This study explores and attempts to shed light on what motivates teachers and how teacher motivation is affected by a principal's leadership style. The worldviews of pragmatism and critical realism were used as the basis for exploring teacher motivation in a South African school. A primary school in the Eastern Cape of South Africa was chosen for the case study. Three data gathering tools, a leadership questionnaire, teacher survey, and interviews were used to generate data on teacher motivation and the interaction between leadership style and teacher motivation. In regards to teachers, religion, social justice, and self-efficacy were all identified as motivators. The principal was strongly charismatic in her leadership and along with transformational and social justice leadership played a major role in influencing teacher behaviors. Self-determination theory was identified as helping to explain different levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and thereby to better understand varying degrees of teacher motivation. There are many difficulties in South African education and around the world in general and this study is premised on the belief that if teacher motivation can be studied and advanced there will be an improvement in education and learning. This thesis was limited in its scope and ability to fully explore the different levels of ontology as outlined by the critical realist and this is identified as a possible future course of action for not only studying teacher motivation but getting to the 'heart of the matter'.

Esta dissertação apresenta o sentido ético do cuidado de si voltado aos ambientes competitivos de trabalho, a partir das obras de Sêneca, intituladas Da tranquilidade da alma, A brevidade da vida, A vida feliz e Cartas a Lucílio, tendo como apoio teórico as interpretações feitas por Michel Foucault, no livro A hermenêutica do sujeito. O estudo das referidas obras de Sêneca permite demonstrar suas inter-relações com o cuidado de si e com o cuidado do outro, bem como, com o significado do cuidado de si, no contexto estoico desse filósofo. Diante da questão sobre qual o sentido do cuidado de si em ambientes competitivos de trabalho, os quais podem não se limitar apenas à extensão do espaço físico, mas se estender à dimensão da vida do indivíduo, examina-se o sentido de cuidado de si, pelo olhar ético de Sêneca, e se o relaciona aos ambientes competitivos de trabalho. Por meio da análise da teoria de Sêneca e do entendimento sobre a constituição dos ambientes competitivos, amparados na obra de Herbert Marcuse, A ideologia da sociedade unidimensional, e nas obras de Foucault, Microfísica do poder, Vigiar e punir e As palavras e as coisas, é possível refletir se o cuidado de si e a competição são um paradoxo para o homem que exerce seu trabalho, seja para garantir seu sustento ou para buscar níveis mais elevados de desempenho e realização pessoal. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2014-12-08T11:49:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Claudia Soave.pdf: 1478196 bytes, checksum: ec7f2380fd445afa155c104cbbb8498b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-08T11:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Claudia Soave.pdf: 1478196 bytes, checksum: ec7f2380fd445afa155c104cbbb8498b (MD5) / This dissertation introduces the ethical sense of self-care focused to the competitive work environments, from the works of Seneca, entitled From tranquility of the Soul, The brevity of life, The happy life and Letters to Lucilio, having as a theory support, the interpretations made by Michel Foucault, in the book The Hermeneutics of the Subject. The study of the mentioned works of Seneca allows to demonstrate their interrelations with self-care and with care of others as well as with the meaning of self-care in the unfailing context of this philosopher. Faced with the question of what is the meaning of self-care in competitive work environments, which can not be restricted only to the extention of physical space, but extend to the dimension of the individual's life, intended to consider the sense of self-care, by the ethical look of Seneca and relate it to competitive work environments. Through analysis of Seneca’s theory and understanding of the competitive environments' formation, supported in the Herbert Marcuse's work, The ideology of one-dimensional society and in the works of Foucault, Monitor and Punish and Words and Things, you can reflect if the self-care and the competition are a paradox for the man who does his job, to guarantee his sustenance or look for higher performance's levels and personnel achievement.

