A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e analisar práticas docentes do ensino fundamental de forma a contribuir para o entendimento acerca das estratégias de produção, transmissão e legitimação de disposições culturais voltadas para a equidade de gênero e para as diferenças da sexualidade. O horizonte que norteia tal investigação enfatiza o ambiente escolar e as relações de interdependência entre seus/suas agentes. A hipótese é que, a partir de um contexto socializador específico, pode-se identificar condições para a transformação das disposições culturais de gênero e sexualidade. Como suporte teórico têm-se os Estudos de Sociologia da Educação, sobretudo as contribuições dos estudos de Norbert Elias, no que se refere ao conceito de configuração, além de Estudos de Gênero, de Sexualidade e dos Estudos Culturais, com base em aportes pós-estruturalistas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, caracterizada por um estudo de caso em uma escola particular da cidade de Porto Alegre, definida devido às suas práticas de acolhimento às diferenças. Entrevistas com professores/as, com gestores/as escolares e observações de atividades docentes com alunos/as são técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas. Para tanto, identificou-se e analisou-se a atuação e as percepções de professores/as através das seguintes categorias de análise, ilustrativas das modalidades/práticas docentes: 1) Estratégias institucionais e práticas sistêmicas: docentes e escola; 2) Experiências pessoais e entrecruzamento de valores: docente e sua constante (trans)formação; 3) Construção do pensar e agir crítico/reflexivo: prática docente e discentes; 4) Estratégias de socialização sob uma de suas matrizes de legitimação: prática docente e o uso de recursos didáticos/discursivos 5) Pulverização e Legitimação de novos olhares: entre docentes e famílias. O intuito foi apresentar, portanto, um caso de práticas alternativas e considerar de que maneira os/as professores/as e, respectivamente, a escola em questão, lidam com os valores generificados e sexistas nas suas práticas docentes em prol da convivência com as diferenças, sem desconsiderar a imersão desses/as atores/as e da escola em uma sociedade sexista. / This research aims to identify and analyze practices of elementary school teachers, in order to contribute to the understanding of the strategies of production, transmission and cultural legitimization of provisions targeted at gender equality and differences in sexuality. The outlook that guides this research emphasizes the school environment and the relationship of interdependence between his/her agents. The hypothesis is that it is possible to identify conditions for the transformation of the cultural dispositions of gender and sexuality from a specific socialization context. As theoretical support, we cite Studies in Sociology of Education, especially the contributions of the studies of Norbert Elias, in relation to the concept of setting, along with the Gender Studies, Sexuality and Cultural Studies that are based on contributions post-structuralists. This is a qualitative explorative study, characterized by a case study in a private school in the city of Porto Alegre, locate in the south of Brazil, chosen due to its focus on the practice of encouraging differences in diversity. Interviews with teachers, managers and observations of the school and teaching activities with students were the research techniques used. To do so we identified and analyzed the performance and perceptions of teachers through out the following categories of analysis, illustrating the methods/teaching practices: 1) systemic institutional strategies and practices: teachers and school; 2) Personal Experiences interlacing with personal values : teaching and his/her constant (trans) formation; 3) Construction of thinking and acting critical/reflective: teaching practice and students; 4) School Socialization Strategies from the teaching practice and the use of teaching resources/discourse; 5) Pulverization and legitimization of new perceptions: between teachers and families. The intention was to present, therefore, a case of alternative practices and consider how the teacher and respectively the school in question handled the gendered and sexist values in their teaching practices in favor of living with differences without disregarding the immersion of these actors and school in a sexist society.