Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T13:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Braga Cliquet.pdf: 2818491 bytes, checksum: cdbeaf5a4764478e70c1f9560994699f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Changes in the curriculum of medical courses in the world were defined in Brazil by the National Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Medicine (DCNM) in 2001, aiming to cater for the needs of the national social reality through training of professionals in order to equip them with knowledge, competences and skills (general and specific) required for practice. The increasing prevalence of mental disorders in Brazil shows the importance of mental health education in shaping the current doctor. Primary Objective: To evaluate the presence of contents of Mental Health in the real curriculum comprising the first four years of medical course in the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences of PUC-SP the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. Methodology: A qualitative and quantitative study. We searched whether these contents were present or not in teaching plans, and in the activities developed through teaching strategies from August 2012 to July 2013. A questionnaire was used to assess the opinion of teachers about this. Results: The pedagogical design provides these contents, but doesn t correspond to the practice. In the teacher s opinion (62,50% of the total), the majority believe that contents of mental health were present in the curriculum (72,90%), but insufficient or even absent, and poorly explored (64,30%); yet, students experience (70%), but do not learn (80%). Using the Collective Subject Discourse confirmed that the contents are not frequent in the strategies and not adequately exploited (55,55%). The theory and practice are not integrated (30,43%), learning scenarios are unsuitable for this operation (21.10%), time/organization are not enough and teachers and students are unprepared to address (13,04%) are the many reasons to this situation. Conclusions: Mental health does not have its role established in the curriculum of the FCMS and there is no standard for this construction, is seldom present in the teaching learning strategies, causing a deficiency in the learning of these contents, this was corroborated by teachers. Inserting such contents is required to prepare medical students when exposed to issues related to mental health in the context biopsicosocioambiental according to new curriculum guidelines / Mudanças nos currículos dos cursos de medicina no mundo, definidas no Brasil pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos de Graduação em Medicina em 2001, propõem-se contemplar as necessidades da realidade social através da formação de profissionais dotados de conhecimentos, competências e habilidades gerais e específicas requeridas para o exercício profissional. A prevalência crescente das doenças mentais no Brasil mostra a importância do ensino de saúde mental na formação do médico atual. Objetivo primário: Avaliar a presença de conteúdos de Saúde Mental no currículo real, nos quatro primeiros anos do curso de medicina da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde (FCMS) da PUC-SP. Metodologia: Estudo qualiquantitativo. Pesquisou-se a presença ou não desses conteúdos nos Planos de Ensino e atividades desenvolvidas nas estratégias de ensino aprendizagem desenvolvidas no período de agosto de 2012 a julho de 2013 e avaliou-se as opiniões dos professores, utilizando um questionário. Resultados: O Projeto Pedagógico prevê estes conteúdos, mas, não há correspondência efetiva na prática. Na opinião dos professores (62,5% de respondedores), em sua maioria (72,9%), entenderam que conteúdos de Saúde Mental estavam presentes no currículo, mas insuficientes ou ausentes e pouco explorados (64,3%); ainda, que os alunos vivenciam (70%), mas não aprendem (80%). Com o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo confirmou-se que os conteúdos estão pouco presentes nas estratégias e sua abordagem não é adequada (55,55%). A falta de integração entre teoria e prática (30,43%), os cenários de aprendizagem inadequados para sua exploração (21,1%), o tempo/organização curricular insuficientes (23,91%) e o despreparo de professores e alunos (13,04%) são os principais motivos. Conclusões: A Saúde Mental não tem seu papel estabelecido no currículo do curso de medicina da FCMS e não há uma padronização para sua construção, está pouco presente nas estratégias de ensino aprendizagem, gerando deficiência nos conteúdos de Saúde Mental, o que foi corroborado pelos professores. Inserir tais conteúdos é necessário para preparar os alunos do curso médico quando expostos a problemas relacionados à Saúde Mental no contexto biopsicosocioambiental em acordo às novas diretrizes curriculares

[Abstract]: Research has suggested that, despite support through policy and resource provision,information and communications technologies (ICTs) have made little impact on the practiceof education and that limited teacher preparation for the use of ICTs represents a partialexplanation. The purpose of this study was to investigate what form of professionaleducation might be effective in preparing pre-service teachers to integrate ICTs into theirteaching. Self-efficacy beliefs about teaching with computers were identified as a potentiallysignificant source of influence on teachers' use of ICTs for teaching. It was proposed thatinteractive multimedia using a problem-based learning design (IMM-PBL) should be aneffective tool for increasing self-efficacy. Principles for the design of IMM-PBL were derivedfrom the relevant literature.An IMM-PBL package was designed and developed for delivery in a web browser formatusing content relevant to the integration of ICTs into teaching. Interviews with and sampleresponses prepared by computer-using teachers provided the basis for ensuring therelevance of content.The completed materials were evaluated in use with a group of 24 final year pre-serviceteachers in a Queensland university. Participants in the trials reported that the materialswere engaging and assisted their learning about integrating computers in their teaching. Astatistically significant increase in self-efficacy for teaching with computers was found forusers who had initially low self-efficacy for teaching with computers.The principles proposed for IMM-PBL design were found to offer a practical basis for thedevelopment of effective learning materials. With further development, IMM-PBL promisesto be a powerful and flexible approach to supporting learning for teachers and otherprofessionals.

