Two interrelated studies explored the self and ideal-self patterns, two important components of the total personality, of a male prison population using the Interpersonal Adjective Checklist (ICL). Both studies used the same prison subjects (n=38), who were divided equally between violent and non-violent offenders. Study I also used a normative sample (n=38) of male students. All subjects filled out two ICL forms, one with self and one with ideal-self instructions. Study I investigated the ICL patterns of the prisoners in terms of type of crime (violent vs. non-violent) and also compared the ICL scores of the prisoners (violent and non-violent) to the student group. Study II investigated the relationship between length of imprisonment and the ICL self and ideal-self patterns of the prisoners. Correlations between length of time already served and each of the thirteen ICL scores were performed for both self and ideal instruction sets (with the effects of type of crime factored out).

Proefschrift - Utrecht. / Text in Dutch with summary in Dutch, French, English, and German.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Text in Afrikaans / Die tradisionele Newtoniaanse wetenskapsbeskouing berus op drie basiese aannames, naamlik lineere oorsaaklikheid, reduksionisme en objektiwiteit. Ernstige kritiek word al hoe meer teen hierdie basiese aannames van die Newtoniaanse benadering geopper. Veral vanuit die sistemiese en ekosistemiese benaderings is alternatiewelike denkraamwerke tot hierdie benadering voorgestel. Die mees kontemporere denkraamwerk (epistemologie), naamlik die ekosistemiese benadering, is gebaseer op outonomie, struktuurgedetermineerdheid, attribusie van betekenis en konstruktivisme. Hierdie ekosistemiese beginsels is in hierdie studie gebruik om gevangenisproblematiek (wat tot op hede gekenmerk was deur Newtoniaanse denke) te herkonseptualiseer. Die nuwe konseptualisering is prakties in die psigoterapeutiese proses met gevangenes ge'lllustreer. In hierdie proses is outonomie op drie vlakke (die van gevangene, terapeut en gevangenisstelsel) bevorder. Hierdie konseptualisering skyn dus 'n wetenskaplikverantwoordbare basis te bied waarbinne gevangenisstelsels beskou kan word. / The traditional Newtonian approach to science is based on three fundamental assumtions, namely linear causality, reductionism and objectivity. Serious criticism is increasingly being brought against these fundamental assumptions of the Newtonian approach. Specifically the systemic and ecosystemic approaches have presented alternative ways of thought (epistemology). The mos t contemporary epistemology, namely the ecosystemic approach, is based on autonomy, structure-determinism, attribution of meaning and constructivism. These ecosystemic principles were used in this study to reconceptualize problems associated with prisoners, problems previously approached in a Newtonian way. This new conceptualization was practically illustrated in the psychotherapeutic process with prisoners. In this process autonomy of the prisoner, therapist and the prison system was promoted. This conceptualization present a scientifically justified basis for thinking about correctional systems. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkunde)

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a psicologia dos Agentes de Segurança Penitenciária (ASPs), como integrantes de um grupo profissional no exercício de sua função no interior do cárcere. O referencial teórico foi a Teoria de Campo de Kurt LEWIN, com destaque para os conceitos de espaço de vida, pessoa e ambiente, regiões, barreiras, locomoção e tempo. O objeto de estudo foi 27 ASPs de duas Penitenciárias masculinas do Estado de São Paulo. Esses agentes foram observados em três situações de trabalho, especialmente nas portarias e nas gaiolas das penitenciárias, durante 120 horas, ou dez plantões. As observações, de matiz etnográfico, que incluíram ações, gestos, palavras e ambiente físico, foram registradas em cadernos de campo. A análise das observações foi realizada mediante a leitura dos conceitos lewinianos, subsidiada por outros estudos das prisões e das relações grupais no interior do cárcere. A sistematização das análises permitiu inferir que: i) o ambiente das prisões não é apenas perigoso e insalubre, como também lugar de trabalho precarizado e pauperizado; ii) as pessoas dos ASPs ressentem-se da condição inadequada de trabalho, mas poucos conseguem, no sentido da transformação do ambiente; iii) as más condições de trabalho levam à precarização da própria existência pessoal dos ASPs; iv) o ambiente da prisão leva à vitimização das pessoas, sejam funcionários ou presos. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz dos conceitos enunciados, que permitiram esclarecer, do ponto de vista psicossocial, o exercício da função do ASP como identidade profissional paradoxal: ora agente repressor, ora agente ressocializador. Essa ambiguidade característica resulta de uma situação de equilíbrio precário entre regiões de valências opostas e entre forças de natureza diversa, além de ser resultante da interação com o ambiente, que inclui o grupo dos ASPs e o grupo dos presos / The aim of this research was analyzing the psychology of correctional officers as members of a professional group carrying out their duty inside the prison. The theoretical reference was Kurt Lewins field theory, highlighting the concepts of life space, individual and environment, regions, barriers, locomotion and time. The purpose of the investigation was 27 correctional officers from two male correction facilities in Sao Paulo State. These officers were observed in three working situations, mainly in the gatehouses and in the prison cages, for 120 hours, or ten shifts. The observations, with ethnographic tone, which included actions, gestures, words and physical environment, were recorded in field notebooks. The analysis of the observations was accomplished through the reading of Lewinian concepts, helped by other studies on prisons and group relations inside the correction facilities. The systematization of the analyses helped inferring that: i) the environment of the correctional facilities is not only dangerous and unhealthy, but also fragile and meager; ii) the correctional officers, as human beings, are resentful of the inadequate working conditions, but few succeed, in the sense of environment transformation; iii) the bad working conditions lead to an impoverishment of the correctional officers personal existence itself; iv) the prison environment induces the victim hood of the individuals, officers and prisoners alike. The results were discussed in the light of the declared concepts, which allowed explain, in the psychosocial point of view, the correctional officers duty role as a paradoxical professional identity: sometimes a repressor agent, sometimes a resocializer agent. This distinctive ambiguity results from a precariously balanced situation among areas with opposed validity and among several different forces, and it is also a result of the interaction with the environment, which includes the group of correctional officers and the group of prisoners

No description available.

Text in Afrikaans / Die tradisionele Newtoniaanse wetenskapsbeskouing berus op drie basiese aannames, naamlik lineere oorsaaklikheid, reduksionisme en objektiwiteit. Ernstige kritiek word al hoe meer teen hierdie basiese aannames van die Newtoniaanse benadering geopper. Veral vanuit die sistemiese en ekosistemiese benaderings is alternatiewelike denkraamwerke tot hierdie benadering voorgestel. Die mees kontemporere denkraamwerk (epistemologie), naamlik die ekosistemiese benadering, is gebaseer op outonomie, struktuurgedetermineerdheid, attribusie van betekenis en konstruktivisme. Hierdie ekosistemiese beginsels is in hierdie studie gebruik om gevangenisproblematiek (wat tot op hede gekenmerk was deur Newtoniaanse denke) te herkonseptualiseer. Die nuwe konseptualisering is prakties in die psigoterapeutiese proses met gevangenes ge'lllustreer. In hierdie proses is outonomie op drie vlakke (die van gevangene, terapeut en gevangenisstelsel) bevorder. Hierdie konseptualisering skyn dus 'n wetenskaplikverantwoordbare basis te bied waarbinne gevangenisstelsels beskou kan word. / The traditional Newtonian approach to science is based on three fundamental assumtions, namely linear causality, reductionism and objectivity. Serious criticism is increasingly being brought against these fundamental assumptions of the Newtonian approach. Specifically the systemic and ecosystemic approaches have presented alternative ways of thought (epistemology). The mos t contemporary epistemology, namely the ecosystemic approach, is based on autonomy, structure-determinism, attribution of meaning and constructivism. These ecosystemic principles were used in this study to reconceptualize problems associated with prisoners, problems previously approached in a Newtonian way. This new conceptualization was practically illustrated in the psychotherapeutic process with prisoners. In this process autonomy of the prisoner, therapist and the prison system was promoted. This conceptualization present a scientifically justified basis for thinking about correctional systems. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkunde)

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a psicologia dos Agentes de Segurança Penitenciária (ASPs), como integrantes de um grupo profissional no exercício de sua função no interior do cárcere. O referencial teórico foi a Teoria de Campo de Kurt LEWIN, com destaque para os conceitos de espaço de vida, pessoa e ambiente, regiões, barreiras, locomoção e tempo. O objeto de estudo foi 27 ASPs de duas Penitenciárias masculinas do Estado de São Paulo. Esses agentes foram observados em três situações de trabalho, especialmente nas portarias e nas gaiolas das penitenciárias, durante 120 horas, ou dez plantões. As observações, de matiz etnográfico, que incluíram ações, gestos, palavras e ambiente físico, foram registradas em cadernos de campo. A análise das observações foi realizada mediante a leitura dos conceitos lewinianos, subsidiada por outros estudos das prisões e das relações grupais no interior do cárcere. A sistematização das análises permitiu inferir que: i) o ambiente das prisões não é apenas perigoso e insalubre, como também lugar de trabalho precarizado e pauperizado; ii) as pessoas dos ASPs ressentem-se da condição inadequada de trabalho, mas poucos conseguem, no sentido da transformação do ambiente; iii) as más condições de trabalho levam à precarização da própria existência pessoal dos ASPs; iv) o ambiente da prisão leva à vitimização das pessoas, sejam funcionários ou presos. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz dos conceitos enunciados, que permitiram esclarecer, do ponto de vista psicossocial, o exercício da função do ASP como identidade profissional paradoxal: ora agente repressor, ora agente ressocializador. Essa ambiguidade característica resulta de uma situação de equilíbrio precário entre regiões de valências opostas e entre forças de natureza diversa, além de ser resultante da interação com o ambiente, que inclui o grupo dos ASPs e o grupo dos presos / The aim of this research was analyzing the psychology of correctional officers as members of a professional group carrying out their duty inside the prison. The theoretical reference was Kurt Lewins field theory, highlighting the concepts of life space, individual and environment, regions, barriers, locomotion and time. The purpose of the investigation was 27 correctional officers from two male correction facilities in Sao Paulo State. These officers were observed in three working situations, mainly in the gatehouses and in the prison cages, for 120 hours, or ten shifts. The observations, with ethnographic tone, which included actions, gestures, words and physical environment, were recorded in field notebooks. The analysis of the observations was accomplished through the reading of Lewinian concepts, helped by other studies on prisons and group relations inside the correction facilities. The systematization of the analyses helped inferring that: i) the environment of the correctional facilities is not only dangerous and unhealthy, but also fragile and meager; ii) the correctional officers, as human beings, are resentful of the inadequate working conditions, but few succeed, in the sense of environment transformation; iii) the bad working conditions lead to an impoverishment of the correctional officers personal existence itself; iv) the prison environment induces the victim hood of the individuals, officers and prisoners alike. The results were discussed in the light of the declared concepts, which allowed explain, in the psychosocial point of view, the correctional officers duty role as a paradoxical professional identity: sometimes a repressor agent, sometimes a resocializer agent. This distinctive ambiguity results from a precariously balanced situation among areas with opposed validity and among several different forces, and it is also a result of the interaction with the environment, which includes the group of correctional officers and the group of prisoners

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of filial therapy on reducing the stress experienced by incarcerated parents; its ability to increase the acceptance level by those parents toward their children ; and to determine the effectiveness of filial therapy on improving the self concept of the children of incarcerated parents.