Actualmente el sector construcción está atravesando una de las peores crisis económicas de la historia, esto se debe a la coyuntura actual por la enfermedad del Covid-19. Estos problemas han generado que, muchas empresas se vean en la necesidad de invertir en medidas innovadoras para poder subsistir frente a esta crisis, entre ellas tenemos; el home office, la inserción de nuevas herramientas digitales y los cambios del método tradicional en proyectos. En nuestro país, la aplicación del método tradicional para ejecutar los proyectos de construcción, han ocasionado diversas irregularidades y problemas en las etapas del proyecto, esto se debe, por la ausencia de comunicación y coordinación entre los Stakeholders, afectando ampliamente en los resultados, aumentando los costos y plazos del proyecto. A diferencia de un enfoque tradicional, los entornos colaborativos en los proyectos de construcción nos ofrecen un ambiente de trabajo participativo en donde los Stakeholders tienen absoluta cooperación con los intereses del proyecto. Además, la actuación del constructor tiene una representación significativa, ya que ofrece contribuciones desde etapas iniciales en la realización del proyecto, logrando aumentar la productividad y optimizando la constructabilidad. El presente trabajo de investigación, es una guía que se elaboró como apoyo para tener una visión más integrada en los proyectos inmobiliarios, donde prevalecen los procedimientos de colaboración del constructor junto a los Stakeholders. Asimismo, se muestra dos casos de estudio de la metodología planteada, justificando contribuciones considerables en etapas de diseño y construcción, alcanzando reducir los costos y plazos del proyecto. / Currently the construction sector is going through one of the worst economic crises in history, this is due to the current situation due to the Covid-19 disease. These problems have caused many companies to find themselves in the need to invest in innovative measures in order to survive in the face of this crisis, among them we have; the home office, the insertion of new digital tools and the changes of the traditional method in projects. In our country, the application of the traditional method to execute construction projects has caused various irregularities and problems in the stages of the project, this is due to the lack of communication and coordination between the Stakeholders, widely affecting the results, increasing the costs and deadlines of the project. Unlike a traditional approach, collaborative environments in construction projects offer us a participatory work environment where the Stakeholders have full cooperation with the interests of the project. In addition, the performance of the constructor has a significant representation, since it offers contributions from the initial stages in the realization of the project, managing to increase productivity and optimizing constructability This research work is a guide that was developed as a support to have a more integrated vision in real estate projects, where the collaboration procedures of the builder prevail with the Stakeholders. Likewise, two case studies of the proposed methodology are shown, justifying considerable contributions in the design and construction stages, managing to reduce the costs and deadlines of the project. / Tesis

El presente trabajo de investigación pretende mejorar la productividad multifactor del proceso de producción de cereales precocidos, que cuenta con 1 en el indicador de productividad; es decir que la empresa no está adquiriendo ganancias ni pérdidas, a pesar de ser el producto que más ventas tiene. Todo ello ocurre, debido a que la empresa presenta exceso de movimiento, paro de maquinarias, desbalance de línea y escasez de materia prima, que repercuten en los costos de elaboración de la línea de precocidos. A partir de la identificación de las principales causas de la baja productividad, se emplearán ciertas herramientas de Lean Manufacturing, las cuales son 5S, Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM) y SMED, las cuales serán aplicadas en el área de producción; además, se utilizará la simulación para conocer si es factible la realización de pedidos extras sin afectar a la producción ya planeada de la empresa. Con ello, se podrá mejorar la productividad en un 28% e incrementar las ganancias, al reducir el exceso de movimiento de los trabajadores, al realizar mantenimientos preventivos a las maquinarias para evitar paros continuos, al proyectar la demanda y maximizar la producción para balancear la línea de producción y; por último, la creación de matriz de evaluación de proveedores y un nuevo proceso de recepción de pedidos, de manera que la empresa siempre cuente