隨著資訊科技的發展，數位學習的觀念逐漸興起，在二十一世紀強調知識經濟的今天，自主學習及問題解決能力的養成更顯重要，而藉由網路進行問題導向合作學習，學習者可更方便的透過自主學習方式培養問題解決能力。然而學習者在進行網路合作學習的互動期間會接收到大量來自同儕的資訊，有些學習者常會因為無法判斷資訊的正確性，而無法有效選擇、判斷、分析與整合所獲得的資訊，進而觀望同儕或是意見領袖的意見。因此，本研究利用學習者在問題導向網路合作學習歷程中所產生的社會網路互動資料，利用品質Q函數結合基因算法進行社群探勘，並搭配PageRank演算法找尋出每個社群中的較意見領袖，探討採用教師直接進行資訊傳播的一級資訊傳播模式與透過社群意見領袖進行資訊傳播的二級資訊傳播模式對於學習者的學習成效、社會網路互動及團體凝聚力的影響。此外，也探討採用這兩種資訊傳播模式的不同性別及不同人格特質學習者的學習成效、社會網路互動及團體凝聚力是否具有顯著差異。 研究結果發現：(1)在問題導向網路合作學習環境下，採用發佈訊息給意見領袖之二級資訊傳播模式的實驗組學習者，在學習成效上顯著優於教師透過網站公告之一級傳播模式的控制組學習者；(2)在問題導向網路合作學習環境下，採用發佈訊息給意見領袖之二級資訊傳播模式的實驗組女性學習者，在學習成效上顯著優於透過教師網站公告之一級資訊傳播模式的控制組女性學習者，但兩組男性學習者之間則無顯著差異；(3)在問題導向網路合作學習環境下，採用發佈訊息給意見領袖之二級資訊傳播模式的實驗組學習者，在促進同儕互動成效上顯著優於教師透過網站公告之一級傳播模式的控制組學習者;(4)透過品質Q函數結合基因演算法偵測社群，以及使用PageRank找尋社群意見領袖之方法，能精確的協助教師找到問題導向網路合作學習社群之意見領袖。 最後，根據研究結果，本研究提出教學實施及未來研究方向建議，供後續研究參考以進行更深入的探究。 / The concept of e-learning gradually emerges with the development of information technology. In the 21st century when knowledge economy is emphasized, the cultivation of self-directed learning and problem-solving ability becomes more important. Learners with problem-based cooperative learning through networks can more conveniently cultivate the problem-solving ability with self-directed learning. Nonetheless, learners would receive large amount of peer information during the network cooperative learning interaction; some learners therefore could not effectively select, judge, analyze, and integrated the acquired information by judging the accuracy of information to further observe the opinions of peers or opinion leaders. For this reason, learners’ social network interaction data generated in the problem-based network cooperative learning process are proceeded community mining by combining quality function Q and genetic algorithm, and PageRank algorithm is applied to search for the opinion leader in each community in order to discuss the effects of teachers directly proceeding first-order information communication model and second-order information communication model through community opinion leaders on learners’ learning outcome, social network interaction, and group cohesiveness. Furthermore, the effects of such two information communication models on learning outcome, social network interaction, and group cohesiveness of learners with different genders and personality traits are also investigated. The research findings show (1) learners in the experimental group with second-order information communication model by distributing information to opinion leaders, under the problem-based network cooperative learning environment, significantly outperform learners in the control group with first-order communication model through network announcement on the learning outcome; (2) female learners in the experimental group with second-order information communication model by distributing information to opinion leaders, under the problem-based network cooperative learning environment, present remarkably better learning outcome than female learners in the control group with first-order information communication model through network announcement, while no significant difference appears between male learners in both groups; (3) learners in the experimental group with second-order information communication model by distributing information to opinion leaders, under the problem-based network cooperative learning, notably show better peer interaction effectiveness than learners in the control group with first-order communication model through network announcement; and (4) combining quality function Q with genetic algorithm to detect community and applying PageRank to search for community opinion leaders could accurately assist teachers in finding out the problem-based network cooperative learning community opinion leaders. Finally, suggestions for teaching practice and future research, according to the research results, are proposed in this study for successive research.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education

Community based service-learning is one of the fastest growing reforms in higher education, especially in the field of health care. The increased interest in this phenomenon is based on the demands by government and society that higher education institutions should be more responsive to the needs of the community. Literature, however, reflects that service learning lacks a sound theoretical base to guide teaching and learning due to limited research in this area. This study was, therefore, aimed at exploring the phenomenon knowledge construction in basic nursing programmes in selected South African nursing schools with the intention to generate a middle range theory that may be used to guide the process of knowledge construction in community-based service-learning programmes. This study adopted a qualitative approach and a grounded theory research design by Strauss and Corbin. Two university-based schools of nursing were purposively