This research study examined perceptions of contemporary effects of colonialism among education professionals in Ghana, and the extent to which education professionals express awareness of colonialism in Ghanaian school systems and contemporary Ghanaian society. An overview of literature in Critical Race Theory, Social Justice Education Theory, Oppression Theory and Post-Colonial Theory provided the theoretical foundation that was used to guide this study. Five factors emerged from this literature review as a framework for analysis of study data. These five factors included discourse, cultural imperialism, linguistic hegemony, racism and internalized racism, and oppression. The study participants included education policy makers, administrators, counselors, teachers, and teacher educators in the educational system of Ghana. A set of thirty-two individual interviews and six focus groups comprised of twenty-seven participants were conducted in which educators described their perspectives of Ghanaian society and Ghanaian educational systems in their own words in response to a predetermined set of twelve questions. A document analysis established a baseline of data regarding the curriculum of Ghanaian schools as presented in curriculum guides, textbooks, and policy statements, handbooks and reports that describe the educational systems in Ghana today. Ghanaian educators expressed the most awareness of colonial legacies related to cultural imperialism, linguistic hegemony, internalized oppression and discourse. The findings suggest that educational professionals in Ghana demonstrate limited awareness of colonial legacies of racism and internalized racism, sexism, classism, ethnoreligious oppression and neocolonialism.

Effective educational efforts require knowledgeable health professionals to promote breastfeeding and instigate changes in individual behavior. This research was conducted to assess breastfeeding knowledge, and attitudes, beliefs, and intentions among students and professionals in health-related fields. A 5-year prospective study was conducted to investigate breastfeeding knowledge, and attitudes, beliefs, and intentions regarding breastfeeding in the workplace among nutrition students (n=69) while in school and later while in the workplace. A 47-item questionnaire was mailed to participants to survey knowledge, and attitudes, beliefs, and intentions related to breastfeeding in the workplace along with demographic information. From baseline to follow-up, nutrition students had a significant increase in breastfeeding knowledge (P<0.001), and change in attitudes (P<0.01) and change in intentions (P<0.02) regarding breastfeeding in the workplace. Sources of breastfeeding information were predictors of attitudes and intentions regarding breastfeeding in the workplace. In a separate study, a cross-sectional comparison of nutrition students (n=270) and non-nutrition students (n=271) at Virginia Tech demonstrated that nutrition students had significantly higher scores on breastfeeding knowledge, and attitudes, beliefs, and intentions regarding breastfeeding in the workplace scales (all P<0.001) compared to non-nutrition students. The 47-item questionnaire was also used in this investigation with junior, senior, and graduate students enrolled at Virginia Tech in spring of 20004. In both nutrition and non-nutrition students, attitudes and beliefs were significant predictors (both P<0.001) of intentions regarding breastfeeding in the workplace. In a final study, a cross-sectional evaluation of the Caribbean Association of Home Economics (CAHE) (n=71) revealed that respondents had mean (&#177;SD) scores of 5.76 + 1.34 for breastfeeding knowledge, 3.67 + 0.50 for attitudes, and 4.23 + 0.68 for beliefs related to breastfeeding in the workplace. Based on the 35-item survey, attitudes regarding breastfeeding in the workplace were positive predictors of beliefs (P<0.001). Overall, nutrition students, nutrition graduates, and CAHE members are knowledgeable about breastfeeding and possess positive attitudes and intentions regarding breastfeeding in the workplace. Attitudes regarding breastfeeding in the workplace are critical to intended behaviors. Nutrition program graduates may be effective educators of and advocates for breastfeeding and for breaking barriers to breastfeeding in the workplace. / Ph. D.

