The central argument that I advance in this dissertation is that the influence of the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) in the governance of global health and agricultural development has been derived from their ability to advance knowledge structures crafted to accommodate the preferences of the dominant states operating within the contexts where they have sought to catalyze change. Consequently, this dissertation provides a new way of conceptualizing knowledge power broadly conceived as well as private governance as it relates to the provision of public goods. In the first half of the twentieth-century, RF funds drove scientific research that produced tangible solutions, such as vaccines and high-yielding seed varieties, to longstanding problems undermining the health and wealth of developing countries emerging from the clutches of colonialism. At the country-level, the Foundation provided advanced training to a generation of agricultural scientists and health practitioners, and RF expertise was also pivotal to the creation of specialized International Organizations (IOs) for health (e.g. the League of Nations Health Organization) and agriculture (e.g. the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) as well as many informal international networks of experts working to solve common problems. Finally in the neo-liberal era, RF effectively demonstrated how the public-private partnership paradigm could provide public goods in the face of externally imposed austerity constraining public sector capacity and the failure of the free-market to meet the needs of populations with limited purchasing power. Since its inception, the BMGF has demonstrated a similar commitment to underwriting innovation through science oriented towards reducing global health disparities and increasing agricultural productivity in poor countries, and has greatly expanded the application of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) approach in both health and agriculture. Unlike its intellectual forebear, BMGF has been far more focused on end-points and silver bullets than investing directly in the training of human resources. Moreover whereas RF has for most of its history decentralized its staff, those of BMGF have been concentrated mainly at its headquarters in Seattle. With no operational programs of its own, BMGF has instead relied heavily on external consultants to inform its programs and remains dependent on intermediary organizations to implement its grants. Despite these and other differences, both RF and BMGF have exhibited a common capacity to catalyse institutional innovation that has benefited historically marginalized populations in the absence of structural changes to the dominant global power structure. A preference for compromise over contestation, coupled with a capacity for enabling innovation in science and governance, has resulted in broad acceptance for RF and BMGF knowledge structures within both state and international policy arenas. This acceptance has translated into both Foundations having direct influence over (i) how major challenges related to disease and agriculture facing the global south are understood (i.e. the determinants and viable solutions); (ii) what types of knowledge matters for solving said problems (i.e. who leads); and (iii) how collective action focused on addressing these problems is structured (i.e. the institutional frameworks).

This thesis articulates how the Kuh-Ke-Nah network (K-Net) shaped broadband development in remote indigenous communities. K-Net operates under the not-for-profit stewardship of Keewaytinook Okimanak (KO) Tribal Council. Located in Northwestern Ontario, KO brought K-Net to life amongst its six member First Nations in the mid 1990s. As K-Net evolved and expanded its membership, KO established a governance model that devolves network ownership and control to community networks in partner First Nations. This governance model reflects KO’s use of social enterprise to organize K-Net’s community-based broadband deployment amidst necessary partnerships with government programs and industry players. K-Net’s social enterprise has rapidly grown since 1997, when its core constituents fought for basic telephone service and internet access in Northern Ontario. In the space of less than a decade, K-Net communities have gone from a situation in which it was common for there to be but a single public payphone in a settlement, to a point where over thirty now have broadband internet services to households. Technologies now under K-Net control include a C-Band satellite transponder, IP videoconferencing and telephony, web and email server space, and a variety of terrestrial and wireless links that effectively connect small, scattered First Nations communities to each other and the wider world. K-Net’s governance model encourages member communities to own and control community local loops and internet services under the authority of a local enterprise. Community ownership and control over local loops allows First Nations to collaborate with KO to adapt broadband applications, such as telemedicine and an internet high school, to local challenges and priorities. K-Net’s aggregation of demand from disparate users, within and across member communities, creates economies of scale for the network’s social enterprise, and allows a dynamic reallocation of bandwidth to meet social priorities. Based on four years of research with K-Net stakeholders under the Canadian Research Alliance for Community Innovation and Networking (CRACIN), my thesis documents the evolution of K-Net’s governance model as a reflection of its social enterprise. Drawing from Community Informatics and the Ecology of Games, I trace K-Net’s history and organization to assess how KO, its partners, and K-Net’s constituents, cooperated to make social enterprise viable for member First Nations.