selected to participate in the study. There were a total number of 16 participants. The collection of data was intensified by the use of multiple sources of data (participant observation, documents analysis and in-depth structured interviews). The data analysis process entailed three phases; open, axial and selective coding. The results of the study revealed that the phenomenon “knowledge construction” is conceptualised as having specific core characteristics, which include the use of authentic health-related problems, academic coaching through scaffolding, academic discourse-dialogue and communities of learners. The findings showed that there are a number of antecedent conditions and contextual circumstances contributing to how knowledge is constructed in a community based service learning programme. The process of knowledge construction emerged as cyclical in nature, with students, facilitators and community members having specific roles to play in the process. A number of intervening variables were identified that had an influence on the expected outcomes on knowledge construction in community based service learning programmes. These findings led to the generation of a conceptual model. Knowledge construction according to this model takes place in an environment which is characterised by interactive learning, collaborative learning, actively learning and inquiry-based learning through continuous reflective learning processes. The main concepts in this conceptual model include concrete learning experiences, continuous reflection, problem posing, problem analysis, knowledge deconstruction and knowledge generation, knowledge verification, knowledge generation, testing of generated knowledge and evaluation of generated knowledge. The sub-concepts include learning through senses, an initial situation, health-related triggers, social interaction, reflection-in action, reflection-on action, hypotheses generation, conceptualisation of learning experiences, information validation and community interventions. Recommendations were categorised into education and training of academic staff, application of the model and further research with regard to quality assurance in CBSL programmes as well as the use of other research designs for similar studies. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

RÉSUMÉ L’approche d’apprentissage par problèmes (APP) a vu le jour, dans sa forme contemporaine, à la Faculté de médecine de l’Université MacMaster en Ontario (Canada) à la fin des années 1960. Très rapidement cette nouvelle approche pédagogique active, centrée sur l’étudiant et basée sur les problèmes biomédicaux, va être adoptée par de nombreuses facultés de médecine de par le monde et gagner d’autres disciplines. Cependant, malgré ce succès apparent, l’APP est aussi une approche controversée, notamment en éducation médicale, où elle a été accusée de favoriser un apprentissage superficiel. Par ailleurs, les étudiants formés par cette approche réussiraient moins bien que les autres aux tests évaluant l’acquisition des concepts scientifiques de base, et il n’a jamais été prouvé que les médecins formés par l’APP seraient meilleurs que les autres. Pour mieux comprendre ces résultats, la présente recherche a voulu explorer l’apprentissage de ces concepts scientifiques, en tant que processus de construction, chez des étudiants formés par l’APP, à la Faculté de médecine de l’Université de Montréal, en nous appuyant sur le cadre théorique socioconstructivisme de Vygotski. Pour cet auteur, la formation des concepts est un processus complexe de construction de sens, en plusieurs étapes, qui ne peut se concevoir que dans le cadre d’une résolution de problèmes. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cas, multicas, intrasite, les cas étant deux groupes de neuf étudiants en médecine avec leur tuteur, que nous avons suivi pendant une session complète de la mi-novembre à la mi-décembre 2007. Deux grands objectifs étaient poursuivis: premièrement, fournir des analyses détaillées et des matériaux réflectifs et théoriques susceptibles de rendre compte du phénomène de construction des concepts scientifiques de base par des étudiants en médecine dans le contexte de l’APP. Deuxièmement, explorer, les approches de travail personnel des étudiants, lors de la phase de travail individuel, afin de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : Comment la dynamique pédagogique de l’APP en médecine permet-elle de rendre compte de l’apprentissage des concepts scientifiques de base? Il s’agissait d’une étude qualitative et les données ont été recueillies par différents moyens : observation non participante et enregistrement vidéo des tutoriaux d’APP, interview semi-structuré des étudiants, discussion avec les tuteurs et consultation de leurs manuels, puis traitées par diverses opérations: transcription des enregistrements, regroupement, classification. L’analyse