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e analisar práticas docentes do ensino fundamental de forma a contribuir para o entendimento acerca das estratégias de produção, transmissão e legitimação de disposições culturais voltadas para a equidade de gênero e para as diferenças da sexualidade. O horizonte que norteia tal investigação enfatiza o ambiente escolar e as relações de interdependência entre seus/suas agentes. A hipótese é que, a partir de um contexto socializador específico, pode-se identificar condições para a transformação das disposições culturais de gênero e sexualidade. Como suporte teórico têm-se os Estudos de Sociologia da Educação, sobretudo as contribuições dos estudos de Norbert Elias, no que se refere ao conceito de configuração, além de Estudos de Gênero, de Sexualidade e dos Estudos Culturais, com base em aportes pós-estruturalistas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, caracterizada por um estudo de caso em uma escola particular da cidade de Porto Alegre, definida devido às suas práticas de acolhimento às diferenças. Entrevistas com professores/as, com gestores/as escolares e observações de atividades docentes com alunos/as são técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas. Para tanto, identificou-se e analisou-se a atuação e as percepções de professores/as através das seguintes categorias de análise, ilustrativas das modalidades/práticas docentes: 1) Estratégias institucionais e práticas sistêmicas: docentes e escola; 2) Experiências pessoais e entrecruzamento de valores: docente e sua constante (trans)formação; 3) Construção do pensar e agir crítico/reflexivo: prática docente e discentes; 4) Estratégias de socialização sob uma de suas matrizes de legitimação: prática docente e o uso de recursos didáticos/discursivos 5) Pulverização e Legitimação de novos olhares: entre docentes e famílias. O intuito foi apresentar, portanto, um caso de práticas alternativas e considerar de que maneira os/as professores/as e, respectivamente, a escola em questão, lidam com os valores generificados e sexistas nas suas práticas docentes em prol da convivência com as diferenças, sem desconsiderar a imersão desses/as atores/as e da escola em uma sociedade sexista. / This research aims to identify and analyze practices of elementary school teachers, in order to contribute to the understanding of the strategies of production, transmission and cultural legitimization of provisions targeted at gender equality and differences in sexuality. The outlook that guides this research emphasizes the school environment and the relationship of interdependence between his/her agents. The hypothesis is that it is possible to identify conditions for the transformation of the cultural dispositions of gender and sexuality from a specific socialization context. As theoretical support, we cite Studies in Sociology of Education, especially the contributions of the studies of Norbert Elias, in relation to the concept of setting, along with the Gender Studies, Sexuality and Cultural Studies that are based on contributions post-structuralists. This is a qualitative explorative study, characterized by a case study in a private school in the city of Porto Alegre, locate in the south of Brazil, chosen due to its focus on the practice of encouraging differences in diversity. Interviews with teachers, managers and observations of the school and teaching activities with students were the research techniques used. To do so we identified and analyzed the performance and perceptions of teachers through out the following categories of analysis, illustrating the methods/teaching practices: 1) systemic institutional strategies and practices: teachers and school; 2) Personal Experiences interlacing with personal values : teaching and his/her constant (trans) formation; 3) Construction of thinking and acting critical/reflective: teaching practice and students; 4) School Socialization Strategies from the teaching practice and the use of teaching resources/discourse; 5) Pulverization and legitimization of new perceptions: between teachers and families. The intention was to present, therefore, a case of alternative practices and consider how the teacher and respectively the school in question handled the gendered and sexist values in their teaching practices in favor of living with differences without disregarding the immersion of these actors and school in a sexist society.

