Magister Artium - MA / This study entitled, “Private property, gentrification, tension and change at the ‘urban edge’: a study of Jamestown, Stellenbosch.” is about a small place called Jamestown, in which I have lived all my life. Jamestown, located near the town of Stellenbosch is situated 40 km to the east of Cape Town, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The Stellenbosch area has a long history, as an early settlement in the Dutch Colonial period, in which missionaries were active in the establishment of the town and its associated agricultural activities after the end of slavery in 1848. It was the location in which missionary societies first built churches and much missionary activity began. Jamestown was established in 1903 as part of this process as a Rhenish Mission by the Rev. Jacob Weber and James Rattray who made land available to a church congregation, made up of local small-scale farmers. Contemporary Jamestown remains the home to many descendants of the original families who still live and farm in a self-sustainable manner. Yet, in 1965, Jamestown’s future was under threat as the infamous Group Areas Act was being implemented across the country under apartheid. In 1966 a decision was made that to save Jamestown from forced removals and declaration as a White Group Area, after which it was declared a Coloured Group Area. This thesis explores the significance of this decision and examines how this shift influenced the future of Jamestown. Major changes have been occurring in and around Jamestown since 2000 and from 2009 Jamestown has been designated as being situated on the ‘urban edge’ of Stellenbosch. Rapid transformation with burgeoning urban sprawl, suburbanisation and gentrification taking place in the areas surrounding the town with new themed developments, including gated communities and malls has taken place. This research tracks how long-standing Jamestown residents have been affected by these land-use changes and the social effect this has had on their lives. The significant rise in the demand for private property in the area has led to the increase of property prices over the last 15 years. Land in Jamestown, which didn’t have much value previously, rose significantly in value and together with this, the rates and taxes have escalated to such an extent that the majority of Jamestown’s residents, made up of low to middle-income households, cannot afford to own property. Occurring in parallel with this process a heritage committee has been established as residents seek to retain Jamestown’s “village feel”, while for developers, the change in and around Jamestown has brought huge profits. In short this thesis is concerned with the complex interplay between the effects of private property development, gentrification and claims to heritage in the place I consider home, in post-apartheid Jamestown.

It is commonly contended by the political right that freedom and equality are mutually incompatible values. This ‘incompatibility argument’ can be characterized as positing a trade-off between freedom and equality, such that the more a society realizes of one, the less it is able to realize of the other. Talk of trade-offs between values implies the possibility that they can be subjected to quantitative analysis, and in order to make sense of the trade-off interpretation of the incompatibility argument I identify quantifiable conceptions of freedom and equality. The incompatibility argument invokes negative freedom and equality of outcome. Consequently it is often resisted by endorsement of alternative conceptions of these values like positive freedom or equality of opportunity. Refraining from this strategy, I aim to show that for those committed to both negative freedom and equality of outcome the outlook is not as bleak as the incompatibility argument would seem to suggest. This is because the traditional picture ignores the context in which the trade-off between freedom and equality takes place, namely, the widespread privatization of resources. I argue that in addition to the advertised trade-off between freedom and equality, each of these values also trades off against the extent to which private property rights are enshrined. As above, for trade-offs to take place between private property and other social goals it must be possible to quantify private property, and I seek to show that such quantification can be achieved. If my analysis is successful we will then be faced with three trade-offs: freedom vs. equality, freedom vs. private property, and equality vs. private property. By integrating these three trade-offs into a single three-dimensional model I aim to present a more informative account of the relationships between the three goals. The extent to which freedom and equality trade-off against one another is itself determined in part by the extent to which a society realizes private property. As a result, by curbing or abolishing private property rights more freedom can be secured alongside greater equality.