No / Nigerian health professionals are impacted by several global forces bearing down on them, one of which is the positive economic prospects associated with emigrating to work abroad. This emigration is an aspect of increased global mobility which has had an adverse effect on the Nigerian health economy. This is important globally because countries with the smallest healthcare workforce capacities such as Nigeria have the poorest health outcomes. The emigration of health professionals from Nigeria will continue until domestic structures such as improved healthcare infrastructures, job security, and financial rewards change for the better. Thus, it is important that measures aimed at supporting the Nigerian health workforce be implemented with a focus on building and managing for sustainability within the context of international interdependency. Accordingly, this chapter is aimed at creating a theoretical framework for building capacities and managing the challenges of the Nigerian health workforce vis-à-vis the opportunities offered by globalization.

A ferramenta do trabalho em equipe é proposta para organizar o trabalho em saúde e enfermagem como maneira de se responder às mudanças do modelo de atenção à saúde e do paradigma da atenção à saúde mental. Reconhecendo sua importância no contexto atual, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do trabalho em equipe na saúde e na enfermagem, com o objetivo de identificar a produção e analisá-la criticamente, segundo a quantidade, cronologia, procedência de nacionalidade, instituição de origem e o tipo de pesquisa; referencial teórico-metodológico adotado; resultados e suas contribuições como base de conhecimento para a assistência e a gerência dos serviços de saúde. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o processo de trabalho, de Mendes-Gonçalves e Mehry, e o trabalho em equipe, de Peduzzi. Metodologicamente, o estudo seguiu o caminho da revisão sistemática, com a busca ativa de publicações em bancos de dados on line, através de descritores e palavras-chave relacionados ao trabalho em equipe. Embora a primeira busca tenha retornado uma grande quantidade de publicações (1837 artigos), após os diversos procedimentos para seleção da literatura pertinente, foram selecionadas 70 publicações. Os resultados mostram a dificuldade em pesquisar o tema nos bancos de dados, principalmente dada a ausência de definição dos termos trabalho em equipe e interdisciplinaridade; assim como a falta de rigor metodológico e conceitual das publicações. O trabalho em equipe é concebido como um processo grupal e interdisciplinar, no qual se observa sinergia positiva, coordenação, cooperação e responsabilidade coletiva, compartilhamento de objetivos comuns e interação entre os membros, possível através da comunicação. Os elementos identificados para caracterizar o trabalho em equipe, além daqueles (já) citados na concepção, incluem a autonomia profissional, a flexibilização da divisão do trabalho e a integralidade da atenção à saúde. A conclusão do estudo destaca a necessidade de aprofundamento de pesquisas teórico-empíricas sobre o tema para fundamentar sua abordagem teórica, e fornecer subsídios para a formulação de propostas que permitam melhorar a utilização prática do trabalho em equipe, assim como sua avaliação sistemática / The tool of work as a team is proposed to organize the work in health and nursing as a way to answer to the changes of the model of primary health care and the paradigm of attention to mental health. Recognizing its importance in the current context, took place a systematic review of literature about the work as a team in health and nursing, with the objective of identifying the production and look at it critically, according to the quantity, chronology, nationality, institution of origin and the type of search; reference theoretical and methodological adopted; results and their contributions as a basis of knowledge for the care and management of health services. The theoretical reference used was the work process based in Mendez-Gonçalvez and Mehry, and work in teams, based in Peduzzi. Methodologically, the study followed the path of systematic review, with the active search for publications in databases online through descriptors and keywords related to teamwork. Although the first search has returned a large number of publications (1837 articles), after the various procedures for selecting the relevant literature, were selected 70 publications. The results include the difficulty in researching the topic in databases, particularly given the lack of definition of terms and interdisciplinary work in teams, as well as the lack of