Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-21T11:28:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luane Neves Santos.pdf: 2173879 bytes, checksum: 2e95d8f77f461ce9146a3324e5489175 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T11:28:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luane Neves Santos.pdf: 2173879 bytes, checksum: 2e95d8f77f461ce9146a3324e5489175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is a historiographical study developed with the aim of analyzing the social commitment of Brazilian psychology in the light of its development and understood as a critical project. The historiographical writing was based on dialectical historical materialism as a perspective for the production of historical reading, including the categories proposed by Antonio Gramsci: organic intellectuals, relations of force and hegemony. The documents analyzed in this work were gathered from literature review, including articles, books, dissertations, theses as well as from the mapping of events of the area of psychology such as the Mostras Nacionais de Práticas (National Exhibits of Practices) and editions of the Congresso Nacional da Psicologia (National Congress of Psychology), produced by Sistema Conselhos. Professional projects express principles of society projects and can be constructed by any category from an ideal image about itself and the effect it wishes to produce in the world. As a professional project, social commitment presents three dialectically interwoven dimensions: it is at the same time the condition of the project by providing the philosophical base in the sense of an organic ideology to the interests of the working classes, evidencing the alignment to a society project, as an alternative to the capitalist order; an element of the project, its public face, when it presents itself as a motto subsidized by the representative entities; and the broad designation of the project, which aggregates different political strategies to consolidate this perspective. Social commitment indicates the critical perspective as transversal stance to different personages and historical moments: initially, criticism towards type of population served and workplace; subsequently, towards instruments, theoretical models and methods used; and most recently in the discussion of the feasibility and risks taken by its adoption as a project in psychology. The constitution of the historical course of social commitment enabled us to conclude that this project intends to contribute to the transformation of society and, in its development, substantially transforms psychology / O presente trabalho apresenta-se como um estudo historiográfico que tem por objetivo analisar o compromisso social da psicologia brasileira sob a ótica do desenvolvimento desse projeto profissional, entendido como um projeto crítico. A escrita historiográfica baseou-se no materialismo histórico dialético como perspectiva para a produção da leitura histórica, incluindo as categorias propostas por Antonio Gramsci: intelectuais orgânicos, relações de força e hegemonia. Os documentos analisados foram reunidos a partir de revisão de literatura, incluindo artigos, livros, dissertações, teses e do mapeamento de eventos da área da psicologia como as Mostras Nacionais de Práticas e as edições do Congresso Nacional da Psicologia, produzidos pelo Sistema Conselhos. Os projetos profissionais expressam princípios de projetos societários e podem ser construídos por qualquer categoria a partir de uma imagem ideal sobre si mesma e do efeito que deseja produzir no mundo. Como projeto profissional, o compromisso social apresenta três dimensões dialeticamente imbricadas: é, ao mesmo tempo, a condição do projeto, por fornecer a base filosófica no sentido de uma ideologia orgânica aos interesses das classes trabalhadoras evidenciando o alinhamento a um projeto societário alternativo à ordem capitalista; um elemento do projeto, sua face pública, quando se apresenta como um lema subsidiado pelas entidades representativas; e a designação ampla do projeto, agregadora de diferentes estratégias políticas para a consolidação dessa perspectiva. O compromisso social indica a perspectiva crítica como postura transversal aos diferentes atores e momentos históricos: inicialmente, uma crítica ao tipo de população atendida e ao local de trabalho; posteriormente aos instrumentos, modelos teóricos e métodos utilizados; e mais recentemente, na discussão sobre a viabilidade e os riscos colocados pela sua adoção como projeto na psicologia. A constituição do percurso histórico do compromisso social possibilitou-nos concluir que ele pretende contribuir para a transformação da sociedade e, em seu desenvolvimento, transforma substancialmente a psicologia