Notion cardinale du droit liée à plusieurs aspects des rapports sociaux, à la liberté, à l'égalité, appréhendée de manière individualiste ou dans une finalité sociale, la propriété est éminemment contingente. Au même titre que l'individu particulier reconnu dans sa capacité sociale de possession et de maîtrise des biens, l'Etat, et la plupart des personnes publiques,sont propriétaires ou gestionnaires de biens qu'il leur convient de valoriser économiquement. Toutefois, malgré l'unicité de l'essence même du concept de propriété entre les personnes publiques et les personnes privées, son exercice reste largement exorbitant lorsqu'il est au contact de personnes publiques. La propriété publique reste en effet profondément déterminée par la qualité de ses titulaires,et son régime,nécessairement « finalisé » par l'affectation des biens publics à l'utilité publique. Par ailleurs,la scission du patrimoine des personnes publiques en deux masses de biens très distinctes en théorie constitue une autre particularité qui, elle, a perdu de sa pertinence et de son intelligibilité.Les fondements historiques et juridiques de la distinction domaniale ne reposent en réalité que sur un artifice. Dès lors, il convient de procéder à une redéfinition des relations entre les éléments de personnalité et d'affectation qui sont à la base du concept de propriété publique,et de proposer la suppression de cette summa divisio devenue anachronique et même illogique. Parce que les biens publics appartiennent tous par principe à des personnes publiques qui servent peu ou prou l'intérêt général, cette piste de réflexion semble particulièrement opportune pour une future réforme du droit des biens publics. / Cardinal notion of law related to several aspects of social relations, freedom, equality, understood in an individualistic way or in a social purpose, the property is highly contingent. As well as the private individual recognized in its social capacity of possession and control of property, the State, and most public entities are owners or property managers who can value their property. However, despite the uniqueness of the essence of the ownership concept between public and private individuals, its exercise remains largely different, when in contact with public entities. Public ownership remains deeply determined by the quality of its owners, and its regime necessarily "finalized" as determined by the allocation of public goods to the public interest. Moreover, the division of public property in two masses of goods theoretically very different is another feature which, in turn, has lost its relevance and its intelligibility. The historical and legal distinction, of which its rationality is highly questionable, is in fact based on a device. Therefore, it is advisable to proceed to a new definition of the relationship between personality traits and allocation to the public utility located at the base of the concept of public property, and to propose the abolition of this summa divisio which has become anachronistic and even illogical. Because the public goods belong in principle to public entities who serve more or less public interest, this line of thought seems to be particularly appropriate for a future reform of the law on public property.

A presente pesquisa visa compreender como se dá a produção da natureza conservada sob o capitalismo hoje, por meio da análise do processo de implantação do Mosaico Jacupiranga (MOJAC). Para isso, discute as tensões em torno da propriedade privada da terra, geradas na sua relação contraditória com o uso comum da terra e da natureza das comunidades quilombolas da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Quilombos de Barra do Turvo (RDSQBT), UC que compõe o MOJAC na sua porção que se localiza no município de Barra do Turvo-SP. A partir da análise dos negócios e disputas em torno da renda da terra, acirrados com a implantação do mosaico, assim como dos conflitos gerados pela gestão do MOJAC, a pesquisa enfoca as contradições presentes no processo de produção dessa natureza conservada. O processo de produção da natureza se realiza por meio de um conjunto de práticas, regulações, imposições de novos significados e conflitos em torno da apropriação da natureza, e as próprias formas e dinâmicas que daí resultam, sem que se possa ignorar as determinações resultantes dos processos biofísicos. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas com os atores envolvidos nesse processo e realização de trabalhos de campo examinamos como a política de conservação ambiental caminho encontrado para assegurar o território das comunidades quilombolas que secularmente ocupam a região de Barra do Turvo - vem, contraditoriamente, colaborando para a manutenção do conflito fundiário que envolve a área. Além disso, discutimos os limites da reprodução do uso comum praticado pelas comunidades responsável até então pela conservação dos remanescentes florestais da mata atlântica na região frente ao seu enquadramento às normas que regulam a conservação ambiental, geradas e impostas pela sociedade cuja relação com a natureza é mediada pela propriedade privada e a realização do lucro. / This research aims to understand the production of the conserved nature in todays capitalism, by means of the analysis of the implementation process of the Jacupiranga Mosaic (MOJAC). Therefore, it discusses the tensions regarding the lands private property generated in its contradictory relationship with the common use of the land and nature of the quilombola (slave refugee) communities of the Sustainable Development Reserve of Quilombos of Barra do Turvo (RDSQBT), UC that composes the MOJAC in its portion located in the municipality of Barra do Turvo-SP. From the analysis of businesses and disputes regarding the land rent, which were intensified by the mosaics implementation, as well as the conflicts generated by the MOJACs management, the research focuses on the existing contradictions of the production process of such conserved nature. The natures production process is carried out by a set of practices, regulations, impositions of new meanings and conflicts regarding appropriation of the nature, and the forms and dynamics themselves resulting therefrom, whereas the determinations resulting from the biophysical processes cannot be disregarded. From the bibliographic and documental research, interviews with players involved in such process and performance of fieldwork, we examined how the environmental conservation policy the way found to guarantee the quilombola communities territory that secularly occupy the region of Barra do Turvo has been contradictorily collaborating to supporting the agrarian conflict involving the area. Furthermore, we examine the limits of the reproduction of the community common use pratices so far, responsible for the conservation of the remaining Atlantic forest in the region considering the rules that regulate environmental conservation, created and imposed by society, whose relationship with nature is measured by private property and profit generation.