La vitalité du secteur jeunesse de l'édition est un indice, parmi d'autres, de la place importante qu'occupent encore aujourd'hui les livres dans le quotidien des enfants. Si le contenu des albums a été étudié par quelques sociologues français, la manière dont les jeunes « lecteurs » reçoivent les normes et les représentations transmises par la littérature de jeunesse n'a en revanche fait l'objet que de bien peu d'investigations sociologiques. A travers l'analyse de la manière dont les enfants comprennent et (ré)interprètent le contenu textuel et iconographique des livres, cette thèse entend non seulement mettre en lumière ce qui se joue dans l'acte de réception, mais également apporter des éléments contribuant à une meilleure compréhension du processus de socialisation. Nous centrons pour cela notre regard sur l'« alimentation », observatoire emblématique de l'ensemble des modalités de ce processus ainsi que de ses nombreuses différenciations. Par la mise en place, sur le terrain, d'un protocole expérimental permettant d'approcher le point de vue d'enfants âgés de 5 à 8 ans (et issus de milieux sociaux contrastés), cette thèse permet ainsi d'appréhender la manière dont s'agencent - de façon toujours particulière - les messages délivrés par différentes instances socialisatrices (famille, médias, école), et dont se construisent d'éventuelles appartenances à un genre et/ou à un milieu social. La capacité d'action (agency) des très jeunes enfants est de cette façon, ici, mise en jeu. / Among other signs, the vitality of the children's book publishing field bears testimony to the important place books still occupy today in children's everyday lives. However, despite the fact that some French sociologists have already studied the content of children's books, the way young "readers" receive the norms and representations conveyed by this literature has been the object of very little sociological investigation. In the present thesis I analyze the way children understand and (re)interpret the textual and iconographic content of children's books, with a view to both shedding light on what is really at stake in the act of reception, and also bringing elements that might contribute to better understanding the process of socialization. I focus on "food," as it is an iconic observation tool for the entirety of this process's modalities and its many differentiations. An experimental protocol implemented on the field has allowed me to approach the point of view of 5- to 8-year-old children coming from various social backgrounds, and thus to study the way the messages conveyed by the various agents of socialization (such as family, mass media, and school) are organized, as well as the construction of potential belongings to a gender and/or social group. In this regard, the agency of very young children is also addressed.

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Notre présence de 1990 à 2010 en qualité d’éducateur spécialisé sur Beaubreuil, quartier de la ville de Limoges, Haute-Vienne, nous a permis d’accompagner, d’observer et de prendre part pendant plus de vingt années aux processus migratoires vietnamiens. Durant tout ce temps nous avons pu constater d’un point de vue psychologique que les ruptures consécutives à l’exil, puis au choc culturel né du contact avec la société d’accueil, ont fait surgir chez les individus des problématiques complexes, notamment identitaires. Dans l’exil, pour faire face aux risques psychosociaux provoqués par l’instabilité de leur structure psychique et de leur système culturel, les vietnamiens ont investi l’espace public et l’espace privé proposés par la culture d’accueil. Ces démarches, multiples, leur ont permis dans le réaménagement de ces espaces, de retrouver, de recréer, les éléments perçus par eux comme fondamentaux de leur culture d’origine, nécessaires et indispensables au travail de rééquilibrage psychique. En France, l’injonction culturelle vietnamienne d’élaboration d’autels religieux au sein de leurs habitations a conduit les personnes à réinterpréter, au sein de dynamiques subjectives, la question des différentes composantes de leur identité, personnelle et sociale, culturelle et religieuse. Les interactions entre l’injonction de la culture d’origine et l’espace proposé par la culture d’accueil ont conduit les sujets à engager des transformations, des modifications dans l’élaboration de leurs autels religieux. En ce sens ces élaborations rendent compte et constituent des analyseurs particulièrement pertinents des processus d’interculturation. / Our presence from 1990 to 2010 as a social worker in Beaubreuil, district of the city of Limoges, Haute-Vienne, allowed us to support, observe and take part for over twenty years in the Vietnamese migration processes. All this time, we noted from a psychological perspective, that ruptures, resulting from the exile, then from the culture shock, were born by contacts with the host society, have given rise to individuals, complex problems including identity ones. In exile, to face the psychosocial risks caused by the instability of their psychic structure and their cultural system, the Vietnamese have invested public and private areas offered by the host culture. These approaches, multiple, allowed them in the redevelopment of these areas, to find, to recreate the elements perceived by them as fundamental in their native culture, necessary and essential to their work of psychic restructuring. In France, the cultural injunction of religious altars development in the private sphere has led them to reinterpret in a subjective way the question of the different components of their identity personal and social, cultural and religious The interactions between the native culture injunction and the space proposed by the host culture has engaged transformations, changes in the elaboration of religious altars. In that way, they are reflecting and are forming analyzers, particularly relevant to us, the intercultural exchange process.