This study was conducted with the focus on medical and nursing education programs in the U.S. in order to learn if they include training for their students on dealing with victims of human trafficking. In order to address this goal, the survey among professors and instructors of 650 randomly selected medical and nursing education programs was conducted, where they were asked if their programs' curricula include training on recognizing victims of trafficking, as well as providing them with health care services and assistance to escape from their traffickers. The analysis of 116 received responses revealed that the majority of medical and nursing education programs do not train their students on recognizing victims of trafficking, and providing them with relevant assistance. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts / Graduate Center for Social and Public Policy / MA / Dissertation

Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

With the coming of globalization and knowledge of economy that may hence the flows of goods, finance, and people as well as the rapid changes of work force structures, many countries are starting to look for international professionals. In Taiwan, we are encountering unclear immigration policy, low birthrate, disproportionate new immigrants and industrial transformation. Therefore, it is vital to come up with an effective policy to attract foreign professionals to migrate into Taiwan for meeting the demand of industries and improve population quality. Based on ¡§Public Affairs Management Integrated Reference Framework,¡¨ this study analyzed the current difficulties and critical problems of Taiwan authority¡¦s policy for foreign professionals. Through research and discussion from domestic and overseas references, it summarized four critical cues that may affect professionals¡¦ migration. These cues are ¡§the openness of immigration regulations,¡¨ ¡§innovation of working environment,¡¨ ¡§internationalization of society and culture¡¨ and ¡§tax reduction.¡¨ With the research method of Social Judgment Theory, it treated policy stakeholders as its respondents including government staff in central government, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City and local citizens and foreign residents from Taipei City and Kaohsiung City to examine whether the disparate groups have different cognitions toward the four cues. The findings are as follows: 1. In the average weights, all groups pay the most attention to ¡§tax reduction,¡¨ followed by ¡§innovation of working environment,¡¨ ¡§internationalization of society and culture¡¨ and ¡§openness of immigration regulations.¡¨ 2. In the judgment functions, all groups have positive attitudes toward the four cues; this indicates that all groups considered the incentive of the four cues are ¡§The more, the better.¡¨ 3. In the description questions, 55% respondents don¡¦t agree that they realize the current foreign professionals¡¦ policies. Among them, 23% are government staff. 97.6% respondents agree that the political stability affects the willingness of foreign professionals to migrate into Taiwan. 4. There are two statistical findings in one-way ANOVA: (1) All groups have significant differences in ¡§openness of immigration regulations¡¨ and ¡§innovation of working environment.¡¨ (2) There are significant differences in ¡§openness of immigration regulations¡¨ and ¡§innovation of working environment¡¨ among government staff, local citizens and foreign residents in Kaohsiung City and Taipei City 5. There are two statistical findings in t-test: (1) It is insignificant in the four cues between the decision groups in Taipei City and Kaohsiung City. (2) There are significant differences in ¡§innovation of working environment,¡¨ ¡§internationalization of society and culture¡¨ between central and local government staff.

As the market for talent becomes more competitive it is important to create a comprehensive employer brand (EB). A comprehensive EB ensures that organizations will get the most out of the resources they spend. EB can be seen in many aspects and context. Organizational culture provides an important framework as it includes the collective thoughts, ideas and assumptions within a group and was therefore chosen as the analytical context. Two important aspects within EB that is highlighted in this study is; retention and attraction. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how a company that is about to create a strategy for employer branding reasons around the usage of an EB as well as which opportunities and challenges both managers, employees and thesis students face within the areas of attraction and retention. The authors chose a case study to gain a deeper understanding from both an employee and an employer perspective. The case study company is in IT and is rapidly growing which created a need for an employer brand. The data is from managers, employees and students. The students refer to a group of thesis students at the company. This group was added to increase understanding for attraction. The method section provides combined data sets including interviews, a survey, a previous study of organizational values, a review of formal company documents and informal meetings with field notes. The data was then analyzed within the analytical context culture and the two aspects retention and attraction. The data is then discussed and compared with the literature, explaining similarities and differences from the results. The first two research questions were answered by describing the organization from different points of view; management, employees and students. The third research question investigated what opportunities and challenges existed to develop an EB from the two perspectives with regard to the three areas; culture, retention and attraction. The different office locations had different cultures with a mutual customer focus. The thesis found that the unclear vision, mission and goals created different directions and messages for potential employees. The compensation and benefits package is appreciated but the most important factor for case company employees are “inspiring coworkers”. The employees also appreciate varied and challenging work tasks together with flexibility and work life balance. The authors found that the talent managers were not held accountable for company guidelines regarding career plans as most employees had little or no career plan.

El presente trabajo trata de las competencias profesionales del formador en los contextos de formación continua desde la óptica de los programas de formación de formadores. Para ello, diferentes fases y momentos han sido considerados en el mismo.Una vez planteado el problema y los objetivos del estudio, cuatro elementos definen el planteamiento del estudio: la figura profesional del formador, las competencias profesionales de éste, su formación y el contexto específico de intervención como es el de la formación continua. El planteamiento del estudio en torno a estos cuatro elementos sirven, a su vez, para estructurar e indagar el estado de estos aspectos de manera interrelacionada en la literatura y en el contexto, con el fin de establecer el marco teórico y contextual de referencia.La parte aplicada del estudio está encabezada por la presentación del diseño de la investigación. Del mismo se destacan las variables, la metodología, la muestra, los instrumentos y las limitaciones y posibilidades del estudio. A continuación se presentan los resultados desde la caracterización de las muestras hasta la presentación de las valoraciones de los encuestados y entrevistados en torno a los datos de los programas de formación de formadores analizados, en torno a los contenidos que están presentes en dichos programas y en torno a las capacidades que los encuestados valoran como disponibles y necesarias en el ejercicio de su actividad profesional.Todos los resultados obtenidos son retomados en las conclusiones presentados de forma sintética. En este sentido, las conclusiones nos muestran lo siguiente:- Desde el contexto sociolaboral se constata la problemática conceptual en torno a la formación continua. Por otra parte, las funciones de formador parecen estar más o menos claras en torno a planificación, desarrollo y evaluación de la formación, organización de la formación e investigación e innovación. También se constatan dos perfiles genéricos como son el del profesional de la formación y el del formador eventual que se van especificando en los diferentes contextos de acuerdo a funciones, destinatarios y contexto de intervención.- Desde los programas de formación de formadores, aparece el diseño como poco fundamentado, poco orientado hacia las necesidades de los participantes y a las necesidades contextuales. El desarrollo del programa aparece débil en lo que a aplicación del principio de multivariedad de estrategias metodológicas se refiere. Los resultados del programa deben reorientarse a los aspectos relacionados con la evaluación.- Por lo que a contenidos que se ponen en juego en los programas de formación de formadores aparecen dos tendencias. Por una parte, el diseño y el desarrollo de la formación están bastante resueltos en los programas, así como los aspectos psicopedagógicos. En cambio, los contextos contextuales, los relacionados con lo institucional y la investigación e innovación son más necesidades sentidas o potenciales que realidades en los programas analizados.- Finalmente, las capacidades se muestran como poco claras a la vista de los resultados contradictorios obtenidos.Finaliza el trabajo planteando propuestas en torno a la formación de los formadores para el contexto de la formación continua. Para ello, se repara en contenidos generales y en orientaciones para la organización de la formación. / The present work deals with the trainee's professional competences in the context of continuous training from the optics of the training trainee's programmes. For it, there have been considered different phases and moments.Once created the problem and the objectives of study, four elements define the exposition of the study: the trainee's professional figure, his professional competences, his training and the specific context of intervention as it is the continuous training. The exposition of the study around these four elements are used, at the same time, to structure and to investigate the state of these aspects in an interrelated way in literature and in the context, with the purpose of establish the theoretical and contextual frame of reference.The applied part of the study is headed by the presentation of the investigation design. From this, the variables stand out, the methodology, the sample, the instruments and limitations and possibilities of study. Next, results appear from the characterization of samples to the presentation of pollsters' and interviewed's valuations around the data of the analyzed training trainees' programmes, around the contents present in that programmes and around the intervewed's capacities they value as available and necessary in the exercise of their professional activity.All the obtained results are retaken in the conclusions and presented in a synthetic form. In this sense, the conclusions show us the following:* From the social and labour context, the conceptual problem around the continuous training is stated. On the other hand, the trainee's functions seem to be more or less clear around training planning, development and evaluation, training organization and investigation and innovation. Also two generic profiles are state, like the formation professional and the eventual trainee that are being specified in the different context according to functions, addressees and context of intervention.- From the training trainees' programmes, the design appears as little based, little oriented towards the participants' necessities and contextual necessities. The development of the programme appears weak in which to application of the principle of multivariety of methodologic strategies it talks about. The programme results must be reoriented towards the aspects related to evaluation.- Concerned to the contents that are exposed in the training trainees' programme, appear in it two tendencies. On the one hand, the formation design and development are solved enough in the programmes, as well as in the psycopedagogic aspects. However, the contextual contents, related to institutional, and investigation and innovation are more felt or potential necessities than realities in the analized preogrammes.- Finally, the capacities are showed as little clear to the sight of the obtained contradictory results.The work finishes raising proposals around the trainees' training in the context of continuous training. To do it so, it paid attention to general contents and in orientations for the training of trainers organization.

