of CHWs, The challenge of social participation, and The FHS and intersectorality, and The daily work routine of CHWs. The results revealed that enabling CHWs to develop practices oriented towards health promotion requires implementing intersectoral policies and participatory management capable of advancing social participation and new healthcare practices supported by an expanded clinical approach and permanent in-service education, as well as providing CHWs with a professional education process based on popular health education

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