Esta dissertação apresenta o sentido ético do cuidado de si voltado aos ambientes competitivos de trabalho, a partir das obras de Sêneca, intituladas Da tranquilidade da alma, A brevidade da vida, A vida feliz e Cartas a Lucílio, tendo como apoio teórico as interpretações feitas por Michel Foucault, no livro A hermenêutica do sujeito. O estudo das referidas obras de Sêneca permite demonstrar suas inter-relações com o cuidado de si e com o cuidado do outro, bem como, com o significado do cuidado de si, no contexto estoico desse filósofo. Diante da questão sobre qual o sentido do cuidado de si em ambientes competitivos de trabalho, os quais podem não se limitar apenas à extensão do espaço físico, mas se estender à dimensão da vida do indivíduo, examina-se o sentido de cuidado de si, pelo olhar ético de Sêneca, e se o relaciona aos ambientes competitivos de trabalho. Por meio da análise da teoria de Sêneca e do entendimento sobre a constituição dos ambientes competitivos, amparados na obra de Herbert Marcuse, A ideologia da sociedade unidimensional, e nas obras de Foucault, Microfísica do poder, Vigiar e punir e As palavras e as coisas, é possível refletir se o cuidado de si e a competição são um paradoxo para o homem que exerce seu trabalho, seja para garantir seu sustento ou para buscar níveis mais elevados de desempenho e realização pessoal. / This dissertation introduces the ethical sense of self-care focused to the competitive work environments, from the works of Seneca, entitled From tranquility of the Soul, The brevity of life, The happy life and Letters to Lucilio, having as a theory support, the interpretations made by Michel Foucault, in the book The Hermeneutics of the Subject. The study of the mentioned works of Seneca allows to demonstrate their interrelations with self-care and with care of others as well as with the meaning of self-care in the unfailing context of this philosopher. Faced with the question of what is the meaning of self-care in competitive work environments, which can not be restricted only to the extention of physical space, but extend to the dimension of the individual's life, intended to consider the sense of self-care, by the ethical look of Seneca and relate it to competitive work environments. Through analysis of Seneca’s theory and understanding of the competitive environments' formation, supported in the Herbert Marcuse's work, The ideology of one-dimensional society and in the works of Foucault, Monitor and Punish and Words and Things, you can reflect if the self-care and the competition are a paradox for the man who does his job, to guarantee his sustenance or look for higher performance's levels and personnel achievement.

