The thesis deals with the analysis of quality management system in a selected organization and with tasks assigned by the organization's quality manager. The company is Aspera, spol. s r.o., specifically its metal manufacturing centre Aspera Technology in České Budějovice. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is based on study of scientific literature and focuses on quality definition, history of quality management, quality management system principles and concepts and quality management tools, especially process flowchart, Pareto diagram and FMEA. The practical part describes the company, its manufacturing centre and its quality management system. The next part deals with the three assigned tasks. First, designated company processes are described and visualized in the form of flowcharts. Second, weak points and risks of these processes are analysed using FMEA and corrective actions are recommended. Third, the most significant internal defects are identified using Pareto chart and cost analysis. At the end of the thesis some suggestions for improvement are provided. The suggestions were observed during an internship in the company and should enhance the quality management system and help the overall operation of the company processes.

Title: How an external collection actor enables Lindex’s closed loop supply chain. Context: Customers demand of sustainable products has motivated companies to develop more sustainable business models. The implementation of closed loop supply chain is an effort to keep the value of resources for as long as possible, by reusing and recycling consumer waste. This study identifies what a reverse logistics flow of textile material looks like in a closed loop supply chain, and how companies can gain economies of scale in their reverse logistics. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how a collection actor handles collected textiles and thereby contributes to the enabling of Lindex’s closed loop supply chain. The identification of the process provides an example of how other organizations can approach the circular economy. The study will also explore various alternatives to achieve economies of scale in the reverse logistics. Questions at issue: 1. “How does an external collection actor, Myrorna, manage Lindex´s reverse logistics of textiles in a closed loop supply chain?” 2. “With what strategies can the external collection actor, Myrorna, achieve economies of scale?” Method: The study practices a qualitative hermeneutic orientation, with an inductive reasoning. It is a one case study where the empirical information was collected by qualitative semi-structured interviews. The sampling technique used to provide the data was purposive sampling. Process mapping through process flow chart was used to analyze the empirical information. The study reaches a certain amount of validity through the use of triangulation of facts. Other ways used to ensure the quality of the study was for example that the respondent reviewed the results to authenticate it. An aspect of criticism is that the study is a one case study and therefor has a lower grade of transferability. The authors have also taken research ethics into consideration. Results: The external collection actor, Myrorna, enables Lindex closed loop supply chain through the physical handling of the collected textiles. According to the head of collection at Myrorna (2020-05-12) the reverse logistics is currently well managed. The study finds supporting evidence for the case, however alternative means of achieving economies of scale are proposed. One proposition is to outsource the domestic transportation through a third party logistics company. Another is to include pickup of goods at Lindex stores to Myrornas iv current pickup routes or to use a third party logistics company. Myrorna already handles a lot of textiles in their sorting operation, and the authors therefore suggests that they will keep insourcing this part of the reverse logistics. As a final suggestion Myrorna should continue outsourcing the export of leftover textiles in order to achieve economies of scale. Keywords: Supply chain management, Sustainable fashion industry, Closed loop supply chain, Process flowchart, Reverse logistics, Textile collection, Economies of scale.

Keywords: E-commerce, Order process, Return process, Order picking, Waste, Lean production, Process flowchart, Poka Yoka, 5S, Six Sigma, Kaizen, Kata. Introduction: To sell products on the internet, it is important to be at the forefront of internal routines and processes to not be overtaken by a competitor. Small e-commerce companies do not have the same resources to implement autonomous processes to the same extent as large e- commerce companies, therefore this study examines the shortcomings in the order picking and return process for small e-commerce companies and how these shortcomings can be remedied from a Lean perspective to have an opportunity to compete on the market. Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop different opportunities for improvement from a Lean perspective by analyzing different e-commerce companies, focused on its processes within order picking and return management. Method: The study has been done as a qualitative case study with a deductive approach and a critically realistic approach. The primary data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and observations. Conclusion: Shortcomings as motion, defects, waiting and non-utilized potential have been identified in the order pick process and return process. Suggested Lean techniques as 5S, Kaizen & Kata and six sigma have been presented as methods for improving the identified shortcomings that occur in these processes for e-commerce companies.