Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andressa Pereira LopesCAPA, CON...pdf: 233098 bytes, checksum: dbe51013cf3967dc9b0d21ad474bc00b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objectives of this study were to relate psychoactive substances abuse and anxiety, check the levels of anxiety and the most consumed psychoactive substances, and associated psychoactive substance use and anxiety among high school students from public and private schools in the city of Maceio. Students and institutions that participated of the research were selected by not-probabilist sampling for convenience. This was a study of correlational delineation. The sample was of 407 students, aged 14 to 18 years. The research was conducted in seven schools, being four of state public net and three of the particular net. The participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire; the Adolescent Anxiety Scale (AAS); and a questionnaire about consumption of psychoactive substances. It was made the analysis of the relations between psychoactive substance consumption and anxiety by means of the Qui-Square test and Fisher exact tests. Alcohol was the legal substance most consumed by students, while the solvent, the most popular illicit substance by this group. The participants had a presented a greater percentage in the moderate level: 28%. There was a statistically significant difference between the consumption of psychoactive substances and moderate anxiety in adolescents. The use in life of solvents (p = 0,037) and energy drinks (p = 0,023); use in the year of cigarette (p = 0,043) and alcohol (p = 0,007); and frequent use of alcohol (p = 0,001) correlated with anxiety. There were significant differences between psychoactive substance use and anxiety in the types of school: In public school, there was a relationship between students who reported cigarette consumption in life and in the year, among participants who made use of solvents and energy drinks in life with severe anxiety (p = 0,022; p = 0,003; p = 0,010, p = 0,044, respectively); and among students who reported making frequent consumption of alcoholic drinks with moderate anxiety (p = 0,007). In private school, there was a relationship between students who drank alcohol in years with moderate anxiety (p = 0,011). The research found the need to carry out projects of health promotion and drug prevention that aim to increasing the reflection about lifestyle and anxiety.Ouvir / Os objetivos deste estudo foram: relacionar o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e ansiedade, verificar os níveis de ansiedade e as substâncias psicoativas mais consumidas, e associar consumo de substâncias psicoativas e ansiedade entre estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas e particulares da cidade de Maceió. Os estudantes e as instituições que participaram da pesquisa foram selecionados por meio de amostragem não-probabilística por conveniência. Tratou-se de um estudo de delineamento correlacional. A amostra foi de 407 estudantes, com idade de 14 a 18 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada em sete escolas, sendo quatro da rede pública estadual e três da rede particular. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sóciodemográfico; à Escala de Ansiedade do Adolescente (EAA); e a um questionário sobre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas. Foi feita a análise das relações entre consumo de substâncias psicoativas e ansiedade por meio do teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. O álcool foi a substância lícita mais consumida pelos estudantes, enquanto o solvente, a substância ilícita mais consumida por esse grupo. Os participantes apresentaram maior percentual no nível moderado: 28%. Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e ansiedade nos adolescentes. O uso na vida de solventes (p=0,037) e energéticos (p=0,023); uso no ano de cigarro (p=0,043) e bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,007); e uso freqüente de bebidas alcoólicas (p<0,001) relacionou-se com ansiedade moderada. Houve diferença significativa entre consumo de substâncias psicoativas e ansiedade nos tipos de escola: Na escola pública, houve relação entre estudantes que disseram consumir cigarro na vida e no ano, e entre os que fizeram uso na vida de solventes e energéticos com ansiedade grave (p=0,022; p=0,003; p=0,010;p=0=0,44, respectivamente); e entre estudantes que afirmaram ter feito consumo freqüente de bebidas alcoólicas com ansiedade moderada (p=0,007). Na escola particular, houve relação entre estudantes consumiram bebidas alcoólicas no ano com ansiedade moderada (p=0,011). A pesquisa verificou a necessidade de se realizarem projetos de prevenção de drogas e promoção de saúde que visem aumentar a reflexão sobre o estilo de vida e ansiedade.