Introduction: Preventing healthcare professionals from acquiring occupational infectious diseases is very important in maintaining healthcare delivery systems. For protection in the work place, healthcare professionals use PPE which helps prevent exposure to pathogens during patient care. N95 respirators protect healthcare workers against airborne pathogens that are known to be associated with different respiratory diseases. Since previous studies have shown that viruses can survive on PPE surfaces, it is important to examine the survival of viruses on respirators to determine if reuse of the same N95 respirator is possible when PPE shortages occur. Goal: The goal of this research is to determine the inactivation of bacteriophage Φ6 on the surface of N95 respirators at ambient temperature and two different relative humidity levels, 40 and 60%. Result: The linear regression showed that rate of inactivation was much lower in 40% than 60% RH (40%: Slope= -0.046± 0.007040; 60%: Slope= -0.20± 0.006136). Over 24 hours, there was a ~1 Log10 reduction in virus at 20°C and 40% RH, while there was a ~4 Log10 reduction at 20°C and 60% RH. Within the timeframe of a single patient encounter, there was a <0.02 Log10 reduction in virus at 40% RH and a <0.1 Log10 reduction at 60% RH. Conclusion: Bacteriophage Φ6 survives on N95 respirators for up to 24 hours at ambient temperature and 40 and 60% relative humidity levels. Inactivation rate was lower in 40% than 60% RH. The results showed that enveloped viruses survive on the surface of N95 respirators for longer than a single patient encounter. Therefore, this should be taken into consideration when doing a risk assessment of reusing N95 respirators when shortages occur.

In this study we explore the present discourses on drugs and drug consumption in Colombia, a country known for its drugs, and foremost its cocaine production. Interviewing and analyzing the statements according to discourse theory made by the professional key actors in the country, the study asserts that three discourses are present in the Colombian context, namely the public health discourse, the deprivation discourse and the pleasure discourse. These discourses, it is demonstrated, view the consumer of psychoactive substances from different perspectives and relate consumption to different causes, consequences and solutions. While the public health discourse is closely connected to viewing the consumer as a sick person, and describes consumption mainly as addiction, the deprivation discourse rather speaks of the consumer as a marginalised person consuming to escape a harsh reality. According to the third perspective, the pleasure discourse, it is focal that the consumption is related to socialising and recreation. In the course of the exploration of this context and its discourses, attention is paid to the fact that the discourses are many times described as being in opposition to one another although the respondents commonly refer to different social classes while describing the consumer and that each discourse this way is related to certain groups in society. This study presents different Colombian perspectives on drug consumption, a so far scarcely researched area in the otherwise so scrutinized drug issue, viewed from a social work perspective.