A metrópole de São Paulo revela inúmeros conflitos com diferentes conteúdos permeados por distintas lógicas de ocupação da terra. Um desses conflitos sobre o qual se pretende refletir a partir de uma leitura geográfica envolve a lógica de ocupação capitalista, pautada na mercadoria, no lucro e na acumulação das riquezas, e está fundamentada na propriedade privada capitalista da terra; por outro lado, a lógica de ocupação indígena Guarani está alicerçada no uso e na apropriação comunitária de suas terras baseados em sua cultura, no seu modo de ser/viver (nhandereko) e na sua compreensão cosmológica sobre o mundo. Para revelar esse conflito parte-se da hipótese de que são lógicas de ocupação antagônicas, distintas, que se opõem, não se isolam e se realizam contraditoriamente ao se constituir uma pela forma da outra. Isto porque atualmente a ocupação indígena se faz cada vez mais possível, diante da hegemonia da lógica capitalista, pelas demarcações de Terras Indígenas (TI) ou pela aquisição de terras decorrentes das compensações pelos impactos das grandes obras de infraestrutura que atingem os Guarani. Enquanto que a lógica capitalista se desenvolve por um movimento desigual e contraditório permitindo que existam ocupações com lógicas e conteúdos diferentes que se articulam. Movimento que contempla também seu fundamento, a propriedade privada capitalista, que se constitui historicamente pela utilização de relações não capitalistas como as diferentes formas de apropriação privada das terras, das quais se destaca a tomada das terras dos indígenas, por exemplo. Fica explícito que a propriedade privada capitalista da terra se coloca como barreira à reprodução dos Guarani, em um contexto em que ela possui importância inegável tanto no plano econômico como no plano político. Contudo, ao mesmo tempo os Guarani resistem e lutam para permanecer e retomar suas terras. O caminho proposto para análise das contradições e do contínuo processo de luta pela terra dos Guarani em São Paulo se fará por meio da tríade: expropriação, resistência e retomada. Mostra-se que o processo de expropriação traz inelutavelmente consigo a sua negação, a resistência, que se realiza pelos indígenas enquanto prática e pelas estratégias de continuidade de sua existência (física e espiritual). Na superação dos dois termos (expropriação/resistência) se apresenta a retomada de suas terras, enquanto ação prática e devir, porque guarda um contínuo de ameaça de expropriação de suas terras e ações de resistência indígena. / The metropolis of São Paulo reveals several conflicts with different contents pervaded by different logics of land occupying. One of these conflicts about which a reflection on geographical basis is intented involves a logic of capitalist occupation, based on commodity, profit and wealth accumulation, and has as foundation the capitalist private property of the land; on the other hand, the logic of the Guarani indigenous occupation is sustained by the use and communitary appropriation of their lands based on their culture, their way of living/being (nhandereko) and their cosmological comprehension of the world. In order to reveal this conflict, it is assumed that they are antagonist and distinct logic of occupation, that oppose each other, arent isolated and are contradictorily fulfilled by their constitution on one another. This is due to the fact that, nowadays, the indigenous occupation is increasingly possible, in face of the hegemony of capitalist logic, whether because of indigenous land demarcation or land purchase resulting from impacts of huge infrastructure work that affect the Guarani. Meanwhile, the capitalist logic develops through an unequal and contradictory movement, allowing occupations with different logic and contents, in conjoint articulation. This movement contemplates as well its foundation, the capitalist private property, that is historically constituted by the use of non-capitalist relations as distinguished ways of private appropriation of land, from which is highlighted, for instance, the taking of land from the indigenous people. It is explicit that capitalist private property of land is an obstacle to the Guaranis reproduction, a scenery in which it has undeniable importance, in the economic scope, as well as in the political scope. However, at the same time, the Guarani resist and fight to stay in their lands. The path proposed for this analisis of the contradictions and continuous process of struggle for land of the Guarani from São Paulo will be presented by the following triad: expropriation, resistance and recovery. It is shown that the expropriation process brings ineluctably with it its denial, resistance, that is accomplished by the indigenous people as practice and by continuity strategies of their existence (physical and spiritual). On the overcoming of both terms (expropriation/resistance), it is presented the recovery of their lands, while practical action and transformation, because it retains a continuous expropriation threat of their lands and actions of indigenous resistance.