methodological rigor and conceptual of the articles. The work in teams was designed as a group and interdisciplinary process, which says positive synergy, coordination, cooperation and collective responsibility, sharing common objectives and interaction between members, possible through communication. The elements identified to characterize the work as a team, beyond those cited in the design, include a professional autonomy, the division of labour flexibility and comprehensiveness of health care. The conclusion of the study highlights the need for deepening of theoretical and empirical research on the issue to justify its theoretical approach, and provide subsidies for the formulation of proposals to improve the practical use of the work as a team, as well as its systematic assessment

Background One of the challenges to public health in Sweden is the consumption of excessive saturated fat and too little unsaturated fat. The National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW), the Swedish National Food Agency (SNFA) and the health sector work together to tackle such challenges, through educating the public on healthy dietary habits. The SNFA provides guidelines for all nutritional information but some of the guidelines have often been questioned leading to uncertainty and differing attitudes towards the consumption of fat in particular. Aims The study’s aim was to compare healthcare professionals’ attitudes to dietary fat and fat consumption to those of non-health professionals. A further aim was to assess if the named two groups gave advice on dietary habits. Method An online questionnaire survey was carried out with the participation of 260 adults recruited through convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised 13 questions and the data collected were compiled in Microsoft Excel then imported to IBM SPSS 20.0., for processing and analysis. Results were analyzed using chi-square tests with p&lt;0.05. Results A total of 73 healthcare professionals and 187 non-health professionals took part in the study.  Significantly more healthcare professionals than non-health professionals knew and were positive to established dietary advice regarding fat. There were however no differences between the two groups in the consumption of hard dietary fats. Both groups gave advice on dietary habits. Conclusions Healthcare professionals can be perceived as more knowledgeable than non-health professionals on fat consumption. The sharing of dietary advice by healthcare professionals may therefore lead to positive developments regarding those dietary guidelines that have often been questioned. This however requires that the healthcare professionals act professionally and separate what they do in private from what they advise their patients. / Bakgrund En av utmaningarna för folkhälsan i Sverige är konsumtion av för mycket mättat fett och för lite omättat fett.  Socialstyrelsen, det svenska Livsmedelsverket (SLV) och hälsosektorn arbeta tillsammans för att hantera utmaningen genom att utbilda allmänheten om goda matvanor. SLV ger riktlinjer för all näringsinformation men vissa av dessa har ifrågasatts vilket leder till osäkerhet och varierande inställning till just fett och dess konsumtion. Syfte Studiens syfte var att studera attityder till fett och fettkonsumtion bland hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och icke-vårdpersonal.  Ytterligare syfte var att se om de två grupperna gav råd om matvanor. Metod En webbaserad enkätundersökning genomfördes med deltagandet av 260 vuxna som rekryterades genom bekvämlighetsurval. Enkäten bestod av 13 frågor.  Data som samlades in sammanställdes i Microsoft Excel och fördes sedan över till IBM SPSS 20.0 för bearbetning och analys. Resultaten analyserades genom att använda chi-två test med p &lt; 0,05. Resultat Totalt deltog 73 hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och 187 icke-vårdpersonal i studien. Betydligt fler hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal än icke-vårdpersonal visste om och var positiva till etablerade kostråd om fett. Det fanns dock inga skillnader mellan de två grupperna i konsumtionen av hårda fetter i kosten. Båda grupperna gav råd om matvanor. Slutsatser Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan upplevas som mer kunniga än icke-vårdpersonal angående fettkonsumtion. Råden om matvanor från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan därför leda till positiv utveckling när det gäller de kostråd som ofta ifrågasätts. Detta kräver dock att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen agerar professionellt och separerar vad de gör privat och råd de ger till patienter.

Submitted by Nayara Bernardo de Mattos null (naybmattos@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T10:16:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Comportamento informacional de profissionais de reabilitação.pdf: 1587722 bytes, checksum: c5a4fe47fd05638d6eeae4fabcf27d11 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-13T14:07:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mattos_nb_me_mar.pdf: 1587722 bytes, checksum: c5a4fe47fd05638d6eeae4fabcf27d11 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T14:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mattos_nb_me_mar.pdf: 1587722 bytes, checksum: c5a4fe47fd05638d6eeae4fabcf27d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A busca por informações voltadas para a saúde, quer seja a respeito de tratamentos de saúde mais sofisticados, ou em relação a novos medicamentos ou até mesmo sobre novos problemas de saúde despertam o interesse de profissionais, pacientes e seus familiares e gestores. Além de informações necessárias para a condução das terapias, os profissionais podem ser questionados por pais e responsáveis pelos pacientes que podem trazer dúvidas ou convicções errôneas sobre a situação do paciente e, portanto, o profissional deve estar preparado para responder essas questões. A presente pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso no Centro de Estudados da Educação e da Saúde da UNESP. Buscou-se identificar as o comportamento de busca de informação dos membros da equipe multiprofissional e dos estagiários do Centro de Estudos da Educação e da Saúde (CEES) da UNESP, em suas ações de cuidados do paciente e nas orientações de seus familiares e/ou acompanhantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de aplicação de questionário aos estagiários e profissionais que atuam nesta instituição, para a caracterização do comportamento de busca dos sujeitos e entrevista com secretária da instituição para verificação do fluxo do encaminhamento dos pacientes e organização dos atendimentos. Participaram da pesquisa 32 sujeitos, sendo 26 estagiários e seis profissionais. Observou-se que ambos os grupos apresentam um comportamento informacional semelhante. Em relação às necessidades informacionais dos membros da equipe multiprofissional identificou-se a necessidade de orientar pais sobre condutas referentes à doenças e tratamentos. Foram identificadas as seguintes as fontes de informação utilizadas pelos participantes da pesquisa: supervisores de estágio (fonte informal), periódicos e revistas especializadas na área, artigos científicos e bases de dados, por parte dos estagiários e, para os profissionais: periódicos/sites especializados, bases de dados e a internet, de modo geral. Em relação à dificuldade em realizar buscas por informação, observou-se que os estagiários e profissionais não têm dificuldades a ponto de não encontrarem as informações necessárias para responder suas questões. Quanto ao comportamento informacional dos estagiários e dos profissionais, observa-se que as necessidades são as mesmas de modo geral, ambos buscam por informações relacionadas ao cuidado com os pacientes, sobre questões relacionadas a patologias e terapias, as questões clínicas e sobre orientações que devem ser passadas aos pacientes ou a seus responsáveis. Verificou-se, também, que há diferenças em relação ao grau de familiaridade, confiabilidade, facilidade e satisfação dos estagiários e profissionais ao lidar com determinadas fontes. / The present research tried to identify which are the features related to the information search behavior of health multi professional staff and of the trainees from Education and Health Study Center of UNESP, in their care actions of the patient and in their families/ caregivers’ instructions. The search for information related to health, either about more sophisticated health treatments or even about new medications or even so about new health problems interest professionals, patients and their families and managers. Besides the necessary information to the therapies conduction, several times the professionals can be questioned by the parents and responsible for patients who can bring doubts or mistakes about the patients’ situation and therefore the professional might be prepared to answer those questions. The present research consists in a study of a case at the Education and Health Study Center of UNESP. The data collection was carried out though a questionnaire for the trainees and professionals who act out at this institution, interview with secretary to verify the flow of the patients and organization in serving them. 32 subjects participated of the research, being 26 trainees and six professionals. It was observed that both groups present a similar informational behavior. In relation to the informational necessities of the members of the multi professional staff, it was identified the necessity of guiding parents about some kind of conduct referring to some type of sickness or treatment. The following sources of information used by the multi professional staff and the trainees were identified: intership supervisors ( informal source ), papers and specialized magazines in the area, scientific articles and data base , from trainees side. On the other hand, the professionals of the studied staff report to use with more frequency the papers/ specialized websites, data base and the internet, in a general way. In relation to the difficulty in searching for information, it was not observed that the trainees and professionals have difficulties so that they cannot find the necessary information to answer the questions. About the trainees and professionals’ informational behavior, it is noticed that the necessities are the same in a general way, both search for information related to the patients’ care, about questions related to pathologies and therapies, the clinical questions and about recommendations which must be passed for the patients or for their responsible. It was noticed also that there are differences about the degree of relationship, reliability, facility and satisfaction of the trainees and professionals when dealing with some kinds of sources.