a porté sur des collections de verbatim issus des transcriptions, sur le suivi de la construction des concepts à travers le temps et les sessions, sur le role du tuteur pour aider au développement de ces concepts Les analyses suggèrent que l’approche d’APP est, en général, bien accueillie, et les débats sont soutenus, avec en moyenne entre trois et quatre échanges par minute. Par rapport au premier objectif, nous avons effectivement fourni des explications détaillées sur la dynamique de construction des concepts qui s'étend lors des trois phases de l'APP, à savoir la phase aller, la phase de recherche individuelle et la phase retour. Pour chaque cas étudié, nous avons mis en évidence les représentations conceptuelles initiales à la phase aller, co-constructions des étudiants, sous la guidance du tuteur et nous avons suivi la transformation de ces concepts spontanés naïfs, lors des discussions de la phase retour. Le choix du cadre théorique socio constructiviste de Vygotski nous a permis de réfléchir sur le rôle de médiation joué par les composantes du système interactif de l'APP, que nous avons considéré comme une zone proximale de développement (ZPD) au sens élargi, qui sont le problème, le tuteur, l'étudiant et ses pairs, les ressources, notamment l'artefact graphique carte conceptuelle utilisée de façon intensive lors des tutoriaux aller et retour, pour arriver à la construction des concepts scientifiques. Notre recherche a montré qu'en revenant de leurs recherches, les étudiants avaient trois genres de représentations conceptuelles: des concepts corrects, des concepts incomplets et des concepts erronés. Il faut donc que les concepts scientifiques théoriques soient à leur tour confrontés au problème concret, dans l'interaction sociale pour une validation des attributs qui les caractérisent. Dans cette interaction, le tuteur joue un rôle clé complexe de facilitateur, de médiateur, essentiellement par le langage. L'analyse thématique de ses interventions a permis d'en distinguer cinq types: la gestion du groupe, l'argumentation, les questions de différents types, le modelling et les conclusions. Nous avons montré le lien entre les questions du tuteur et le type de réponses des étudiants, pour recommander un meilleur équilibre entre les différents types de questions. Les étudiants, également par les échanges verbaux, mais aussi par la construction collective des cartes conceptuelles initiales et définitives, participent à une co-construction de ces concepts. L'analyse de leurs interactions nous a permis de relever différentes fonctions du langage, pour souligner l'intérêt des interactions argumentatives, marqueurs d'un travail collaboratif en profondeur pour la co-construction des concepts Nous avons aussi montré l'intérêt des cartes conceptuelles non seulement pour visualiser les concepts, mais aussi en tant qu'artefact, outil de médiation psychique à double fonction communicative et sémiotique. Concernant le second objectif, l’exploration du travail personnel des étudiants, on constate que les étudiants de première année font un travail plus approfondi de recherche, et utilisent plus souvent des stratégies de lecture plus efficaces que leurs collègues de deuxième année. Ceux-ci se contentent, en général, des ouvrages de référence, font de simples lectures et s’appuient beaucoup sur les résumés faits par leurs prédécesseurs. Le recours aux ouvrages de référence essentiellement comme source d'information apporte une certaine pauvreté au débat à la phase retour avec peu d'échanges de type argumentatif, témoins d'un travail profond. Ainsi donc, par tout ce soutien qu'elle permet d'apporter aux étudiants pour la construction de leurs connaissances, pour le type d'apprentissage qu'elle offre, l’APP reste une approche unique, digne d’intérêt. Cependant, elle nécessite d'être améliorée par des interventions au niveau du tuteur et des étudiants. / ABSTRACT The Problem-based learning (PBL) approach was developed, in its contemporary form, at the Faculty of Medicine, of MacMaster University in Ontario (Canada) in the late 1960s. Very quickly, this new active pedagogical approach, student-centered and based on biomedical problems, will be adopted by many medical schools around the world and used also in other disciplines. Despite its apparent success, however, PBL is also a controversial approach, particularly in medical education, where it has been blamed for promoting superficial learning. Furthermore, it has been documented that students trained by this approach, tend to be less successful at tests assessing the acquisition of basic scientific concepts.To what degree doctors trained by PBL excel in their work as doctors, remains to be determined as well. To better understand these results, this study sought to explore further the construction of scientific concepts, in the context of PBL, at the Faculty of Medicine, of Université