Freedom of movement is a matter of individual freedom rather than only a tool for addressing global distributive injustice. Freedom of movement has normative value whether or not it concerns interstate borders. Migration, in the sense of interstate relocation, is a subcategory of movement, which can involve travel, temporary relocation or permanent relocation--a brief walk, or a move halfway around the world. My argument about freedom of movement has two essential elements: first, that freedom of movement has noninstrumental value, not only instrumental value, and that it deserves more weight and attention than liberals usually give it; and second, I justify this and its implications by emphasizing the cross-scalar connections between local and global movement and showing that the difference between internal and interstate movement is not as significant as is usually assumed to be. Freedom of movement is proposed as a unit of concern and a matter of degree, with principles and restrictions functioning in parallel at both levels. The cohesive account of liberal freedom of movement offers the chance to think about people moving and staying as one overarching category. This challenges the characterization of migration as anomalous and captures the chance to treat like cases alike. Chapter Two makes an argument for freedom of movement as a noninstrumental liberal value to which the normative weight of the instrumental value of freedom of movement is added. Chapter Three explores small-scale movement in the countryside and the city and proposes a stronger valuation of freedom of movement particularly vis-à-vis private property rights. Chapter Four considers theoretical and legal arguments involving intrafederal movement in the United States and Germany and compares intrafederal exit to exit from the state. Chapter Five considers several free movement regimes in Europe to draw out the similarities between interstate, intrafederal, and local movement. Throughout these chapters I show that there are many legitimate ways in which freedom of movement can and should be restricted at the internal level, but this is not sufficient to conclude that interstate movement can be arbitrarily restricted. / Government

The borrowers in the mortgage market consist of both households and companies. Themain source for financing a property weather it is a private property or a real estateproperty is a mortgage. When granting a mortgage the bank incurs a risk. It is importantfor banks to minimise the risk since an unstable market can affect not only the bank andits customers but society as a whole. This thesis concerns the credit granting processand the difference in credit granting for households and companies and if there is aneed of a difference between the processes.The research method used for this report is a deductive approach with qualitativeresearch performed through in-depth, face-to-face interviews. As the number of banksin question is small we have used a case study approach which is suitable as focus lies onthe processes rather than the outcome of credit granting.The assessment of creditworthiness and repayment ability is the most important factorsof the credit granting processes for both parts of the market. There are differencesbetween the credit granting processes between the different parts of the market. Whenassessing the creditworthiness and repayment ability of a company there are moreparameters to evaluate. The mortgage amount for a real estate is greater than the one ofa private property and the private part of the market is regulated to a greater extent. Thefocus on the private part of the market is consumer protection and on the corporatepart the banks credit risk. Differences between the processes are needed for the bank tobe able to assess the creditworthiness and repayment ability for both households andcompanies in debt to decrease their credit risk. / Låntagarna på bostadsfinansieringsmarknaden består av både privatpersoner ochföretag. Bostäder finansieras oftast av banker oavsett om det är ett privat bostadsköpeller ett fastighetsköp. När banker beviljar ett lån utsätts de för en risk. Det är viktigt förbankerna att minimera kreditrisker eftersom en ostabil marknad kan påverka inte barabanken och dess kunder utan även samhället. Denna kandidatuppsats handlar omkreditgivningsprocessen och dess skillnader mellan privatpersoner och företag och omdet behövs en skillnad.Forskningsmetoden vi använt oss är en deduktiv ansats, men kvalitativa undersökningargjorda genom djupgående, personliga intervjuer. Eftersom det enbart var ett fåtal bankermed i underökningen valde vi att använda oss av en fallstudie, det var passande då fokusligger på kreditgivningsprocessen och inte utkomsten av densamma.Bedömningen av en kunds kreditvärdighet och återbetalningsförmåga är grunden förkreditgivningsprocessen för båda delarna av marknaden. Det finns skillnader mellankreditgivningsprocessen mellan privatpersoner och företag. När kreditvärdigheten ochåterbetalningsförmågan bedöms för ett företag är det fler parametrar som måstebedömas. Ett fastighetslån uppgår ofta till ett högre värde än ett bostadslån ochprivatsidan är till en större del styrd av lagar. Fokuset på privatsidan ligger påkonsumentskydd medans företagssidan är mer inriktad på bankens minimering avkreditrisk. Skillnaderna i processerna är nödvändiga på grund utav att banken måstekunna bedöma kreditvärdigheten och återbetalningsförmågan ordentligt för attminimera sin kreditrisk.