The undertreatment of chronic pain and the prevention of drug abuse and diversion of pain medications (i.e., opioids) have been identified as public health issues in the United States. In this domain, the Drug Enforcement Administration (D.E.A.) faces challenges when enforcing the Controlled Substance Act because it is tasked with regulating the dispensing of opioids by physicians in the treatment of chronic pain, while also attempting to prevent their abuse and diversion. Thus, the D.E.A. must use discretion in how it enforces the C.S.A. because intentional actions to prevent opioid abuse and diversion could also unintentionally affect the willingness of primary care physicians to prescribe them in the treatment of chronic pain. As an initial step in clarifying the boundaries between the D.E.A. and the medical profession, it was necessary to assess physician perceptions about the D.E.A. 's use of enforcement discretion. A total of 205 Oregon primary care physicians completed a web-based survey examining three domains: concern about D.E.A. enforcement discretion; autonomy related to use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain; and prescribing of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. Results indicated that some physicians perceive a concern about D.E.A. enforcement discretion, and those who have concern are more likely to perceive having reduced autonomy related to the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. The results do not support previous research that showed that such concerns directly affects physician prescribing of opioids. Instead, results reveal that concern about D.E.A. enforcement discretion is associated with reduced perceived autonomy, and reduced perceived autonomy is associated with less willingness to prescribe opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. This research takes the study on this topic one step further in identifying physician perceptions about D.E.A. enforcement discretion, and how these perceptions were associated with physician autonomy and prescribing of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain. In doing so, this research provides important scholarly contributions to the enforcement discretion literature, specific to the D.E.A., and medical professionalism as it pertains to physician autonomy related to the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain.

<p>Several industrial scandals, especially those about Enron and WorldCom, have lead to an intense debate about the independent audit and the independent auditor. A substantial part of the auditor’s income originates from counselling, and therefore the role of the auditor may be seen as double, and the auditor’s objectivity may be questioned. In the year of 2002, a new Auditors Act was legislated in Sweden. In the 21 § of the act, a model based on principles was introduced, to test the auditor independence in every single case. The question is if the new Auditors Act better ensures an independent audit than the preceding Act did. After the collapse of Enron, the international work on the development of rules that better can guarantee the independent audit, has been intensified. Will the wording and effect of the Swedish Auditors Act stand, will the international progress on this area influence the interpretation of the Act, or will the Swedish legislator be forced to rewrite the Act? Three problems are discussed in this thesis; 1. How shall an independent audit be ensured?, 2 What kind of activity may the auditor exercise?, 3 How should the auditor’s activities be organised to ensure the independence? This thesis describes howthe role of the auditor and his independence is regulated today, partly by legislation, partly by self- regulation, both national and international. Different regulations are compared and differences and similarities are described. A number of specific problems that may influence the independence of the auditor, in relation to his clients, and a discussion about how these problems may be avoided, is presented.</p>

Several industrial scandals, especially those about Enron and WorldCom, have lead to an intense debate about the independent audit and the independent auditor. A substantial part of the auditor’s income originates from counselling, and therefore the role of the auditor may be seen as double, and the auditor’s objectivity may be questioned. In the year of 2002, a new Auditors Act was legislated in Sweden. In the 21 § of the act, a model based on principles was introduced, to test the auditor independence in every single case. The question is if the new Auditors Act better ensures an independent audit than the preceding Act did. After the collapse of Enron, the international work on the development of rules that better can guarantee the independent audit, has been intensified. Will the wording and effect of the Swedish Auditors Act stand, will the international progress on this area influence the interpretation of the Act, or will the Swedish legislator be forced to rewrite the Act? Three problems are discussed in this thesis; 1. How shall an independent audit be ensured?, 2 What kind of activity may the auditor exercise?, 3 How should the auditor’s activities be organised to ensure the independence? This thesis describes howthe role of the auditor and his independence is regulated today, partly by legislation, partly by self- regulation, both national and international. Different regulations are compared and differences and similarities are described. A number of specific problems that may influence the independence of the auditor, in relation to his clients, and a discussion about how these problems may be avoided, is presented.