de Montréal. The study is grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and its inherent treatment of concepts’ formation as a complex construction process of meaning. We conducted a case study, multiple cases in the same site, the cases being two groups of nine medical students with their tutor that we followed during a full session, from mid-November to mid-December 2007. Two major objectives guided the study: First, we sought to offer a detailed study of the process of meaning making and development of scientific concepts by medical students in the context of PBL. Second, we studied students’ individual work that followed initial tutor mediated discussion of the case, and preceded the return session. We tried to answer to the following research question: How do the dynamics of PBL in medicine support students’construction of scientific concepts? The study was qualitative in nature, and data were collected through various means: no participant observation, video recordings of PBL tutorial sessions, semi-structured interviews of students, discussion with tutors and the consultation of their manuals. Analysis entailed the verbatim transcriptions of the observed problem solving sessions and interviews, and in turn inductive data analysis of concept formation accross time and over session. Through the grouping and classification of data and study of evolution of concepts over time, insights could be gathered into students’development of scientific concepts and the tutor’s role in this construction. Analysis suggests that PBL approach is generally well received, and discussions are lively, with an average of three to four exchanges per minute. Considering the first goal, we offered detailed explanations of the dynamics of concepts’ building that extends in all three phases of the PBL, namely the initial phase, the individual student research phase and the return phase. For each case studied, we highlighted the initial conceptual representations, resulting of students’ interactions, under the guidance of the tutor, and followed their transformation, through discussions at return phase. The choice of social constructivist theoretical framework of Vygotsky has allowed us to reflect on the mediation role played by components of the interactive system of PBL, that we considered as a zone of proximal development (ZPD) in a broader sense, and which are the problem, the tutor, the student and his peers, resources, including graphics artifact conceptual map, used extensively in all tutorials, to support the construction of scientific concepts. Our research has shown that students developed three kinds of conceptual representations: correct concepts, incomplete concepts and misconceptions, returning from their research. So, it is necessary, through social interaction, that attributes of scientific theoretical concepts be validated by facing the practical problem. In this interaction the tutor plays a key complex role of facilitator, mediator, mainly through language. Thematic analysis of his interventions helped to distinguish five themes: group management, arguments, questions of different types, modeling and conclusions. We have shown the link between tutor’s questions and the type of student responses, to recommend a better balance between different types of tutor’s questions. Students, also by verbal exchanges and by the collective construction of initial and final concept maps participate in the co-construction of these concepts. Analysis of their interactions enabled us to identify different functions of language, to emphasize the importance of argumentative interactions, markers of in depth collaborative work. We also showed interest of concept maps not only to visualize the concepts, but also as artifacts and tools of psychic mediation that play both, communicative and semiotics functions, in the development of scientifically sound concepts. Regarding the second objective, the exploration of students’ personal work, we found that first year students pursued a more thorough search, and relied on more effective reading strategies than their second year colleagues. These second year students relied more on reference books, reading simply and relying heavily on the summaries made by their predecessors, which is suggestive of a more superficial learning. Those students also, relied more on tutor. By using textbooks essentially as information source, debates were marked by cognitive low level exchanges, leading to little argumentative exchange and lack of deep and engaging collaborative work. Overall, however, the research suggests PBL is a unique, worthwhile pedagogical approach, offering students with opportunities to construct new conceptual understandings of complex medical concepts with help of a team within the zone of proximal development. But it requires to be improved by interventions concerning both tutors and students.

Professional competencies are explicitly identified in the primary learning outcomes for science and engineering degrees at many tertiary institutions.  Fulfillment of the requirements to equip our students with these skills, while formally acknowledged as important by all stakeholders, can be hard to demonstrate in practice.  Most degree awarding institutions would have difficulties if asked to document where in degree programs such competencies are developed. The work in this thesis addresses the issue of professional competencies from several angles.  The Open-Ended Group Project (OEGP) concept is introduced and proposed as an approach to constructing learning environments in which students’ development of professional competencies can be stimulated and assessed.  Scholarly, research-based development of the IT in Society course unit (ITiS) is described and analyzed in order to present ideas for tailoring OEGP-based course units towards meeting learning objectives related to professional competence.  Work in this thesis includes an examination of both the meanings attributed to the term professional competencies, and methods which can be used to assess the competencies once they are agreed on. The empirical work on developing ITiS is based on a framework for educational research, which has been both refined and extended as an integral part of my research.  The action research methodology is presented and concrete examples of implementations of different pedagogical interventions, based on the methodology, are given.  The framework provides support for relating a theoretical foundation to studies, or development, of learning environments.  The particular theoretical foundation for the examples in this thesis includes, apart from the action research methodology, constructivism, conceptual change, threshold concepts, communities of practice, ill-structured problem solving, the reflective practicum, and problem based learning. The key finding in this thesis is that development and assessment of professional competencies is not a pipe dream.  Assessment can be accomplished, and the OEGP concept provides a flexible base for creating an appropriate learning environment for this purpose. / <p>Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 738</p>

潛水是網路社群中的普遍行為，並且潛水者常為網路社群中的多數，通常潛水者從社群中獲取得多，但卻貢獻得少，雖然對於整體社群無害，但對於網路社群的貢獻卻相當有限，無助於整體社群的發展與成長。因此，如何激發潛水者更積極參與互動討論，樂於貢獻一己之力，對於網路社群的發展甚為關鍵。特別是在數位學習環境中，更應該積極發展有效激發潛水者策略，以促進潛水者更積極參與社群互動討論的意願，提昇整體社群合作學習動力。而透過讓潛水者感受到自己參與社群互動的重要，提昇潛水者的社會知覺，是否有助於激發潛水者表現出更積極的互動行為，值得進行深入的探討。 因此，本研究基於提昇潛水者的社會知覺，於問題導向學習環境中發展「社會互動排名」與「學習夥伴推薦」激勵機制，以探究其對於激發潛水者在社群互動之「討論區與訊息區的文章張貼篇數及內容層次」、「四階段問題導向學習閱讀心得寫作成效」，以及學習社群中的「網路密度」、「網路直徑」、「中心度」。除此之外，也探究「外向－內向」、「人際和諧－人際問題」、「信任感－迫害感」等基本人格特質，是否與潛水者被激發與否的成效有關，進而歸納激發潛水者的具體有效策略。 研究結果顯示，具「社會互動排名」與「學習夥伴推薦」激勵機制之問題導向學習平台，對於提昇社群討論互動以及學習成效具有正向顯著效益；激勵機制確實能有效激發潛水者，降低潛水情形，並且實施激勵機制對於凝聚整體學習社群網絡亦具有正向的效用。 / Lurking is a common behavior in the network community, and lurkers often take the majority in the network community. They often get more from the community, but give less to it. To the whole community, although it doesn’t do any harm, the contribution they make to the network community is so limited, which can’t help the development and growth of the entire community. Therefore, it is quite crucial for the development of the network community about how to motivate the lurkers to participate in the interactive discussion and contribute to the community actively. Especially in the digital learning environment, it should actively develop the strategies to motivate the lurkers effectively, so as to promote the willingness of the lurkers to participate in the interactive discussion of the community more actively. In this way, it can improve the driving force of the cooperative learning in the community. It deserves deep exploration about whether it can help to motivate the lurkers to present more active behaviors in the interaction by making them feel important to participate in the community interaction and improving their social awareness. Therefore, based on the purpose of improving the social awareness of the lurkers, this study develops the motivation mechanism of “social interaction ranking” and ” learning partner recommendation” in the learning-oriented environment to explore the effects of motivating the lurkers in the community interaction, such as “the number and content levels of the articles posted in the forum and bulletin board”, “writing effects of the four-stage problem-based learning and reading”, as well as the “network density”, “network diameter” and “concentration” in the learning community. Besides, it also discusses whether the basic personality is correlated to the effect of motivating the lurkers, including “introversion-extraversion”, “interpersonal problems- interpersonal harmony”, “sense of persecution- sense of trust”, so as to further summarize the concrete and effective strategies of motivating the lurkers. The study results show the problem-based learning platform with the motivation mechanism of “social interaction ranking” and ” learning partner recommendation” show positive and significant benefits to improve the social discussion interaction and learning effect. Moreover, the motivation mechanism system is proven to motivate the lurkers and reduce the lurking situation effectively, and the practice of the motivation mechanism system has positive effect on the cohesion of the whole learning community.