A perícia psicológica é um recurso previsto no Código do Processo Civil para instruir litígios processuais em Vara de Família. O laudo psicológico como documento escrito resultante da avaliação psicológica pericial deve preencher requisitos formais para ser aceito enquanto prova pericial pelo Direito. O laudo psicológico deve preencher requisitos técnicos e éticos para ser considerado um trabalho cientificamente aceitável na Psicologia. Estudou-se uma amostra de 31 representações (denúncias éticas) contra psicólogos que produziram laudos no período de 1997 a 2005 julgados pelo Conselho Regional de Psicologia 06. As categorias de análise criadas a partir da literatura especializada permitiram: conhecer o motivo da representação, identificar o profissional representado e discriminar o que o laudo deve conter para ser considerado um operador de verdade. Os resultados revelaram uma amostra heterogênea. Havia apenas quatro laudos psicológicos periciais sendo que os demais documentos eram declarações, pareceres e relatórios de atendimento psicoterapêutico. O maior número de representações partiu de pessoas que não foram atendidas ou avaliadas por estes psicólogos. O grupo profissional que recebeu o maior número de representações foi o dos que realizaram psicodiagnósticos ou terapias de crianças (21 profissionais). Do total, 20 representações foram arquivadas ou terminaram em absolvição. Oito profissionais foram condenados por fazerem afirmações a respeito de pessoas sem fundamentação técnica condizente. Três casos prescreveram. Concluiu-se que existe desconhecimento por grande parte da categoria sobre o trabalho desenvolvido no campo da Psicologia Jurídica, especificamente na Vara da Família. O psicólogo judiciário que atua nesta área produzindo laudos não é o profissional mais representado no CRP-06. Quase dois terços dos trabalhos escritos foram considerados isentos de falhas técnicas ou éticas. Os laudos considerados aceitáveis pelos padrões da profissão também o são para fim de prova judicial. As falhas mais graves não são da ordem da linguagem (problemas semânticos ou sintáticos), como também não são de dificuldade de comunicação da matéria psicológica ao leitor leigo, mas de estratégias de avaliação psicológica equivocadas. Os documentos escritos foram gerados a partir de atendimentos que desconsideraram aspectos importantes das famílias envolvidas em litígios processuais. Atribuiu-se tais falhas à atuação contratransferencial, falta de familiaridade com o trabalho com famílias e desconhecimento das relações de poder no trato com advogados e juízes. Alerta-se para o risco ético de se prescrever encaminhamentos jurídicos (sentenças) como resultado da avaliação psicológica, extrapolando o objeto e o objetivo da Psicologia. Reconhece-se o processo de normalização que é efetivado pela avaliação psicológica para fim de normatização da conduta pelo Poder Judiciário como forma de dirimir o conflito social. A atuação das Comissões de Ética dos Conselhos Regionais e Federal possui importante papel para garantir o exercício da cidadania e a normatização da prática psicológica. DESCRITORES: Laudo Psicológico Prova Pericial Infrações Éticas - Avaliação Psicológica Psicologia Jurídica / Psychological evaluation is a legal asset in the due process of Family Law litigations. It must fulfill certain requirements to be accepted as a means to provide truth for the justice. It must present ethical and technical requirements to be considered a result of sound recognized psychological practice. 31 complaints of professional misconduct relating to the producing of psychological evaluation documents for Family Law courts were reviewed. These complaints were filed with Professional Board for Psychology 06 and processed during 1998 and 2005. Categories of analyses were devised through available scientific literature in the field. The reasons for the complaint, the identification of the respondent (the person that the complaint is filed against) group and the criteria to review the contested document were analysed. The result shows different kinds of written documents but only three complete psychological evaluations performed for the court. The largest group of respondents were clinical child psychologists (21 respondents). 20 complaints were either dismissed or considered that a rule violation was not established. Eight psychologists were found responsible of Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct violation by making statements about people without sufficient scientific basis. Three cases expired. There is a general lack of knowledge about forensic psychological activities in Family Law courts. The forensic psychologist whose activity is to perform child custody evaluations is not the prevalent group of respondents. Almost two thirds of all the contested written reports were considered flawless. Psychological evaluations contested but not sanctioned were found valid and useful in court. Semantic or syntax problems of language or incompetence to convey psychological subject to lay people were not the basis of filed complaints. There seems to be problems with psychological evaluation strategies instead. Important dynamic family issues were ignored leading to faulty conclusions stated on written reports. Acting out of counter transference feelings, lack of experience in work with families involved in justice, and lack of knowledge of the power struggle in dealing with lawyers and judges are thought to be reasons for the misconduct. A warning is made against psychological evaluation that addresses the merit of the case, thus performing an act alien to the object and objective of psychological practice. It is recognized that psychological evaluation leads to the normalization of human conduct then ruled acceptable or not through legal standards. Social conflicts should be ruled by courts and not by psychologists. The works of Professional Board of Psychology both regional and federal are of paramount importance for the active citizenship and responsible provision of psychological services.

The purpose of this study is to examine social workers’ discourses about the Swedish sex purchase law and how they perceive that the sex purchase law and the social workers’ professional ethical principles affect the social workers’ ability to support people who are selling sex. This study is a discourse analytical interview study based on a social constructionist perspective. The study focuses on analyzing the interviews based upon an inductive method. The interviews are qualitative and semi-structured. The interviews were conducted by interviews with three social workers with experiences of working with people who sell sex. The central focus of the study is to analyze the social workers’ statements that are regarded as their perceptions. The statements serve as arguments that answers the purpose questions. The results show that the interviewed social workers perceive that the sex purchase laws do affect the social workers’ ability to support people who sell sex. On the other hand, they show disagreement on whether the social workers’ professional ethical principles affected the social workers’ ability to support people who sell sex.