A ferramenta do trabalho em equipe é proposta para organizar o trabalho em saúde e enfermagem como maneira de se responder às mudanças do modelo de atenção à saúde e do paradigma da atenção à saúde mental. Reconhecendo sua importância no contexto atual, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca do trabalho em equipe na saúde e na enfermagem, com o objetivo de identificar a produção e analisá-la criticamente, segundo a quantidade, cronologia, procedência de nacionalidade, instituição de origem e o tipo de pesquisa; referencial teórico-metodológico adotado; resultados e suas contribuições como base de conhecimento para a assistência e a gerência dos serviços de saúde. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o processo de trabalho, de Mendes-Gonçalves e Mehry, e o trabalho em equipe, de Peduzzi. Metodologicamente, o estudo seguiu o caminho da revisão sistemática, com a busca ativa de publicações em bancos de dados on line, através de descritores e palavras-chave relacionados ao trabalho em equipe. Embora a primeira busca tenha retornado uma grande quantidade de publicações (1837 artigos), após os diversos procedimentos para seleção da literatura pertinente, foram selecionadas 70 publicações. Os resultados mostram a dificuldade em pesquisar o tema nos bancos de dados, principalmente dada a ausência de definição dos termos trabalho em equipe e interdisciplinaridade; assim como a falta de rigor metodológico e conceitual das publicações. O trabalho em equipe é concebido como um processo grupal e interdisciplinar, no qual se observa sinergia positiva, coordenação, cooperação e responsabilidade coletiva, compartilhamento de objetivos comuns e interação entre os membros, possível através da comunicação. Os elementos identificados para caracterizar o trabalho em equipe, além daqueles (já) citados na concepção, incluem a autonomia profissional, a flexibilização da divisão do trabalho e a integralidade da atenção à saúde. A conclusão do estudo destaca a necessidade de aprofundamento de pesquisas teórico-empíricas sobre o tema para fundamentar sua abordagem teórica, e fornecer subsídios para a formulação de propostas que permitam melhorar a utilização prática do trabalho em equipe, assim como sua avaliação sistemática / The tool of work as a team is proposed to organize the work in health and nursing as a way to answer to the changes of the model of primary health care and the paradigm of attention to mental health. Recognizing its importance in the current context, took place a systematic review of literature about the work as a team in health and nursing, with the objective of identifying the production and look at it critically, according to the quantity, chronology, nationality, institution of origin and the type of search; reference theoretical and methodological adopted; results and their contributions as a basis of knowledge for the care and management of health services. The theoretical reference used was the work process based in Mendez-Gonçalvez and Mehry, and work in teams, based in Peduzzi. Methodologically, the study followed the path of systematic review, with the active search for publications in databases online through descriptors and keywords related to teamwork. Although the first search has returned a large number of publications (1837 articles), after the various procedures for selecting the relevant literature, were selected 70 publications. The results include the difficulty in researching the topic in databases, particularly given the lack of definition of terms and interdisciplinary work in teams, as well as the lack of methodological rigor and conceptual of the articles. The work in teams was designed as a group and interdisciplinary process, which says positive synergy, coordination, cooperation and collective responsibility, sharing common objectives and interaction between members, possible through communication. The elements identified to characterize the work as a team, beyond those cited in the design, include a professional autonomy, the division of labour flexibility and comprehensiveness of health care. The conclusion of the study highlights the need for deepening of theoretical and empirical research on the issue to justify its theoretical approach, and provide subsidies for the formulation of proposals to improve the practical use of the work as a team, as well as its systematic assessment