Orientador: Theresa Maria de Freitas Adrião / Banca: Cleiton de Oliveira / Banca: Rubens Barbosa de Camargo / Resumo: A presente pesquisa investigou e analisou a implantação e as consequências das parcerias público-privadas estabelecidas entre a administração pública municipal e o setor privado, nos estudos de dois casos intencionalmente selecionados: os municípios de Ipeúna e Santa Gertrudes, no Estado de São Paulo, na aquisição de 'sistema de ensino', com adoção de um modelo pedagógico único, sob a forma de material didático apostilado. O período selecionado para o estudo compreende a vigência do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino Fundamental e Valorização do Magistério (Fundef), 1997 a 2006. Partimos do pressuposto que, no Estado de São Paulo, a reforma da educação pública a partir da política do governo estadual introduzida no primeiro governo de Mário Covas (1995-1998), e ratificada nacionalmente pelo Fundef, induziu a municipalização da oferta educacional do ensino fundamental nos municípios paulistas. Em decorrência, houve a ampliação de parcerias público-privadas. Nos estudos de casos, o procedimento teórico-metodológico compreendeu a análise bibliográfica referente à temática da pesquisa; a identificação do perfil dos municípios estudados, visando entender as razões que levaram os dois municípios a estabelecerem parcerias com a instituição privada Sistema Objetivo Municipal de Ensino (Some) na aquisição de 'sistema de ensino' apostilado para as séries iniciais do ensino fundamental municipal, via levantamento de dados, informações e documentos oficiais sobre a população e o atendimento educacional - pesquisa empírica; entrevistas semi-estruturadas com representantes das Secretarias Municipais de Educação, da direção e da coordenação pedagógica de escolas de ensino fundamental e da empresa privada; apresentação e análise de indicadores educacionais e da composição dos gastos municipais em Manutenção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research investigated and analyzed the implantation and the consequences of the public-private partnerships established between the municipal public administration and the private sector, in the studies of two cases intentionally selected: the Ipeúna and Santa Gertrudes municipality's, in the São Paulo' State, in the 'acquisition of education system', with adoption of an only pedagogical model, and booklet learnship system. The selected period for the study understands the validity of the Fund of Maintenance and the Development of Basic Education and Valuation of the Practice Teaching - The Fundef, put it between 1997 and 2006. We leave of the estimated one that, in the São Paulo' State, the public education reform from the politics of the state government introduced in the Mário Covas first government (1995-1998), and ratified nationally for the Fundef, induced the municipalization of basic education offer's in the São Paulo municipality's. In result, it had the magnifying of public-private partnerships. In the studies of cases, the theoretical-methodological procedure understood the referring bibliographical analysis to the thematic of the research; the profiles identification of the municipality's studied, aiming at to understand the reasons that had taken the two cities to establish partnerships with the private institution "Objective System of Municipal Education" (Some) in the acquisition of booklet learnship system for the initial series of municipal basic education (it saw official datacollecting, information and documents on the population and the educational attendance - empirical research; interviews half-structuralized with managers of the Education Departments, the direction and the pedagogical coordination of the basic education schools and of the private company; presentation and analysis of educational pointers and the composition... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La contratación administrativa sirve de instrumento para la concreción de los fines del estado, por lo que, desde un punto de vista doctrinario, el autor expone las principales teorías y clasificaciones que se postulan en torno a ella. asimismo, presenta un panorama completo sobre la evolución de la contratación administrativa en el  Perú  desde  su primer periodo en 1950, en el que por primera vez se intentó establecer un orden en el proceso de adquisición de bienes y servicios por parte de las entidades públicas, hasta la actualidad, con una participación cada vez más activa en los procesos de integración económica y comercial.Para finalizar, el autor realiza un valioso aporte detallando los diferentes tipos de contratos que celebra la administración Pública en el Perú, así como las diferentes modalidades de contratos de adquisición de bienes y servicios, los diferentes tipos de concesión y formas de iniciativa privada, incluyendo a las asociaciones Público Privadas.