con materia prima para todos sus pedidos. / This research work aims to improve the multifactor productivity of the precooked cereal production process, which has 1 in the productivity indicator; in other words, the company is not acquiring profits or losses, despite being the product that has the most sales. All of this occurs, due to the fact that the company presents Excess movement, Stoppage of machinery, Line imbalance and Shortage of raw material, which affect the production costs of the precooked line. Based on the identification of the main causes of low productivity, certain Lean Manufacturing tools will be applied, which are 5S, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and SMED, which will be applied in the production area; In addition, the Economic Simulation will be used to find out if it is feasible to place extra orders without affecting the company's already planned production. With this, it will be possible to improve productivity by 28% and increase profits, by reducing excess movement of workers, by performing preventive maintenance on machinery to avoid continuous stoppages, by projecting demand and maximizing production to balance the production line and; finally, the creation of a supplier evaluation matrix and a new order receipt process, so that the company always has raw material for all its orders. / Tesis

Este trabajo presenta evidencia sobre cómo diversas actividades como la innovación, el liderazgo o la motivación influyen en el rendimiento de las empresas, particularmente en la productividad. Para ello, se utilizó un método explicativo que permitió determinar, de forma esquematizada y concisa, la manera como las distintas variables validadas, a través de la gestión, impactan en la generación de mayores beneficios para la organización. Las diferencias de los beneficios que alcanzan las empresas pueden explicarse por la heterogeneidad de las prácticas de gestión, en ese sentido, el estudio expone el vínculo entre acoger alguna de ellas y su efecto al ejecutarla. Así pues, la investigación muestra la relación que existe entre el conocimiento y las estrategias con la productividad y la rentabilidad, para aprovecharlo y gestionarlo; así como también la relación existente con la motivación laboral considerando incentivos financieros, programa de recompensas, entre otros. Asimismo, este trabajo permitió verificar el papel que tiene la innovación en el crecimiento y el sostenimiento de la productividad, y la importancia de que exista un equilibrio entre las innovaciones de primer y segundo orden. / This work presents evidence on how activities such as innovation, leadership or motivation influence the performance of companies, particularly productivity; to do this, it uses an explanatory method to determine, in a schematic and concise way, the way that the different variables validated through management impact on the generation of greater benefits for the organization. The differences in the benefits that companies achieve can be explained by the heterogeneity of management practices, the study exposes the link between hosting one of them and their effect when executing it. This research shows the relationship of knowledge, strategies to take advantage of and manage it, with productivity and profitability; as well as the one that exists between work motivation considering financial incentives, rewards program, among others. Likewise, verifies the role of innovation in the growth and maintenance of productivity and the importance of a balance between first and second order innovations. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El propósito de esta investigación es presentar al lector las repercusiones generadas por un deficiente proceso de producción en una empresa MYPE del sector metalmecánico. Siguiendo con esta línea se pretende implementar un modelo de gestión de producción basado en la técnica Lean manufacturing con el análisis SAP-LAP para reducir retrasos en la línea de producción. El objetivo de este proyecto es cuantificar el grado de mejora en el cumplimiento de entregas implementado la propuesta de mejora esto permitirá disminuir costos y generar una mayor productividad. Para poder validar se realiza un análisis de datos previos en una empresa MYPE metalmecánica, para así generar una base de trabajo basándonos en una línea de producción, para luego poder comparar mediante una simulación en el programa Arena los resultados de la implementación de técnicas Lean Manufacturing como 5s, SMED y Mantenimiento Preventivo. Con la aplicación del análisis SAP-LAP (Situación, Actores, Procesos, Aprendizaje, Acción y performance). Los resultados de la implementación de la propuesta ayudaron a reducir el tiempo de entrega en la línea de producción mejorando el tiempo de producción a un 30% y aumentando la producción a un 5%. La buena implementación del modelo es esencial para mejorar los procesos productivos. La aplicación de estas técnicas beneficia un buen rendimiento en las empresas MYPES metalmecánicas. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos de la simulación demuestran la reducción de retrasos en la línea de producción esto se puede apreciar mediante la disminución del tiempo de producción y mejora de la producción. / The purpose of this research is to present to the reader the repercussions generated by a deficient production process in a MYPE company in the metalworking sector. Following this line, it is intended to implement a production management model based on the Lean manufacturing technique with the SAP-LAP analysis to reduce delays in the production line. The objective of this project is to quantify the degree of improvement in delivery compliance by implementing the improvement proposal. This will reduce costs and generate greater productivity. In order to validate, an analysis of previous data is carried out in a metal-mechanical MYPE company, in order to generate a work base based on a production line, and then be able to compare the results of the implementation of Lean Manufacturing techniques through a simulation in the Arena program. like 5s, SMED and Preventive Maintenance. With the application of the SAP-LAP analysis (Situation, Actors, Processes, Learning, Action and performance). The results of the implementation of the proposal helped reduce delivery time on the production line by improving production time by 30% and increasing production by 5%. The good implementation of the model is essential to improve production processes. The application of these techniques benefits good performance in metalworking MYPES companies. In conclusion, the results obtained from the simulation demonstrate the reduction of delays in the production line. This can be seen by reducing production time and improving production. / Trabajo de investigación

Byggbranschen består ofta av komplexa, unika och tidspressade projekt med många aktörer involverade. Detta gör att brister i kommunikationen kan förekomma och de kan ofta kosta både tid och pengar. Syftet med rapporten är att analysera möten och veckostrukturer på fyra olika projekt hos Skanska Region Hus Göteborg, hur de skiljer sig mellan de olika projekten samt förslag till förbättringsåtgärder för att effektivisera mötes- & veckostrukturen.För att kunna besvara de frågeställningar som ställdes i rapporten genomfördes tio intervjuer. Olika arbetsroller intervjuades på varje projekt för att få ett bredare perspektiv på varje projekt. De arbetsroller som intervjupersonerna hade var platschef, arbetsledare samt lagbasen för yrkesarbetarna. Tre observationer genomfördes också på morgonmöten på de olika projekten för att få en tydligare bild av vem/vilka som håller i mötet och vad som tas upp under mötets gång. En litteraturinsamling genomfördes innan intervjuerna för att stärka upp den teoretiska bakgrunden för ämnesområdet.Resultatet av undersökningen visade att det finns skillnader i hur projekten strukturerar upp veckan, hur projekten strukturerar upp möten och även hur många möten projekten håller veckovis. Återkoppling är något som används men inte på ett strukturerat vis eller särskilt ofta. De projekt som arbetade på ett mer proaktivt sätt såg att de kunde arbeta på ett mer tidseffektivt sätt. Engagemang hos deltagare ökade om mötesstrukturen inkluderade mötesdeltagarna i en högre utsträckning. Användning av en visuell tidplan sågs som ett bra komplement till informationsöverföringen i och utanför mötesforum.Studien mynnade slutligen ut i ett antal föreslagna förbättringsåtgärder som kan hjälpa till att göra vecko- och mötesstrukturerna mer effektiva och därmed också förbättra kommunikationen i stort på projekt vilket sparar både tid och pengar. Återkoppling kan struktureras in i möten samt veckoplanering för att effektivisera produktivitetsökningen för mötes- & veckostrukturering. Genom att ställa fler öppna frågor till mötesdeltagare samt låta fler deltagare leda olika delar av ett möte så skapas mer engagemang från fler mötesdeltagare. En individs arbetsvecka kan tidsdokumenteras i form av proaktivt och reaktivt arbete. Då kan individens veckostruktur analyseras för att hitta åtgärder för att minska mängden reaktiva händelser och förbättra det proaktiva arbetssättet. Arbetsveckan, arbetsmoment samt allmän information kan struktureras i ett samlat dokument för att lättare kunna planera och fördela arbetsuppgifter och därmed öka det proaktiva arbetet. / The construction industry often consists of complex, unique and time-consuming projects with many different actors involved. This means that shortcomings in communication can occur, and they can often cost both time and money. The purpose of the report is to analyze meetings and weekly structures on four different projects at Skanska Region House Gothenburg, how the projects differ and what kind of improvement measures exist.To be able to answer the questions posed in the report, ten interviews were conducted. Different work roles were interviewed on each project to get a broader perspective on each project. The work roles that the interviewees had were site manager, supervisor, and the team base for the construction workers. One observation was also made at the daily morning meetings on the various projects to get a clearer picture of who is holding the meeting and what is being discussed during the meeting. A literature collection was also conducted before the interview stage to strengthen the theoretical background for the subject area.The results of the study showed that there were differences in how the week was structured, how meetings were structured and how many meetings were held weekly. Feedback is something that is used but not in a structured way or very often. The projects that worked in a more initiative-taking way saw that they could work in a more time-efficient way. Participation among workers increased if the meeting structure included the workers to a greater extent. The use of a visual timetable was seen as a good complement to the information transfer in and outside of meeting forums.The study resulted in a few proposed improvement measures that can help make the weekly and meeting structures more effective and thus also improve communication in general on projects which saves both time and money. Feedback can be structured into meetings and weekly planning to streamline productivity growth for meeting & weekly structuring. By asking more open questions to meeting participants and letting more participants lead various parts of a meeting, more commitment is created from more meeting participants. The individuals work weeks can be time-documented in the form of initiative-taking and reactive work. Then the individual’s weekly structure can be analyzed to find measures to reduce the number of reactive events and improve the initiative-taking approach. The work week, work steps and general information can be structured in a single document to make it easier to plan and distribute tasks and thereby increase the initiative-taking work.

<p>У овом раду приказан је модел за<br />обезбеђење унапређења процеса<br />производње у предузећима<br />малосеријског типа производње на<br />територији Републике Србије. Модел је<br />тестиран у малосеријској производњи.<br />Веродостојност модела се огледа кроз:<br />дефинисање основних функција,<br />дефинисање фактора окружења, значај<br />ресурса, анализу улаза и излаза у<br />процесу малосеријске производње.<br />Модел даје решење за унапређење<br />конкурентске способности домаћих<br />предузећа при освајању и лансирању<br />новог производа. Модел је применљив у<br />предузећима на територији Републике<br />Србије чије се пословање заснива на<br />истом или сличном технолошком<br />поступку. На основу података<br />истраживања евидентирани су пробеми у<br />предузећима са малосеријском<br />производњом: знање појединаца, подела<br />и реализација задатака, неусклађеност<br />послова, трошкови операција, слаба<br />комуникација са потрошачима, давање<br />одложеног плаћања.</p> / <p>U ovom radu prikazan je model za<br />obezbeđenje unapređenja procesa<br />proizvodnje u preduzećima<br />maloserijskog tipa proizvodnje na<br />teritoriji Republike Srbije. Model je<br />testiran u maloserijskoj proizvodnji.<br />Verodostojnost modela se ogleda kroz:<br />definisanje osnovnih funkcija,<br />definisanje faktora okruženja, značaj<br />resursa, analizu ulaza i izlaza u<br />procesu maloserijske proizvodnje.<br />Model daje rešenje za unapređenje<br />konkurentske sposobnosti domaćih<br />preduzeća pri osvajanju i lansiranju<br />novog proizvoda. Model je primenljiv u<br />preduzećima na teritoriji Republike<br />Srbije čije se poslovanje zasniva na<br />istom ili sličnom tehnološkom<br />postupku. Na osnovu podataka<br />istraživanja evidentirani su probemi u<br />preduzećima sa maloserijskom<br />proizvodnjom: znanje pojedinaca, podela<br />i realizacija zadataka, neusklađenost<br />poslova, troškovi operacija, slaba<br />komunikacija sa potrošačima, davanje<br />odloženog plaćanja.</p> / <p>This paper shows a model for improvement<br />of manufacturing process in small-scale<br />enterprises on the territory of Republic of<br />Serbia. The model was tested on smallscale<br />production. The validity of the model<br />can be seen through: defining basic<br />functions, defining environmental factors,<br />importance of resources, analysis of input<br />and output in the process of small-scale<br />production. The model provides the<br />solution for improvement of competitive<br />ability of domestic enterprises in<br />conquering and launching a new product.<br />The model is applicable in enterprises on<br />the territory of Republic of Serbia whose<br />business is based on the same or similar<br />technological procedure. Based on research<br />data, problems in enterprises with smallscale<br />production were evident: knowledge<br />of individuals, distribution and realization<br />of the project, mismatch of jobs,<br />operational expenses, poor communication<br />with consumers, granting differed payment.</p>

U.S. companies have implemented just-in-time purchasing (JITP) and total quality management (TQM) techniques to improve their global competitive position. The lack of empirical research on these techniques with firm's performance is the reason to explain further their strategic values as management innovations in different types and sizes of organizations. From a theoretical foundation on the relations between innovation, strategy and performance, the following research questions were generated: (1) Are JITP and TQM positively related to the firm's performance?, (2) Do the combination/sequence of implementing JITP and TQM have a relation with the firm's performance?, and (3) Is the relationship between JITP and TQM to the firm's performance moderated by any of industry type, firm size,firm type and/or duration of JITP and TQM techniques? A model is developed and hypotheses are proposed. A survey is mailed to firms operating in the U.S. that have implemented one or both techniques. Questionnaire items measuring JITP, TQM, performance, and moderating variables - industry type, firm size,firm type, and duration of JIT purchasing and TQM techniques— are either developed or borrowed from other studies. From rosters of the American Society for Quality Control and the National Association of Purchasing Management, 1884 target respondents result in a 20.3 percent response rate. Reliability and factor analysis of the constructs are established. The research model is tested by canonical correlation analyses before a separate hierarchical regression analysis of sets is run for each of the three performance factors: financial and market, time-based quality and material productivity. The extent of JITP and TQM implementation positively and significantly relate with firm's performance. Furthermore, the relation between JITP and financial and market performance is higher in industries that face high foreign competition. Firm size, firm type and duration of JITP and TQM techniques are nonsignificant moderators. An improved research model is offered.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson_Quinello.pdf: 2050383 bytes, checksum: 7903668378dee5cb7851cf3a27a13555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-14 / This study has for objective to analyze the Six Sigma Process of Institutionalization in an automotive company located in Grande ABC - S??o Paulo state and to present a research instrument that assists measurement of the institutionality of this program. Recent research demonstrates that the practicality of the contemporaries Quality movements is not always effectively applied in the organizations, showing that rational aspects not only would be on the legitimation of these strategical choices. To understand the mechanisms of legitimation of such practice could minimize the efforts technicians and human beings demanded in the implantation of new technologies. In the last few years, theoretical projects have been considered that assist the interpretation of the organizational phenomena, between them the quality programs, through the Institutional Theory. However, the majority of these studies is based on the vision of sociologists, scientists politicians and economists who have contributed much for the development of the theory. The contribution of this work is to offer another vision: of the administrator, inserting new perspectives in the speech of the theoretical construction of this movement. The object of this analysis - the Six Sigma Program is a relatively new model for the automobile, therefore is of interest for those who investigate the new organizational paradigms. This way, due to low the frequency of national and international academic works that tested the institutionalization process of quality programs under the optics of the new-institutionalist school, it