In this thesis I analyze the evolutionary ethics and propose a new perspective that develops on the notion of altruism. The view of evolutionary ethics, especially the sociobiological account, has some problems. The most important philosophical problem is the &ldquo / is-ought&rdquo / problem which refers to the question as to whether moral propositions can be inferred from factual statements. In order to overcome this problem I suggest a different reading of the notion of altruism namely &ldquo / altruistic behavior practice&rdquo / that refers to norms, habits and repeated actions that provide the sustainability of society. The notion of altruistic behavior practice is presented and evaluated with the help of Alasdair MacIntyre&rsquo / s and John Dewey&rsquo / s moral philosophy. The moral views of these two philosophers are based on human practices and habitual formations in society. In this respect, evolutionary ethics and the notion of altruism are re-established on the basis of human practices and habitual modes of socialization.

In this Study, the empiricist ethical system of Epicurus and idealist ethical system of Kant will be compared. Kant maintains that as Epicurus&rsquo / ethics regards morality as a means for the attainment of happiness, it is nothing but a self-love ethics. He, for this reason, calls Epicurean morality &ldquo / selfishness.&rdquo / According to Kant, the maxims of happiness can be known only through experience but he says, experience can never produce a law which is universal and necessary. He contends that as Epicurean ethics has happiness as its ultimate goal (i.e., the highest good), it cannot be able to produce an objective morality, valid for all rational beings. Kant, on the other hand, tries to found his ethical system on an a priori moral law of pure reason which borrows nothing from experience. This Study would, in a sense, be a defense of Epicurean ethical system against Kant&rsquo / s claims. The main argument of the thesis is that Epicurean ethics is not a self-love ethics, but rather a system which propounds happiness for all. I will be arguing that for Epicurus, one&rsquo / s own happiness is necessarily bound up with the happiness of others, and that his system is sound and consistent. I will also try to show that Kant is not successful in deducing a transcendentally ideal (a priori) law of reason and that his system has some inconsistencies.

Max Weber and Karl Marx have been compared in various ways, especially since Weber&rsquo / s Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was first published in the beginning of 20th century. The general claim was that their perspectives are completely different from each other. With the analysis of Protestant Ethic, they claim, Weber came up with a negative answer to Marx in terms of his analysis of the relationship between society and economy. However, in this study it is indicated that Weber&rsquo / s analyses were in close proximity with those of Marx&rsquo / s and these similarities can be seen in Weber&rsquo / s both early and late period works such as &ldquo / The Social Causes of the Decline of Ancient Civilization&rdquo / , Economy and Society and General Economic History. Weber&rsquo / s approach in this all corpus can be considered to be &ldquo / a quasi Marxist perspective&rdquo / . In these texts, he refers widely to Marx and elaborates the factors which he thought Marx had excluded from his analysis. Although he accused Marx of using a one-sided causal interpretation of history, Weber&rsquo / s approach in relation to Marx has close parallels with historical materialism

Helping professionals help people to achieve optimal functionality and fulfillment in the physical, psychological, emotional and intellectual domains. Well-defined ethical standards for practitioners are crucial to such a vital endeavor. This study analyzes the official codes of ethics produced by the professional organizations of five of the helping professions: librarianship, psychology, social work, nursing, and education. In the ethics codes is sought interpretation of four moral principles—respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence—and four professional responsibilities—fidelity, veracity, privacy, and confidentiality. These are grounded, respectively, in the “common morality” or the core norms exercised by all morally serious people, and the “professional morality,” or the core norms exercised by all moral professionals. How do the professions define, interpret, and express the principles and responsibilities? This interdisciplinary study clarifies and allows comparison of the expressed values of each profession. It is a critical examination of professional codes of ethics, and an argument for their explicit grounding in a larger morality. / text

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration