O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das invalidades dos atos processuais no processo civil. Para isso, é destacado que as formas processuais são importantes, por conceder previsibilidade e organização ao procedimento, porém é certo que elas não representam um fim em si mesmo, já que o processo tem como escopo principal a entrega da prestação jurisdicional de forma célere, justa e eficaz. Nesse sentido, o trabalho identifica os atos processuais dentro do contexto geral dos atos jurídicos, todavia iluminados pelas regras de sobredireito processual: o princípio da instrumentalidade, o princípio do prejuízo, o princípio do interesse e a regra da presunção de validade dos atos. Assim, após a análise das sistematizações mais importantes feitas pela doutrina acerca das invalidades no processo civil, o trabalho destaca os passos cognitivos de um juízo de invalidação, testados em algumas das invalidades cominadas. Por fim, são apresentados alguns vícios da sentença e as suas peculiaridades. / The dissertation explores the invalidity of procedural acts in Brazilian civil procedure. In that sense, while underscoring that procedural form is important, providing predictability and organization to the proceedings, it does not represent an end in and of itself, since the main goal of civil justice is to give a definitive resolution to the dispute in a manner thatnnis timely, just and efficient. Down this path, the dissertation qualifies procedural acts within the general framework of legal acts, but subject to meta-rules of civil procedure: the principle of its instrumental role, the harmless error test (pas de nullité sans grief), the identification of the protected interest and the presumption in favor of validity. After analyzing the most important doctrinal constructions on the topic, the dissertation proposes a framework to organize the cognitive steps of judgments on invalidity of procedural acts, tested and applied in connection with nullity cases. Lastly, the dissertation classifies defects relating to judgments and their peculiarities.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das invalidades dos atos processuais no processo civil. Para isso, é destacado que as formas processuais são importantes, por conceder previsibilidade e organização ao procedimento, porém é certo que elas não representam um fim em si mesmo, já que o processo tem como escopo principal a entrega da prestação jurisdicional de forma célere, justa e eficaz. Nesse sentido, o trabalho identifica os atos processuais dentro do contexto geral dos atos jurídicos, todavia iluminados pelas regras de sobredireito processual: o princípio da instrumentalidade, o princípio do prejuízo, o princípio do interesse e a regra da presunção de validade dos atos. Assim, após a análise das sistematizações mais importantes feitas pela doutrina acerca das invalidades no processo civil, o trabalho destaca os passos cognitivos de um juízo de invalidação, testados em algumas das invalidades cominadas. Por fim, são apresentados alguns vícios da sentença e as suas peculiaridades. / The dissertation explores the invalidity of procedural acts in Brazilian civil procedure. In that sense, while underscoring that procedural form is important, providing predictability and organization to the proceedings, it does not represent an end in and of itself, since the main goal of civil justice is to give a definitive resolution to the dispute in a manner thatnnis timely, just and efficient. Down this path, the dissertation qualifies procedural acts within the general framework of legal acts, but subject to meta-rules of civil procedure: the principle of its instrumental role, the harmless error test (pas de nullité sans grief), the identification of the protected interest and the presumption in favor of validity. After analyzing the most important doctrinal constructions on the topic, the dissertation proposes a framework to organize the cognitive steps of judgments on invalidity of procedural acts, tested and applied in connection with nullity cases. Lastly, the dissertation classifies defects relating to judgments and their peculiarities.

Flexible and goal-driven behaviour requires a process by which the appropriate task-set is selected and maintained in a privileged state of activation. This process can be conceptualised as loading a task-set into a procedural working memory (PWM) buffer. Task switching experiments, which exercise this process, reveal “switch costs”: increased reaction times and error rates when the task changes, compared to when it repeats. The process of loading a task-set into PWM may be one source of these costs. The switch cost is reduced with preparation, suggesting that at least some of the processes involved in a successful change of task can be achieved in advance of the stimulus. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the properties of PWM, and its contribution to task-set control. One account of PWM distinguishes between the level at which recently exercised (but currently irrelevant) task-sets are represented, and the level at which only the currently relevant task-set is maintained in a most active state. To distinguish between these levels of representation, and to assess the extent to which the process of getting a task-set into a most-active state (loading it into the PWM buffer) is subject to a capacity limit at each level, the experiments varied the number of tasks participants switched among (Experiments 1 and 2), and the complexity of individual task-sets (Experiments 3-6) in a task-cueing paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants switched among three or five tasks, in separate sessions. There was no effect of the number of tasks on the switch cost, or its reduction with preparation, provided that recency and frequency of task usage were matched. When recency and frequency were not matched, there appeared to be a larger switch cost with five tasks at a short preparation interval, suggesting that the time consumed by getting a task-set into a most active state is influenced by its recency and frequency of usage, not the number of alternatives per se. However, Experiment 3 showed that the time required to select an S-R mapping within a task-set does increase as a function of the number of alternatives (even when stimulus frequency and recency are matched), suggesting that representation of the most active task-set in a PWM buffer is subject to a strict capacity limit. Experiments 4-6 further investigated the capacity limit of this PWM buffer, and found that task-set preparation was more effective for task-sets that are less complex (i.e. specified by fewer S-R rules). These findings suggest that only very few S-R rules can be maintained in a most active state in the PWM buffer. Finally, Experiments 7-9 investigated whether S-R rules are represented phonologically for task-set maintenance and preparation, by manipulating the phonological properties of the stimulus terms. But task-cueing performance was not affected by the name length (Experiment 7) or phonological similarity (Experiments 8 and 9) of the stimulus terms. These results suggest that phonological representations of S-R rules do not make a functional contribution to task-set control, possibly because the rules are compiled into a non-linguistic PWM. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of a procedural working memory which is separate from declarative working memory, and distinguishes between two levels of task-set control: the level of task-sets, which are maintained in a capacity unlimited state of representation, and the level at which the currently relevant task-set is maintained in a most-active but highly capacity limited state of representation.