Section A situates female clinical psychologists with children within the wider socio-historical context of working-mothers. Theoretical and empirical evidence of modernist and post-modernist approaches on the development of the working-mother identity is provided. This is followed by the literature on mothers employed in the caring profession and in psychology. The review highlights the need to further explore the relationship between social, professional and personal for female clinical psychologists with children within a socio-constructionist perspective. Section B investigates the social and professional challenges encountered by female clinical psychologists with children. Clinical psychology is an increasingly female profession, and many clinical psychologists are or will be mothers. Yet, proportionately fewer reach consultant positions (Band 8c and above) compared to their male colleagues. Existing historical professional structures, and traditional societal ideologies about motherhood and employment might be continuously negotiated within broader social positionings of working-mothers. This study aimed to explore the constructions of a sample of clinical psychologists who are mothers (CP-Ms) of their social identity. Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to explore the discourses available and drawn upon by CP-Ms to construct their professional and motherhood identity, and what were the subject positions they occupied. Ten qualified female clinical psychologists with pre-school children employed in a local NHS Trust were individually interviewed. CP-Ms’ identity was constructed as either a mother or a clinical psychologist, as being similar and different to other working-mothers. CP-Ms discoursed psychological knowledge and practices as potentially damaging their motherhood experience and their social relationships; they also discoursed motherhood and psychology as mutually enriching. Motherhood and professional identity were discoursed in opposition to one another, and yet the participants also constructed their CP-M identity as a continuous dynamic journey of reframing, of which they were agentic. This study suggests that the construction of CP-Ms’ identity is complex as it involves actively negotiating contradictions and overlaps between motherhood and clinical psychology. Further research is needed. Professional and clinical implications are discussed. Section C aims to elaborate on the research skills learnt during the research process, and on the abilities that need to be further developed. It continues with a critical appraisal of the study, before reflecting on possible clinical recommendations. Lastly, a potential new project is presented.

I yrket som terapeut är ämnet suicid ständigt närvarande. När professionella terapeuter hamnar i kris blir reaktionen lika stark som hos andra människor. Vår utgångspunkt var att patientsuicid är en händelse som inte hanteras optimalt i arbetsorganisationen, vilket leder till psykiska, fysiska och sociala konsekvenser för terapeuten, både på arbetsplatsen och i privatlivet. Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen inom psykoterapiområdet om vad som händer vid ett patientsuicid, bli medveten som terapeut, enskild individ och organisation hur ett patientsuicid påverkar ur ett systemiskt perspektiv. Organisationens förbättrade förmåga att hantera ett patientsuicid bör kunna få positiv betydelse för terapeuten då kunskapen ökar om hur terapeut och system samverkar. Studien grundar sig på sex terapeuters upplevelser av patientsuicid. I resultatet framkommer vad dessa terapeuter upplevt, samt deras synpunkter på vad som skulle kunna förbättras vid framtida patientsuicid. Ett fynd vi gjort är att det bör finnas en flexibilitet i organisationen för individuella bedömningar vad gäller behov av stöd till drabbade terapeuter. Sättet på vilket terapeuter meddelas om patientsuicid, samt av vem, får olika effekter på terapeuten. Organisationen kan utvecklas vad gäller bemötandet av den terapeut som drabbas av patientsuicid. Ytterligare ett viktigt fynd och förbättringsområde är rutiner kring hantering av kontakt med anhöriga.

This study elucidates the feelings and the experiences by working with the complex of problems of self-injurious behaviour, of six professionals. The purpose with this study has been to examine the feelings and the experiences of the professionals, coming up when they meet and treat young girls with self-injurious behaviour. The empirical basis of this study is built on interviews of six female professionals, working in the County of Kalmar. The statements of the informants were analyzed out of Goffman’s Role Theory and the norm perspective on social behaviour. Through the interviews we saw that the professionals act out of the rolls that they are expected to. There are expectations from the colleagues, from the clients and from the community that every professional handles in an individual manner. The way they handle the problematic situations varies between persons and depends on the character of the circumstances. The result shows that the work of the professionals arouses many feelings. It varies what kind of feelings they experiences but they do feel fear, powerlessness, sadness, happiness and most of all frustration. They handle their feelings through tutorial, support from the co-workers and through reflection.