This paper presents the issue of endangered species from a Law & Economic's perspective. In this way, instead of defending the creation of legal mechanisms oriented to public protection of animals (seen as a heritage of humanity), the author maintains the reasons why animals should be considered under a private property regime that provides incentives for their care and for productivity. / Revisión por pares

A metrópole de São Paulo revela inúmeros conflitos com diferentes conteúdos permeados por distintas lógicas de ocupação da terra. Um desses conflitos sobre o qual se pretende refletir a partir de uma leitura geográfica envolve a lógica de ocupação capitalista, pautada na mercadoria, no lucro e na acumulação das riquezas, e está fundamentada na propriedade privada capitalista da terra; por outro lado, a lógica de ocupação indígena Guarani está alicerçada no uso e na apropriação comunitária de suas terras baseados em sua cultura, no seu modo de ser/viver (nhandereko) e na sua compreensão cosmológica sobre o mundo. Para revelar esse conflito parte-se da hipótese de que são lógicas de ocupação antagônicas, distintas, que se opõem, não se isolam e se realizam contraditoriamente ao se constituir uma pela forma da outra. Isto porque atualmente a ocupação indígena se faz cada vez mais possível, diante da hegemonia da lógica capitalista, pelas demarcações de Terras Indígenas (TI) ou pela aquisição de terras decorrentes das compensações pelos impactos das grandes obras de infraestrutura que atingem os Guarani. Enquanto que a lógica capitalista se desenvolve por um movimento desigual e contraditório permitindo que existam ocupações com lógicas e conteúdos diferentes que se articulam. Movimento que contempla também seu fundamento, a propriedade privada capitalista, que se constitui historicamente pela utilização de relações não capitalistas como as diferentes formas de apropriação privada das terras, das quais se destaca a tomada das terras dos indígenas, por exemplo. Fica explícito que a propriedade privada capitalista da terra se coloca como barreira à reprodução dos Guarani, em um contexto em que ela possui importância inegável tanto no plano econômico como no plano político. Contudo, ao mesmo tempo os Guarani resistem e lutam para permanecer e retomar suas terras. O caminho proposto para análise das contradições e do contínuo processo de luta pela terra dos Guarani em São Paulo se fará por meio da tríade: expropriação, resistência e retomada. Mostra-se que o processo de expropriação traz inelutavelmente consigo a sua negação, a resistência, que se realiza pelos indígenas enquanto prática e pelas estratégias de continuidade de sua existência (física e espiritual). Na superação dos dois termos (expropriação/resistência) se apresenta a retomada de suas terras, enquanto ação prática e devir, porque guarda um contínuo de ameaça de expropriação de suas terras e ações de resistência indígena. / The metropolis of São Paulo reveals several conflicts with different contents pervaded by different logics of land occupying. One of these conflicts about which a reflection on geographical basis is intented involves a logic of capitalist occupation, based on commodity, profit and wealth accumulation, and has as foundation the capitalist private property of the land; on the other hand, the logic of the Guarani indigenous occupation is sustained by the use and communitary appropriation of their lands based on their culture, their way of living/being (nhandereko) and their cosmological comprehension of the world. In order to reveal this conflict, it is assumed that they are antagonist and distinct logic of occupation, that oppose each other, arent isolated and are contradictorily fulfilled by their constitution on one another. This is due to the fact that, nowadays, the indigenous occupation is increasingly possible, in face of the hegemony of capitalist logic, whether because of indigenous land demarcation or land purchase resulting from impacts of huge infrastructure work that affect the Guarani. Meanwhile, the capitalist logic develops through an unequal and contradictory movement, allowing occupations with different logic and contents, in conjoint articulation. This movement contemplates as well its foundation, the capitalist private property, that is historically constituted by the use of non-capitalist relations as distinguished ways of private appropriation of land, from which is highlighted, for instance, the taking of land from the indigenous people. It is explicit that capitalist private property of land is an obstacle to the Guaranis reproduction, a scenery in which it has undeniable importance, in the economic scope, as well as in the political scope. However, at the same time, the Guarani resist and fight to stay in their lands. The path proposed for this analisis of the contradictions and continuous process of struggle for land of the Guarani from São Paulo will be presented by the following triad: expropriation, resistance and recovery. It is shown that the expropriation process brings ineluctably with it its denial, resistance, that is accomplished by the indigenous people as practice and by continuity strategies of their existence (physical and spiritual). On the overcoming of both terms (expropriation/resistance), it is presented the recovery of their lands, while practical action and transformation, because it retains a continuous expropriation threat of their lands and actions of indigenous resistance.