Frequency-based ocean synthesis is a class of methods for generating ocean waves in deep water using physically based ocean spectra provided by oceanographic research. The output of these methods is a heightfield which is periodic and can be used to tile a larger area. However, when using a larger number of tiles, a repetition pattern becomes apparent. Wang tiling is a method of tiling the plane non- periodically by using only a small set of input tiles with given constraints. The aim of this thesis is to create a set of Wang Tiles, each of which represents an ocean heightfield synthesised by a frequency- based method, so one can create large ocean scenes without apparent periodicity in the tiling pattern. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This research addresses the problem of efficiently and robustly reconstructing semantically-rich 3D architectural models from laser-scanned point-clouds. It first covers the pre-existing literature and industrial developments in active-sensing, 3D reconstruction of the built-environment and procedural modelling. It then documents a number of novel contributions to the classical problems of change-detection between temporally varying multi-modal geometric representations and automatic 3D asset creation from airborne and ground point-clouds of buildings. Finally this thesis outlines on-going research and avenues for continued investigation - most notably fully automatic temporal update and revision management for city-scale CAD models via data-driven procedural modelling from point-clouds. In short this thesis documents the outcomes of a research project whose primary aim was to engineer fast, accurate and sparse building reconstruction algorithms. Formally: this thesis puts forward the hypothesis (and advocates) that architectural reconstruction from actively-sensed point-clouds can be addressed more efficiently and affording greater control (over the geometric results) - via deterministic procedurally-driven analysis and optimisation than via stochastic sampling.

abstract: Sexual assault victimization is a pervasive issue affecting one in four college women. This staggering statistic causes concern for universities across the country to protect students and encourage victimization reporting. Yet little known about college women’s reporting behaviors and what influences the decision to report. Previous research has established possible reasons influencing reporting behaviors such as fear of retaliation, shame, guilt, and not viewing the incident as a crime. However, few studies have explored the role of prior perceptions of police and the impact of procedural justice on victimization reporting. Using a factorial vignette design, this study tests the influence of prior perceptions of police, procedural unjust treatment, and the sex of the responding officer on the likelihood to report sexual assault. Self-report survey data were collected from 586 female participants attending a public university. Consistent with expectations, results indicate that positive prior perceptions of police significantly increased students’ likelihood to report sexual victimization. Being treated in a procedurally unjust manner by the police had the largest impact on victim decision making, even when controlling for prior perceptions of police; decreasing the likelihood that a student would report their victimization. Contrary to expectations, the sex of the responding officer had no effect on students’ decision to report their victimization. This study has important implications for current policing methods and policies aimed at police-victim interactions among the population at highest risk of sexual victimization. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2019

<p>The purpose of this paper is to explore what objects that can be seized and how the management of a seizure should be conducted. Ability to take enforcement against an individual should be carefully weighed against the rights and freedoms that exist. Seizure is one of the various restraints that exist, and the regulation on which they appear is mainly in the Code of Judicial Procedure, Chapter 27^th. To be able to apply coercive measures, it is fundamental prerequisite that a criminal investigation is initiated, but there exist some significant exceptions to this. There are also rules about who has the right to provide for the seizure, the decision can be taken by a prosecutor, an investigator, a police officer or, in special cases, the court. The purpose of a seizure is mainly to secure the subject of a criminal investigation, to secure objects that have been arrogated or to secure future forfeiture. Therefore it is only possible to seize objects that are relevant to a criminal investigation, and it is only movable property such as written documents or electronic objects that can be seized. Items that have been seized should be handled in accordance with the laws that exist. A protocol shall be established and supervision shall be exercised over the seizure and a seizure should end when it is no longer relevant to the criminal investigation. The regulation has recently changed and that created new improved opportunities, but despite that, the area is complex and constantly evolving technology makes it difficult.</p>

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Dendritic shapes are commonplace in the natural world such as trees, lichens, coral and lightning. Models of dendritic shapes are widely needed in many areas. Because of their branching fractal and erratic structures modeling dendritic shapes is a tricky task. Existing methods for modeling dendritic shapes are slow and complicated.<p>In this thesis we present a procedural algorithm of using path planning to model dendritic shapes. We generate a dendrite by finding the least-cost paths from multiple endpoints to a common generator and use the dendrite to build the geometric model. With the control handles of endpoint placement, fractal shape, edge weights distribution and path width, we create different shapes of dendrites that simulate different kinds of dendritic shapes very well. Compared with some existing methods, our algorithm is fast and simple.