Bakgrund: Studier visar att smärta är vanligt förekommande hos äldre personer som bor på särskilt boende. Dock kan det vara svårupptäckt speciellt hos personer med demenssjukdom som har svårt att uttrycka sig genom ord. Demens är ett samlingsnamn på olika symtom som beror på att hjärnans funktion är skadad. Sjukdomen kan ge minnessvårigheter, språkliga svårigheter samt påverkan på beteendet. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur vårdpersonalen kan identifiera smärta hos personer med demenssjukdom som har svårt att uttrycka sig genom ord. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt med ett systematiskt arbetssätt. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och PsycINFO samt genom manuella sökningar. Resultat: Resultatet visade att smärta kan identifieras hos personer med demenssjukdom genom bland annat att iaktta ansiktsuttryck, kroppsspråk, lyssna på ljud samt genom beteendeförändringar. Det visade sig att vårdpersonalen hade bristande kunskaper om smärtbedömning. En god relation till personen är en viktig utgångspunkt för att kunna identifiera smärta samt att ha kännedom om personens vanor och beteende. Slutsats: Kunskap, utbildning samt kontinuitet bland vårdpersonalen är viktiga aspekter vid identifiering av smärta. Samarbete mellan yrkesgrupperna underlättar även identifieringen av smärta. / Background: Studies show that pain is common among elderly persons living in special accommodations. However, it can be hard to detect in individuals with dementia who have difficulty expressing themselves by words. Dementia is a generic term for various symptoms attributable to damaged brain function. The disease can cause memory difficulties, language difficulties and an impact on behavior. Aim: The purpose of this study was to highlight how health professionals can identify pain in people with dementia who have difficulty expressing themselves by words. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review with a systematic approach. Data collection was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO and by manual searches. Findings: The results showed that pain can be identified in people with dementia by among other things observing facial expressions, body language, listening to sounds as well as behavioral changes. It was found that caregivers had insufficient knowledge about pain assessment. A good relationship with the person is an important starting point for the identification of pain and to have knowledge about the person's habits and behavior. Conclusion: Knowledge, education and continuity of healthcare staff are important aspects in the identification process of pain. Cooperation between professional healthcare staff groups can also facilitate the identification of pain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of emotional labor on instances of burnout by specifically focusing on real estate sales professionals. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (2008) cites the purchase or sale of a home as one of the most substantial and complicated financial events most people ever experience, thereby magnifying the challenges of work and communication in the real estate sales profession and providing a rich framework for understanding the concepts of emotional labor and burnout. A three part questionnaire focused on emotional labor and burnout was distributed to 450 real estate sales professionals in early March, 2008. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive values of emotional labor components with burnout components. Findings in this study indicated that real estate sales professionals may rarely be required to display feelings in prescribed ways due to the autonomous nature of real estate sales work. Various implications and suggestions related to identification and empathy surfaced in the discussion chapter as components of emotional labor and burnout were considered in the context of the real estate sales profession.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur kvinnor med fibromyalgi upplever vårdpersonalens bemötande och hur de önskar att bli bemötta. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats med en beskrivande design. Datainsamling skedde genom individuella intervjuer med åtta kvinnor, som alla var medlemmar i en fibromyalgiförening i Mellansverige. Data analyserades med hjälp av manifest innehållsanalys. Huvudresultatet var att vårdpersonalens bemötande av informanterna beskrevs som en upplevelse av att inte bli bekräftad. Detta grundades i deras upplevelse av att vårdpersonalen inte trodde, eller lyssnade på dem. De upplevde även att kunskapen om fibromyalgi hos vårdpersonalen var bristfällig. Informanterna beskrev även att de upplevde att de kunde känna förtroende för vårdpersonalen men att de önskade att de i större grad blev bemötta så.  De beskrev en önskan om att vårdpersonalen i högre grad skulle lyssna på dem, visa förståelse och ge dem information om sin sjukdom. Slutsatsen var att känna förtroende för vårdpersonalen bygger på att bli lyssnad till och få förståelse för sin sjukdom av vårdpersonalen samt att få information. Att bli misstrodd och/eller ej lyssnad på av vårdpersonalen samt brist på kunskap hos vårdpersonalen upplevdes som att inte bli bekräftad. / The aim of the study was to describe how women with fibromyalgia experienced health care professionals´ response and how they wish to be responded. The study had a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were obtained from individual interviews with eight women, who were all members of a fibromyalgia association in central Sweden. Data were analyzed using manifest content analysis. The main result was that the informants experienced the health care professionals as not confirming them. This was based on the informants’ experience of not being believed or listened to. They also felt that the knowledge of fibromyalgia among health care professional was poor. The informants also described that they could trust the health care professionals but that they wished that they to a greater extent was responded that way. They described a desire that the health care professionals in greater extent should listen to them, show an understanding and give them information. The conclusion was that the confidence of health care professionals is based on being listened to and to be showed an understanding of their disease and to receive information. To be discredited and / or not being listened to and lack of knowledge among the health care professionals about fibromyalgia was perceived as not being confirmed.