was looked to delineate a questionnaire contend variable-key of the stages that would take the legitimation of the program. Giving sustentation to the results of this quantitative phase, we opted to the contribution two other qualitative instruments: a focus group and some individual interviews, generating a triangulation method. The results pointed out that professed models are not always effectively practiced in the organizations, suggesting gaps between institutional and practical act of day-by-day. Through the analysis of the triangulation it can be evidenced that the Six Sigma program, in this organization, surpassed the stage of habitualization, but it was not sedimented. This intermediate phase is called objetification or half-institutional stage. The applied instruments of research have revealed good to the study and can contribute, since duly is suitable, for the institutionalization process analysis of other institutional programs. The cycle of this research, as well as the proper Institutional Theory, is not locked in. It only extends itself instigating new academic contributions in the field of organizational studies. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o Processo de Institucionaliza????o do Seis Sigma em uma empresa do setor automotivo localizada no Grande ABC - Estado de S??o Paulo e apresentar um instrumento de pesquisa que auxilie a mensura????o da institucionalidade do programa. Pesquisas recentes demonstram que as pr??ticas dos movimentos contempor??neos da Qualidade nem sempre s??o efetivamente aplicadas nas organiza????es, mostrando que aspectos n??o apenas racionais estariam ligados ?? legitima????o destas escolhas estrat??gicas. Entender os mecanismos de legitima????o de tais pr??ticas poderia minimizar os esfor??os t??cnicos e humanos exigidos na implanta????o de novas tecnologias. Nos ??ltimos anos foram propostos esquemas te??ricos que auxiliaram a interpreta????o dos fen??menos organizacionais, entre eles os programas de qualidade, atrav??s da Teoria Institucional. Entretanto, a maioria destes estudos est?? baseada na vis??o de soci??logos, de cientistas pol??ticos e de economistas que muito contribu??ram para o desenvolvimento da teoria. A colabora????o deste trabalho est?? em oferecer uma outra vis??o - a do administrador, inserindo no debate da constru????o te??rica deste movimento, novas perspectivas. O objeto desta an??lise - o Programa Seis Sigma ?? um modelo relativamente novo para as automobil??sticas, portanto de interesse para ??queles que investigam novos paradigmas organizacionais. Para tanto, devido a baixa freq????ncia de trabalhos acad??micos nacionais e internacionais que testassem o processo de institucionaliza????o de programas da qualidade sob a ??tica da escola neo-institucionalista, procurou-se delinear um question??rio contendo as vari??veis-chave das etapas que levariam a legitima????o do programa. Dando sustenta????o aos resultados desta fase quantitativa, optou-se pela conjuga????o de outros dois instrumentos qualitativos: um grupo de foco e algumas entrevistas individuais, gerando uma triangula????o metodol??gica. Os resultados apontaram que modelos professados nem sempre s??o efetivamente praticados nas organiza????es, sugerindo distanciamento entre discursos institucionais e pr??ticas do dia-a-dia. Atrav??s da an??lise da triangula????o metodol??gica pode-se constatar que o programa Seis Sigma, nesta organiza????o, superou a etapa de habitualiza????o, mas n??o se sedimentou. Esta fase intermedi??ria ?? denominada objetifica????o ou etapa semi-institucional. Os instrumentos de pesquisa aplicados mostraram-se adequados ao estudo e podem contribuir, deste que devidamente adaptados, para a an??lise do processo de institucionaliza????o de outros programas institucionais. O ciclo desta pesquisa, assim como a pr??pria Teoria Institucional, n??o se encerra. Ele apenas se amplia instigando novas contribui????es acad??micas no campo dos estudos organizacionais.

published_or_final_version / Computer Science and Information Systems / Master / Master of Philosophy

In the theoretical part of this work are described the manufacturing process, structure and production management, quality management in the producion and logistics and financial management. It was taken as a base for practically part of this work, where is writen about company functioning, the description of functioning of the production process and its leadership, including importance of duality and logistics in the manufacturing process. There were proposed the possibilities of improving in the manufacturing process and cost savings in storage and transport of the material. Finally was described the economic situation of the company.