Thesis title: Selected issues of status of a professional athlete This paper deals with a status of a professional athlete in relation with sports organisation in which he realises sporting activities. After analysing today's praxis and the whole complex of relations of professional athlete related to his sporting activities author supports an idea that the relation of a professional athlete and the club is similar to the one of an employee and an employer of that intesity that incorporation of status of a professional athlete to the status of an employee in Czech republic is only a matter of time. That is why in latter part of the paper there are analysed some of the main enactments of the czech code of labour which would be in case of the incorporation mentioned above de facto incompatible. Before uncovering lots of problems which would be caused by adoption of status of an employee by a professional athlete in team sports the work heads to the international area, where it elaborately examines some of the most significant cases dealt with by the European Court of Justice. Above all there can again be seen undisputable tendency of taking a professional athlete similar to an employee. Furthermore the significant role of European law in affecting intrastate law and the posibility of pressure on...

Denna studie syftade till att undersöka elitidrottares anknytning till arbete under och efter avslutad idrottskarriär - och deras psykiska välbefinnande och anpassning kring avslutet på karriären. Studien var avgränsad till sporten bandy och gjord i en svensk småstad där bandy är den största på orten. Studien gjordes med intervjuer, antingen ansikte mot ansikte eller per telefon. Resultatet visade att samtliga upplevde att de hade haft stor hjälp av sin organisation/klubb att hitta jobb, och hade jobbat större delen under sina aktiva idrottskarriärer. Samtliga hade heltidsanställningar när intervjuerna gjordes. Deltagarna anpassade sig bra till ett civilt yrkesliv efter avslutad idrottskarriär  - trots att den första perioden just vid tiden runt avslutet upplevdes som traumatisk. Det psykiska välbefinnandet upplevdes som gott när väl denna anpassning skett. / Ina qualitative study professional athletes relation to employment - during andafter retirement from the sport was explored. The psychological transition fromactive to retired active was also investigated - and so was the psychologicalwell-being . The study was limited to the sport of bandy and the study was done in a smallSwedish town where bandy is the biggest sport around.  Interviews were made face to face with theinformants, or by telephone. The result showed that all the informants felt thatthey have had great assistance from the club in  finding employment, and all informants had civilemployments during their career as professional athletes.  All informants had fulltime employments whenthe interviews were made (except for one who was retired). The participants adjustedthemselves well psychologically to a life focused solely on family and a civilcareer - though the first period just around the retirement from bandy wereexperienced as traumatic.  Thepsychological well-being was experienced as good when the transition fromprofessional athlete to a civil career was well in place.

The study analyses available data (a total of 564 reports) on injuries to the musculoskeletal apparatus in a series of 240 professional soccer players, with the average age of 24.3 years as of the beginning of all football seasons (median 24.0 years, range 16 - 39 years), covering the period of 16 years (1997 - 2013). The analysed variables included age, height, body weight, BMI, different football positional roles (defence, offence, goalkeeper), number of injuries (injury to the ankle, the knee, lower limb muscles; lower limb fracture, injury to the upper limb, injury to the head, neck and back, injury to tendons and groins) and the surface on which the injury was sustained (dry - hard, wet - soft, artificial). Processing of statistical data and examination of a potential correlation between the respective injury and variables was based on the mixed model method. During the season the risk of a knee injury sustained in a match was statistically significantly higher as compared to training; at the same time the risk was decreasing with the growing BMI value. In addition to a statistically significant training/match variable (with matches posing a higher risk), the risk of injury to the knee depends on the type of surface, where dry surface is associated with a higher risk of such injury. Matches,...

1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the issue of a status of professional athlete from a perspective of Labour law. The main goal of this thesis is try to find an answer to a question whether the activity of professional team sports athlete should be considered as dependent work of an employee. The first part is theoretical and focuses mainly on definitions of sport, sports law, sport legislation and professional athlete. The second part deals with the current position of professional athletes in our legal system. In practice, professional athletes can act as self- employed, as employees or as professional soldiers. At the same time, the author tried to outline the advantages and disadvantages of these individual statutes. The main of part of the thesis is dedicated on the definition of dependent work in terms of the Labour Code and the questions of basic institutes of labour law, which are essential for proper comparing with the status of a professional athletes. The author came to the conclusion that the sports activity performance of most professional team sports athletes can be considered as a dependent work in terms of labour law. Following this fiding, the author then analyzed several basic provisions of the Labor Code that would be incompatible with sports practice. The fourth part of this...