A presente pesquisa visa compreender como se dá a produção da natureza conservada sob o capitalismo hoje, por meio da análise do processo de implantação do Mosaico Jacupiranga (MOJAC). Para isso, discute as tensões em torno da propriedade privada da terra, geradas na sua relação contraditória com o uso comum da terra e da natureza das comunidades quilombolas da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Quilombos de Barra do Turvo (RDSQBT), UC que compõe o MOJAC na sua porção que se localiza no município de Barra do Turvo-SP. A partir da análise dos negócios e disputas em torno da renda da terra, acirrados com a implantação do mosaico, assim como dos conflitos gerados pela gestão do MOJAC, a pesquisa enfoca as contradições presentes no processo de produção dessa natureza conservada. O processo de produção da natureza se realiza por meio de um conjunto de práticas, regulações, imposições de novos significados e conflitos em torno da apropriação da natureza, e as próprias formas e dinâmicas que daí resultam, sem que se possa ignorar as determinações resultantes dos processos biofísicos. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas com os atores envolvidos nesse processo e realização de trabalhos de campo examinamos como a política de conservação ambiental caminho encontrado para assegurar o território das comunidades quilombolas que secularmente ocupam a região de Barra do Turvo - vem, contraditoriamente, colaborando para a manutenção do conflito fundiário que envolve a área. Além disso, discutimos os limites da reprodução do uso comum praticado pelas comunidades responsável até então pela conservação dos remanescentes florestais da mata atlântica na região frente ao seu enquadramento às normas que regulam a conservação ambiental, geradas e impostas pela sociedade cuja relação com a natureza é mediada pela propriedade privada e a realização do lucro. / This research aims to understand the production of the conserved nature in todays capitalism, by means of the analysis of the implementation process of the Jacupiranga Mosaic (MOJAC). Therefore, it discusses the tensions regarding the lands private property generated in its contradictory relationship with the common use of the land and nature of the quilombola (slave refugee) communities of the Sustainable Development Reserve of Quilombos of Barra do Turvo (RDSQBT), UC that composes the MOJAC in its portion located in the municipality of Barra do Turvo-SP. From the analysis of businesses and disputes regarding the land rent, which were intensified by the mosaics implementation, as well as the conflicts generated by the MOJACs management, the research focuses on the existing contradictions of the production process of such conserved nature. The natures production process is carried out by a set of practices, regulations, impositions of new meanings and conflicts regarding appropriation of the nature, and the forms and dynamics themselves resulting therefrom, whereas the determinations resulting from the biophysical processes cannot be disregarded. From the bibliographic and documental research, interviews with players involved in such process and performance of fieldwork, we examined how the environmental conservation policy the way found to guarantee the quilombola communities territory that secularly occupy the region of Barra do Turvo has been contradictorily collaborating to supporting the agrarian conflict involving the area. Furthermore, we examine the limits of the reproduction of the community common use pratices so far, responsible for the conservation of the remaining Atlantic forest in the region considering the rules that regulate environmental conservation, created and imposed by society, whose relationship with nature is measured by private property and profit generation.