Sous l’impulsion des travaux du Conseil de l’Europe, l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle s’est développée jusqu’à devenir aujourd’hui une option morale dominante en didactique des langues-cultures. En vue de clarifier la question de l’éthique professionnelle des enseignants de langue-culture en contexte multiculturel et de la constituer comme un véritable champ de recherche, notre thèse se propose d’abord d’interroger les conceptions morales véhiculées par les discours du Conseil de l’Europe en didactique des langues-cultures. Pour cela, nous recourons principalement aux apports conceptuels de la philosophie morale et plus particulièrement à la distinction entre le maximalisme et le minimalisme. Dans une perspective normative, nous montrons que l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle, en ce qu’elle repose notamment sur l’idée de perfectionnement personnel, correspond à une conception maximaliste de la morale. Face à la dérive moraliste d’une telle visée éducative, nous prônons une conception plus minimaliste, laquelle apparaît aussi comme mieux adaptée à des contextes marqués par le pluralisme moral. Dans une perspective empirique, notre étude montre un décalage entre les repères moraux mobilisés par les enseignants dans leur pratique et ceux mobilisés par les experts du Conseil de l’Europe dans leur discours. Sur la base de cette observation, nous en appelons à une prise en compte des limites contextuelles de l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle. Contre la logique de l’expertise caractéristique des travaux du Conseil de l’Europe et contre le monisme de l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle, nous proposons finalement l’idée d’une formation complexe à l’éthique, laquelle suppose une diversification des options morales disponibles en didactique des langues-cultures et, consécutivement, le développement des recherches empiriques menées sur l’éthique professionnelle des enseignants de langue-culture. / Under the impetus of the Council of Europe’s work, plurilingual and intercultural education has now grown to be a dominant moral choice in language and culture didactics. The primary aim of our dissertation is to examine the moral concepts conveyed by the Council of Europe’s discourse on language and culture didactics. This is for the purposes of clarifying the issue of professional ethics for teachers of language and culture in a multicultural context, and making it into a genuine field of research. To this end, we shall turn principally to the conceptual contributions of moral philosophy and, more specifically, to the distinction between maximalism and minimalism. From a prescriptive standpoint, we shall show that plurilingual and intercultural education, inasmuch as it is based on the notion of personal development, represents a maximalist concept of morality. Faced with the drift into excessive moralism of such an educational aim, we advocate a more minimalist model which also seems best suited to contexts marked by moral pluralism. Taking an empirical approach, our study shows a discrepancy between the moral reference points incorporated by teachers into their classroom practice and those taken up by the Council of Europe in their discourse. Based on this observation, we call for the contextual limitations of plurilingual, intercultural education to be taken into consideration. Lastly, in opposition to the system of expert assessment which is typical of the Council of Europe’s work, and contrary to the monism of plurilingual, intercultural education, we put forward the idea of sophisticated ethical training. This presupposes a diversification of the moral options available in language and culture pedagogy and, consecutively, the development of empirical research conducted into the professional ethics of teachers of language and culture.

This qualitative study was undertaken to determine the organizational values shared by the professional employees of the Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Related topics that contributed to the literature review included human and organizational values, organizational culture, strategic planning, and the philosophical foundations of the Cooperative Extension Service. Focus group interviews were conducted in each of the five administrative districts and on the University of Florida Campus. A total of 40 individuals took part in the group interviews. Transcripts of the interviews were read, coded, and sorted by themes to develop a list of twelve categories of values shared by the professionals interviewed. Coded sections of the transcripts were transferred to a descriptive matrix in order to reduce and simplify the analysis. Three groupings of values emerged from the data and were described as "communities" of values. The three communities were personal, Personal values mission-related, and structural values. were rewards, relationships, and personal history. Mission-related values were organizational history, research-based information, relevance, comprehensiveness, life-long education, diversity, and service. structural values were shared ownership and system linkages. These three communities were depicted in figures that described the relationships of the values to one another. The final discussion described the inter-relatedness of the three communities in the overall organizational structure. Recommendations were made for further study and program development for the Florida Cooperative Extension Service.

The purpose of the study was to investigate graduate social work students' attitudes about the use of social media in social work and the possible ethical implications of such use. The study used an exploratory quantitative survey design with self-administered questionnaires. Data was collected from 56 graduate social work students at California State University, San Bernardino.

This research may facilitate a discussion concerning the most efficient way of instilling social work values and ethics into the personal value systems of graduate social work students.

The thesis is focused on the topic of professional ethics in social services and its reflection in the supervisory process. The thesis is divided into two parts, the interpretation and the research, and aims to explore the topic of professional ethics in social services in the supervisory process from the perspective of supervisors. Research is conducted using qualitative research strategies, through interviews with eight supervisors. The data analysis brings several conclusions, one of them is the fact that supervision is essential for the professional ethics of social workers. Supervision contributes in that social work is based on a more conscious professionalism and less on intuition. This all brings a more comprehensive picture of the influence of supervision on the compliance with professional ethics in social services. Keywords: Ethics, professional ethics, codes of ethics, ethical dilemmas, social work, social worker, supervision, supervisor.