The direct agreements perform an essential role in the viability of financing of projects. Its proper regulation determines its course, the prevention and management of possible consequences. Therefore, it is important to know this legal concept that has scarcely been studied in the doctrine. In this article, the author develops legal treatment of this legal concept, its definition, main terms and regulation in the Peruvian legal system. / Los contratos directos desempeñan un rol esencial en la viabilidad de la financiación de proyectos. Su adecuada regulación determinará el curso de los proyectos, la prevención y el manejo de posibles consecuencias. Por ello, es importante conocer esta figura jurídica que ha sido poco estudiada en la doctrina. En el presente artículo, el autor desarrolla el tratamiento legal de esta figura jurídica, su definición, sus principales términos y su regulación en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano.

86 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2012-12-17T19:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 666666666.pdf: 510527 bytes, checksum: 781a081c8cb757a28ecec9f12b98ba8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-17T19:52:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 666666666.pdf: 510527 bytes, checksum: 781a081c8cb757a28ecec9f12b98ba8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Frente a perspectivas favoráveis de crescimento econômico os projetos relacionados ao desenvolvimento, tais como a infra-estrutura, tornam-se objeto de interesse não só para Estado, como também para o setor privado. Para que o crescimento econômico seja potencializado é necessário o investimento em infra-estrutura de transporte de cargas de longa distância por meio de ferrovias. Da gestão direta à privatização são diversas as estruturas de governança possíveis para provisão de serviços públicos a depender do grau de participação do Estado. A partir da análise desses arranjos entre os setores público e privado, da estrutura de incentivos e mitigação de riscos, este trabalho objetiva verificar os limites na utilização das parcerias público-privadas para expansão da malha ferroviária brasileira tomando como referência a Ferrovia de Integração Oeste- Leste. / Salvador

Doctor of Philosophy / Environmental Design and Planning Program / John W. Keller / Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become a vehicle to deliver products and services internationally. It is a favored strategy widely adopted for implementing complex urban developments in the United States. However, the complex nature of such partnerships raises serious concerns about meaningful community engagement. Meaningful community engagement is a result of the presence and quality of transparency and public participation elements that are strongly correlated. The following research describes how the community was involved and contributed to an urban development PPP project in Manhattan, Kansas. The research goal is to understand the mechanism of the community engagement in a PPP project and to evaluate the quality of the process at the local level from a planning perspective. With an in-depth case study and an understanding of meaningful community engagement processes, this research will contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of PPPs and meaningful community engagement at the local level and evaluate local PPP policies and practices. The first objective is to evaluate the participation opportunities with a developed Community Engagement Attribute Evaluation System (CEAES) based on the recognized metrics of quality practices. Attributes are drawn from the identified characteristics of quality transparency and quality public participation of meaningful practices. The second goal is to interview the key stakeholders of the project from the public sector, the private sector, and the community and add depth to the findings that complements the overall evaluation. Through both technical evaluation and open-ended personal interview, this study attempts to describe the design and the process of public participation practices. Analysis will show whether or not the community was meaningfully engaged and if the technical aspects of a quality community engagement practice were present. Finally, this study aims to inform future similar planning practices. The result serves two local purposes of planning governance and policy. For the former, it will help those with no record of PPP to better design and implement the engagement process; and for the ones with PPPs’ experience, it will contribute to the quality of the future partnerships. For the latter, it will guide the local governments and policy makers to better address PPPs’ ongoing issue of community engagement.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1372826 bytes, checksum: 64f8b571e2ad9a78c633ea5c58383361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to elucidate if public-private partnerships (PPPs), especially those instituteds by State Law n. º 3,363/08, can contribute to develop sustainably the Amazonas, overcoming the socioeconomic isolation obstacles of the region and the difficulty to have a model more inclusive and full of autonomy determined by its harmony with the ecological potentials. So, this investigation adopted the dialectical approach methods, comparative and historical procedure methods and research techniques of indirect documentation (bibliographic and documentary). It begins explaining the development connotation that will guide the research, distinguishing it from economic growth, assuming it sustainable as dynamic and complex process (composed by growing economic, environmental, social, political etc.) that centers on expanding human freedoms. After