Title of thesis: Sport and labour law Abstract The subject of this thesis is to review the possibility and scope of the application of labour law regulations of the Czech legal order in the area of legal relations arising during the performance of professional sport activities in team sports. The topicality of this issue is due to the fact that the legal status of professional athletes in the Czech Republic differs from the practice applied in most other European countries, where it is common for professional athletes in team sports to enter into an employment contract with the sports club and thus receive employee status. By contrast, in the Czech Republic, in the vast majority of cases, professional athletes have the status of self-employed persons. In the first and second part of the thesis there is given a general view on the definition of sport, overview and systematics of sources through which sport is regulated, as well as a basic overview of the organization of sports sectors. The main part of the thesis deals with the possible legal regimes of the status of professional athlete and is mainly focused on the assessment of the nature of professional athlete activity in the context of the definition of dependent work and application of the Labour Code regulation. In this part, the author of the thesis...

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenioFM.pdf: 256943 bytes, checksum: a24e105096f52a86fae871daa49637e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-15 / Brazilian Law n? 9.615 of 24 March, 1998 established new paradigms in the employment relations existent between the soccer athlete and the sport association, both of whom are accustomed to the former legislation. They do not seem to have organized themselves in the sense of understanding the practical effects of the legal precepts currently in force, raising doubts that hinder the professional practice of the former and the performance of the latter in relation to managing these human resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the degree of knowledge displayed by the professional soccer athlete about the legal recourses at his disposal in relation to the employment relations established in his work contract, as well as investigating the stress habits and stress situations that he most often experiences. This descriptive study consisted of a sample of 105 players under contract with clubs participating in the final phase of the state soccer championship. A questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument, whose analysis allows us to verify the lack of knowledge, on the part of the subjects studied, about the laws that regulate their profession, as well as identifying the stress habits and stress situations that are most reflected in their lifestyle. The lack of knowedge of regulate norms of their profession influences, in a negative way, in the lifestyle of soccer professional athlete from Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil / A Lei n? 9.615, de 24 de mar?o de 1998, com suas altera??es, estabeleceu novos paradigmas nas rela??es de trabalho existentes entre o atleta de futebol e a associa??o de pr?tica desportiva, os quais, acomodados que estavam com a legisla??o de outrora, parecem n?o ter se organizado no sentido de melhor conhecer os efeitos pr?ticos gerados a partir da vig?ncia dos referidos ditames legais, acarretando d?vidas que dificultam o exerc?cio profissional do primeiro, bem como a atua??o do segundo com rela??o ? administra??o desses recursos humanos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o n?vel de conhecimento do atleta profissional de futebol, acerca dos dispositivos legais que disp?em sobre as rela??es trabalhistas pactuadas no seu contrato de trabalho, como tamb?m investigar os h?bitos e situa??es de stress que lhe s?o mais vivenciadas. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza descritiva, na qual utilizou-se uma amostra de 105 jogadores com contratos firmados com os clubes que participaram da fase final do campeonato potiguar de futebol. Utilizou-se o question?rio como instrumento de coleta de dados, cuja an?lise permitiu concluir pela falta, por parte do sujeito estudado, do conhecimento devido acerca dos preceitos legais que regulam suas rela??es trabalhistas, ao mesmo tempo em que identificou os h?bitos e situa??es de stress que mais se refletem no seu estilo de vida. Assim, restou claro que o desconhecimento das normas reguladoras de sua profiss?o influi, de forma negativa, no estilo de vida do atleta profissional de futebol do Rio Grande do Norte