Acompanha produção técnica: O ensino de estatística na educação de jovens e adultos: contribuições da metodologia da resolução de problemas para o ensino médio / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as possíveis contribuições da metodologia da resolução de problemas para o ensino de Estatística, na Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA, voltadas ao ensino de Matemática no Ensino Médio. Ele foi desenvolvido a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: em que medida a metodologia da resolução de problemas pode contribuir para o ensino de Estatística, no Ensino Médio, na modalidade da EJA? A pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo aplicada, foi desenvolvida em 2017 em duas turmas da EJA, de Ensino Médio, em um colégio público estadual do município de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados foram a análise documental, o questionário, os registros em diário de campo e a observação. A metodologia da pesquisa foi fundamentada em Moreira e Caleffe (2008), Chizzotti (2003), Moraes e Galiazzi (2016) e Pereira (2017). O referencial teórico foi construído em diálogo com os seguintes autores da Educação Estatística: Lopes (2010a, 2010b), Silva (2013b), Cazorla (2010), Nacarato e Lopes (2005), Brasil (2002a, 2000d, 2006b, 2012), Paraná (2012), dentre outros. A fundamentação teórica sobre resolução de problemas em matemática apoiou-se em Paiva e Rêgo (2010), Zuffi e Onuchic (2007), Polya (1995), Onuchic (1999), Van de Walle (2009), dentre outros. Foram analisados os seguintes documentos sobre a EJA: Brasil (2000a, 2000b, 2000c, 2006), Paraná (2006). Primeiramente foi aplicado um questionário para levantar o perfil socioeducacional dos alunos da EJA. Uma Sequência de Ensino – SE foi elaborada com base no referencial teórico contendo os seguintes conteúdos: a) dado estatístico; b) variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas; c) coleta e organização de dados estatísticos secundários; d) representação tabular: tabelas simples, de dupla entrada; e) análise de gráficos; f) medidas de tendência central: média aritmética, moda e mediana, e a metodologia da resolução de problemas proposta por Onuchic (1999) fundamentou a sua elaboração. Durante a realização das atividades das SE foi possível perceber o interesse e motivação dos alunos para realização das atividades contribuindo para a aprendizagem dos conteúdos propostos. A metodologia da resolução de problemas, utilizada nas SE, proporcionou liberdade aos alunos para construírem os argumentos e as respostas das atividades propostas, o que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da autonomia e criticidade dos estudantes. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a formalização dos conceitos pelo professor é de extrema relevância, porque juntos, professor e alunos, discutem as tentativas de resolução do problema proposto. Conclui-se que a metodologia da resolução de problemas é uma das possibilidades que o professor de Matemática tem para o desenvolvimento dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem dos conteúdos curriculares, envolvendo os alunos na construção do conhecimento matemático e estatístico. Devido à especificidade da EJA, cabe ao professor fazer as escolhas mais adequadas ao contexto em que atua. Por isso, acredita-se que a pesquisa desenvolvida pode ser relevante para os professores e gestores da EJA, assim como os pesquisadores em Educação Matemática, em especial sobre o ensino de Estatística. / The present work had as objective to analyze the possible contributions of the methodology of problem solving for the teaching of Statistics, in the Education of Young and Adults - EYA, focused on the teaching of Mathematics in High School. It was developed from the following guiding question: to what extent can the methodology of problem solving contribute to the teaching of Statistics in High School, in the EYA modality? The qualitative research, of the applied type, was developed in 2017 in two classes of EYA, of High School, in a state public college in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The data collection procedures were the documentary analysis, the questionnaire, the field diary records and the observation. The methodology of the research was based on Moreira and Caleffe (2008), Chizzotti (2003), Moraes and Galiazzi (2016) and Pereira (2017). The theoretical framework was constructed in dialogue with the following authors of Statistical Education: Lopes (2010a, 2010b), Silva (2013b), Cazorla (2010), Nacarato and Lopes (2005), Brazil (2002a, 2000d, 2006b, 2012), Paraná (2012), among others. The theoretical basis for solving problems in mathematics was based on Paiva and Rêgo (2010), Zuffi and Onuchic (2007), Polya (1995), Onuchic (1999), Van de Walle (2009), among others. The following documents on the EYA were analyzed: Brazil (2000a, 2000b, 2000c, 2006), Paraná (2006). Firstly, a questionnaire was applied to raise the socio-educational profile of the students of the EYA. A Sequence of Teaching – ST was elaborated based on the theoretical reference containing the