examining the history of the theme, it was verified its crystallization in the legal order as validity of conducts parameters and as fundamental human right to be duly executed according the emerging values of determined social reality (development in concreto). Following the visit of the Amazon history by the socioeconomic cycles of the region, factors were extracted of Amazonas underdevelopment and based on theses it becomes possible the overcoming of this scenario to trigger the development, covering the combat of the State preponderance among others social actors, and the repair of the economic primacy in the midst of social exclusion and indifference ecological (and its potentialities). Identified the best consistent development with the amazon peculiarities, it was understood the basic structures of PPPs in the strict sense of the Federal law of PPPS No. 11,079/04 and the law amazonense law PPPs No. 3,363/08, revealing the common feature of complexity in the development and the study of Amazonian since it provides for the grant of public service and/or construction, extension, maintenance, facilities management and reform, goods or equipment for public use; or intangible rights of ownership of the State, including trademarks, patents and databases, methods and management techniques in the areas of education, health, welfare, transportation, sanitation, science, research and technology, agriculture and other areas of economic interest. Therefore, PPPs contribute in overcoming/mitigation socioeconomic isolation of Amazonas and its indifference to the potential environmental, because it is about hiring State large infrastructure works relating to public service (or not) with greater assurance of income to particular, promoting the meeting of the State with the private initiative in the public interest. Finally, were analyzed the federal strategies of sustainable in Amazon Sustainable Plan (ASP) and the economic potential of forestry assets in local productive arrangements highlighted (LPA) in the segments of phytotherapeutic/phytocosmetic products, timber and ecoturism, where were detect proposals that shown these capabilities with the use of PPPs to concrete development in the region, establishing its suitability, especially those conferred by the law of Amazonas No. 3,363/08, as an instrument for overcoming the factors that undevelop Amazon space. / Esta dissertação visa elucidar se as Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPPs), sobretudo as instituídas pela Lei Estadual n.º 3.363/08, podem contribuir para desenvolver sustentavelmente o Amazonas, superando os óbices do isolamento socioeconômico da região e a dificuldade de se notabilizar um modelo mais includente e dotado de autonomia determinada pela sua harmonização com as suas potencialidades ecológicas. Para tanto, adotaram-se os métodos de abordagem dialético e de procedimento histórico e comparativo, e as técnicas de pesquisa de documentação indireta bibliográfica e documental. Iniciou-se esclarecendo a conotação do desenvolvimento que norteará a pesquisa, distinguindo-o do crescimento econômico e pressupondo-o sustentável como processo dinâmico e complexo (composto pelas searas econômicas, ambientais, sociais, políticas etc.) que se centraliza na expansão das liberdades humanas. Após o exame histórico do tema, constata-se a sua cristalização na ordem jurídica como parâmetro de validade de condutas e como direito humano e fundamental a ser devidamente efetivado segundo os valores emergentes de determinada realidade social (desenvolvimento in concreto). Seguindo-se à visita da história amazônica pelos ciclos socioeconômicos da região, extraíram-se os fatores de subdesenvolvimento do Amazonas com base nos quais se viabiliza a superação desse cenário para desencadear o desenvolvimento, a abranger o combate da preponderância do Estado dentre os demais atores sociais, e o reparo da primazia do econômico em meio a exclusões sociais e à indiferença ecológica (e suas potencialidades). Identificado o desenvolvimento mais consentâneo com as peculiaridades amazônicas, compreenderam-se as estruturas básicas das PPPs em sentido estrito da Lei Federal de PPPs n.º 11.079/04 e da Lei Amazonense de PPPs n.º 3.363/08, revelando-se a característica de complexidade em comum com o desenvolvimento e o estudo amazônico, já que se prevê a concessão de serviço público e/ou construção, ampliação, manutenção, reforma e gestão de instalações, bens ou equipamentos de uso público; ou de direitos de natureza imaterial de titularidade do Estado, incluídos marcas, patentes e bancos de dados, métodos e técnicas de gestão nas áreas de educação, saúde, assistência social, transporte, saneamento básico, ciência, pesquisa e tecnologia, agronegócio e outras áreas de interesse socioeconômico. Assim, as PPPs contribuem para a superação/atenuação do isolamento socioeconômico do Amazonas e da sua indiferença às potencialidades ambientais, pois se trata de contratação estatal de grandes obras de infraestrutura atreladas a serviço público (ou não) com maiores garantias de rendimentos ao particular, onde há a reunião do Estado com a iniciativa privada no interesse público. Por fim, foram analisadas as estratégias federais do Plano Amazônia Sustentável (PAS) e as potencialidades econômicas de bens florestais salientados em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) nos segmentos de fitoterápico/fitocosméticos, madeireiro e ecoturístico, de onde despontaram propostas de efetivação dessas potencialidades com o uso das PPPs para o desenvolvimento in concreto da região, de modo a se constatar a sua adequação, principalmente as conferidas pela Lei do Amazonas n.º 3.363/08, como instrumento de superação dos fatores que subdesenvolvem o espaço amazonense.

As parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) consistem em um arranjo, formado pelo setor público e privado para a provisão de serviços de infraestrutura, os quais eram previamente providos pelo governo. No ambiente desses contratos realizam-se três estudos, sendo que o desenvolve-se um modelo teórico de PPPs para hospitais. Neste sentido, o regime de bundling, em que as empresas são agregadas em um consórcio, mostra-se se superior ao que as empresas são contratadas separadamente. Isto se dá, porque no primeiro modelo, as firmas conseguem internalizar as externalidades advindas do processo produtivo. Já no segundo ensaio faz-se um modelo computacional de risco moral com loterias aplicado a essa modalidade contratual. As simulações realizadas neste exercício indicam que projetos de valor econômico mais elevado atraem firmas mais capacitadas e esse maior valor monetário provavelmente está correlacionado com a complexidade do empreendimento o que pode ser o motivo das empresas empenharem mais esforço. O terceiro trabalho pretende identificar os determinantes do investimento e do número de projetos de PPPs em economias emergentes. Os resultados indicam que o ambientes de negócios, macroeconômico, político e o sistema legal são os principais preponderantes na formulação destes contratos. Por fim, as PPPs demandam esforços governamentais para o desenho de contratos que coíbam o comportamento oportunista e consigam monitorar de forma adequada as empresas responsáveis pelo empreendimento. O compartilhamento de riscos de certa forma é um mecanismo de proteção para o parceiro privado, mas são necessários o desenvolvimento de contratos bem estruturados, que possam lidar com as possíveis contingências e evitar abusos por parte de ambos agentes. / The Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) consist of an arrangement formed by the public and private sectors for the supply of infrastructure services, which were previously provided by the government. In this contractual environment three studies have been performed. The first one develops a theoretical model for hospitals. In this sense, the bundling system, in which firms are aggregated into a consortium, is shown to be superior to when businesses are hired separately. This happens because in the first model, firms can internalize the externalities arising during the production process. The second essay makes a computational model of moral hazard, with lotteries applied to this type of contract. The simulations indicate that projects with a higher economic value attract more qualified firms and that greater monetary value is likely correlated with the project’s complexity, which may be why the companies pledge more effort. The third paper aims to identify the investment determinants and the number of PPP projects in emerging economies. The results indicate that the business, macroeconomic, political environments and legal system are the main preponderant in the formulation of these contracts. Finally, PPPs require government efforts to design contracts that restrain opportunistic behavior and are able to adequately monitor the companies responsible for the contracts. Risk sharing is a protection mechanism for the private partner, but there is a need to develop well-structured contracts which can deal with possible contingencies and prevent abuses by both agents.

Despite the evolution of the private investment promotion regime in relation to investment projects under private initiatives, there are many shortcomings in its regulation, especially at the evaluation stage, which creates serious disincentives for attracting private investors. One of these defects derives from its consideration as requests of graces and of how the Administration understands this type of petitions. Having this problem in mind, we propose a rereading of the nature of private initiatives to ensure that decisions taken by the Public Administration in this regard are subject to a true control of legality. / A pesar de la evolución del régimen de promoción de la inversión privada con relación a los proyectos de inversión bajo la óptica de iniciativas privadas persisten muchos defectos en su regulación, sobre todo en la etapa de evaluación, lo cual genera serios desincentivos para la captación de inversionistas privados. Uno de esos defectos deriva de su consideración como peticiones de gracias y de cómo la Administración entiende este tipo de peticiones. Teniendo dicha problemática en la mira, proponemos una relectura de la naturaleza de las iniciativas privadas que asegure que las decisiones que al respecto tome la Administración Pública sean objeto de un verdadero control de legalidad.