This research project investigated how a professional athlete made sense of lying to federal investigators regarding her use of a prohibited substance. More specifically, it investigated how Marion Jones made sense of her experiences through the construction of identity(ies). The constructionism position of narrative was used to determine how Jones gave meaning to significant experiences and constructed a narrative, and how this narrative was constructive of her identity(ies). The three-dimensional space approach of narrative analysis was used as my methodological position. The analysis was done on an interview conducted by Oprah Winfrey on Marion Jones as part of a broadcast of The Oprah Winfrey Show. This was Jones’ first public appearance aftere her release from a six month prison sentence for lying to federal investigators. The analysis revealed the construction of three identities in her narrative. The athlete identity was constructed as one of the past, the felon identity as in the present, and the person identity is constructed as the identity that she will take into the future. Jones makes sense of lying to federal investigators as allowing these identities to develop and leave her with a positive future. This research project contributed to the field of sport psychology by investigating how a professional athlete made sense of her lying to federal investigators regarding her use of a prohibited substance and recommended that the construction of multiple dominant identities may allow for alternative options for professional athletes regarding their doping behaviour. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the processes and influences that underlie the choice of retired elite athletes to further their education and assume the adult learner role. In the current study, focus was applied specifically to professional ice hockey players who were in a period of retirement from active play. Elite athletes often retire at a time when most other professions are just beginning or reaching a level of stability. Research suggests that many retired elite athletes experience a difficult transition to an early retirement from athletics that is fraught with depression and unemployment. A select number of these elite athletes choose to further their educations after their careers have expired. The literature suggests that some of these retired elite athletes find educational programming a valuable coping strategy in the often traumatic post-athletic career adjustment. Unfortunately, this choice is made by only few athletes. It would be desirable to encourage more retired athletes to consider and engage in educational activities; however, currently, there is only very little knowledge on the processes underlying athletes' choice to participate, or not to participate, in education in their retirement years. Using a theoretical framework that includes adult learning theory and adult development theory, in conjunction with expectancy-value theory of motivation, the impact of individual characteristics and environmental opportunities on post-athletic career choices made by professional athletes may be better understood. The primary instrument for data collection was a personal interview with ten retired professional hockey players, conducted over a consecutive six-month period resulting in significant data. Utilizing the constant-comparative method for data analysis, common themes were identified as indicators of educational engagement: Informal Mentorship, Head Injury Related Retirement, and Pre-Transition Planning. In addition to these themes, the findings reflected an alternative adult developmental model possibly unique to professional hockey players. The findings of this study are valuable to the larger conversation regarding adult learners, adult development, and elite athlete career transition. / Educational Administration

Tyrimo objektas. Sportinę karjerą baigusių sportininkų socialinio aprūpinimo ypatumai Lietuvoje. Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti sportinę karjerą baigusių sportininkų socialinio aprūpinimo ypatumus Lietuvoje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1 Teoriniu aspektu aptarti profesionalaus ir didelio meistriškumo sportininkų sampratą ir jų teisinį reglamentavimą Lietuvoje. 2. Išanalizuoti teisės aktus, reglamentuojančius sportinę karjerą baigusių sportininkų socialinio aprūpinimą Lietuvoje. 3. Palyginti teisės aktus, reglamentuojančius sportinę karjerą baigusių sportininkų socialinį aprūpinimą su Europos šalių patirtimi. 4. Įvertinti sportinę karjerą baigusių Lietuvos profesionalių ir didelio meistriškumo sportininkų nuomonę apie jiems teikiamas socialines garantijas. Tyrimo metodai. 1. Literatūros šaltinių analizė. 2. Dokumentų analizė. 3. Interviu. Tyrimo rezultatai. Profesionalusis sportininkas apibrėžiamas kaip sportininkas, kurio pagrindinis pragyvenimo šaltinis ir darbas yra sportavimas. Didelio meistriškumo sportininkas apibrėžiamas kaip atletas, atstovaujamos sporto šakos vienas geriausių sportininkų. Profesionalus ir didelio meistriškumo sportininko teisinis statusas reglamentuojamas LR Kūno kultūros ir sporto įstatyme. Literatūros šaltinių ir dokumentų analizė parodė, kad karjerą baigusių sportininkų socialinis aprūpinimas Lietuvoje yra reglamentuojamas LR valstybinio socialinio draudimo įstatymu, LR valstybinių socialinio draudimo pensijų įstatymu bei naująja LR kūno kultūros ir sporto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Work object: Peculiarities of social provision of former athletes in Lithuania Work objectives: to analyze the peculiarities of social provision of former athletes in Lithuania Work objectives: 1. To discus the conception and juridical regulation of professional and top level athlete in Lithuania. 2. To analyze juridical documents that regulates social provision of retired athletes in Lithuania 3. To compare juridical documents, that regulates social provision of retired athletes in Lithuania with present experience of European countries. 4. To evaluate opinion of retired professional and top level athletes about present social guaranties that is provided. Work Methods. 1. Analysis of literature sources. 2. Document analysis. 3. Interview. Conclusions. Professional athlete is defined as a person who receives payment for his performance and earns for living in that way. Whereas Top level athlete can be described as an athlete that competes at the highest level, represents country during international events. The status of Professional and Top Level Athlete is regulated by the Law of Sport and Physical Education. Literature and Documents analysis proved that Social Provision of retired athletes in Lithuania is regulated by the Lithuanian Republic Law of Social Security, LR National Law of Social Provision and by the Law of Sport and Physical Education. Retired athletes can attain social guaranties if they succeed during the active career to become a medallist of one oft top... [to full text]