following contents: a) statistical data; b) qualitative and quantitative variables; c) collection and organization of secondary statistical data; d) tabular representation: simple tables, double entry; e) graph analysis; f) measures of central tendency: arithmetic mean, fashion and median, and the methodology of problem solving proposed by Onuchic (1999) based its elaboration. During the activities of the ST it was possible to perceive the interest and motivation of the students to carry out the activities contributing to the learning of the proposed contents. The problem solving methodology used in ST provided the students with the freedom to construct the arguments and the answers of the proposed activities, which can contribute to the development of students' autonomy and criticality. The results of the research indicate that the formalization of concepts by the teacher is extremely relevant, because together, teacher and students, discuss the attempts to solve the problem proposed. It is concluded that the methodology of problem solving is one of the possibilities that the Mathematics teacher has for the development of the teaching and learning processes of the curricular contents, involving students in the construction of mathematical and statistical knowledge. Due to the specificity of the EYA, it is up to the teacher to make the most appropriate choices in the context in which he/she works. Therefore, it is believed that the research developed may be relevant to the teachers and managers of the EYA, as well as the researchers in Mathematics Education, especially on the teaching of Statistics.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Adminsitração (bibadm@ufba.br) on 2017-06-07T12:34:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lígia Alvares Mata Virgem.pdf: 4161464 bytes, checksum: 8da9f4bfc245305d0259568ca3f24b8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-06-08T19:36:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Lígia Alvares Mata Virgem.pdf: 4161464 bytes, checksum: 8da9f4bfc245305d0259568ca3f24b8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T19:36:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lígia Alvares Mata Virgem.pdf: 4161464 bytes, checksum: 8da9f4bfc245305d0259568ca3f24b8e (MD5) / Os estudos sobre a formação docente em educação profissional e tecnológica têm adquirido lugar de destaque na educação contemporânea, sobretudo no que se refere à atuação com mediação tecnológica e a habilidade da escuta atenta dos professores como forma de contribuição para potencializar as competências dos discentes e construção de conhecimento de forma autônoma. Em virtude disto, o presente trabalho apresenta o contexto da educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil, amparado pelo arcabouço teórico das metodologias ativas e interativas de ensino e aprendizagem, como a educação progressista, problem based learning, aprendizagem por projeto e o ensino on-line, como também tem fundamentação na teoria da escuta e feedback como base para o ensinar e aprender. O desenho metodológico foi estruturado em três grandes focos: estudo de caso sobre a prática de professor coach na Alemanha, trajetória de aprendizagem e carreira dos docentes do IFBA e desenvolvimento de metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem para formação docente em EPT. A pesquisa obteve como resultados: um artigo da prática do professor coach na Alemanha; um artigo sobre a trajetória de aprendizagem e ensino dos docentes do IFBA; o desenvolvimento da metodologia Aprendinsi composta por um guia de aprendizagem; um caso para ensino baseado em projeto para desenvolvimento de curso de extensão on line e um vídeo tutorial sobre a metodologia. / ABSTRACTS Studies on teacher education in vocational and technological education have acquired a prominent place in contemporary education, especially in what concerns the performance with technological mediation and the ability to listen attentively to teachers as a way to contribute to enhance the skills of students and construction Of knowledge in an autonomous way. As a result, the present work presents the context of professional and technological education in Brazil, supported by the theoretical framework of active and interactive methodologies of teaching and learning, such as progressive education, problem based learning, learning by project and online teaching , But also has a foundation in the theory of listening and feedback as a basis for teaching and learning. The methodological design was structured in three main focuses: a case study on the practice of teacher coaching in Germany, the learning and career path of IFBA teachers and the development of teaching and learning methodology for teacher training in EFA. The research obtained as results: an article of the coach teacher's practice in Germany; An article on the learning and teaching trajectory of IFBA teachers; The development of the Aprendinsi methodology composed of a learning guide; A case for project-based teaching for the development of an online extension course and a video tutorial on the methodology