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O uso de substÃncias psicoativas no universo acadÃmico possui caracterÃsticas prÃprias dessa clientela. Objetivando traÃar um perfil epidemiolÃgico do uso de substÃncias psicoativas no universo acadÃmico, esta pesquisa, de carÃter quantitativa, foi aplicada a 325 acadÃmicos da Faculdade de FarmÃcia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Utilizou-se um questionÃrio com perguntas fechadas e divididas em dois momentos: o primeiro contendo a caracterizaÃÃo sÃcio-demogrÃfica da clientela em estudo e, o segundo momento com a caracterizaÃÃo do uso e freqÃÃncia de uso dos acadÃmicos em questÃo. Os resultados foram mostrados atravÃs de tabelas e grÃficos, com retorno à literatura pertinente. Como resultados temos uma amostra predominantemente feminina (66%), com faixa etÃria em torno dos 21 anos, solteira (90%), catÃlicos(72%), somente estudantes (75%), residentes com os pais (78%), com renda familiar em torno de 6 a 15 salÃrios mÃnimos, que se auto-denominam otimistas (60%) e com disposiÃÃo para virem à faculdade (66,5%). Com relaÃÃo ao uso e freqÃÃncia de uso de substÃncias psicotrÃpicas, os acadÃmicos fazem uso atual de etÃlicos (30%), tabaco (5,5%) e inalantes (5,5%), maconha (4%) e cocaÃna e seus derivados (1%). O uso à esporÃdico dessas substÃncias. ConcluÃmos que a amostra pesquisada corresponde a um terÃo aproximado do universo acadÃmico e que o uso de substÃncias psicoativas estÃo relacionadas entre outros fatores com a caracterizaÃÃo sÃcio-demogrÃfica dos acadÃmicos. Sugerimos que a pesquisa amplie as discussÃes relativas ao tema, que haja a inclusÃo dessa temÃtica no currÃculo, que haja campanhas e serviÃos de atenÃÃo voltados para o usuÃrio acadÃmico. / The psychoactive substance use in the academic universe possesss proper characteristics of this clientele. Objectifying to trace a profile epidemiologist of the psychoactive substance use in the academic universe, this research, of quantitative character, it was applied the 325 academics of the Pharmacy College, Odontologia and Enfermagem of the Federal University of the CearÃ. A questionnaire with closed and divided questions at two moments was used: the first one I contend the partner-demographic characterization of the clientele in study and, as the moment with the characterization of the use and frequency of use of the academics in question. The results had been shown through graphical tables and, with return to pertinent literature. As results we have a predominantly feminine sample (66%), with etÃria band around the 21 years, bachelor (90%), catholics (72%), only students (75%), residents with the parents (78%), with familiar income around 6 the 15 minimum wages, that if optimists (60%) auto-call and with disposal for they capsize the college (66.5%). With regard to the use and frequency of psicotrÃpicas substance use, the academics make current use of etÃlicos (30%), tobacco (5.5%) and inalantes (5.5%), marijuana (4%) and cocaine and its derivatives (1%). The use is sporadical of these substances. We conclude that the searched sample corresponds to one terÃo approach of the academic universe and that the psychoactive substance use is among others related factors with the partner-demographic characterization of the academics. We suggest that the research extends the relative quarrels to the subject, that has the inclusion of this thematic one in the resume, that has campaigns and services of attention directed toward the academic user.

In this study we explore the present discourses on drugs and drug consumption in Colombia, a country known for its drugs, and foremost its cocaine production. Interviewing and analyzing the statements according to discourse theory made by the professional key actors in the country, the study asserts that three discourses are present in the Colombian context, namely the public health discourse, the deprivation discourse and the pleasure discourse. These discourses, it is demonstrated, view the consumer of psychoactive substances from different perspectives and relate consumption to different causes, consequences and solutions. While the public health discourse is closely connected to viewing the consumer as a sick person, and describes consumption mainly as addiction, the deprivation discourse rather speaks of the consumer as a marginalised person consuming to escape a harsh reality. According to the third perspective, the pleasure discourse, it is focal that the consumption is related to socialising and recreation. In the course of the exploration of this context and its discourses, attention is paid to the fact that the discourses are many times described as being in opposition to one another although the respondents commonly refer to different social classes while describing the consumer and that each discourse this way is related to certain groups in society. This study presents different Colombian perspectives on drug consumption, a so far scarcely researched area in the otherwise so scrutinized drug issue, viewed from a social work perspective.

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti nuteistųjų asmenybės bruožų (ekstraversijos, neurotiškumo, psichotiškumo), psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo ir polinkio savižudybei sąsajas Tyrime dalyvavo 55 Pravieniškių trečiųjų pataisos namų ir 101 Pravieniškių antrųjų pataisos namų – atvirosios kolonijos nuteistieji. Iš viso 156 tiriamieji. Tiriamųjų amžius 18 – 61 m., amžiaus vidurkis 29.9 m . Tai pilnamečiai vyrai, nuteisti laisvės atėmimu už tyčinius sunkius ir labai sunkius nusikaltimus, kuriems teismas nustatė atlikti bausmę pataisos namuose. Tyrime buvo naudojamas H. ir S. Eysenck asmenybės klausimyno (EPQ) lietuviškas variantas. Nuteistųjų polinkio savižudybei ir psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo rodikliams įvertinti buvo naudojami papildomi klausimai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad: 1) turintiems polinkį savižudybei (mintys apie savižudybę, savižudybės planai, bandymai žudytis) būdingi aukštesni neurotiškumo rodikliai lyginant su neturinčiais polinkio savižudybei; 2) vartojantys psichoaktyvias medžiagas (rūkantys, vartojantys alkoholį bei kitas psichoaktyvias medžiagas) aukštesnio neurotiškumo asmenys neturi didesnio polinkio savižudybei (minčių, planų, bandymų) lyginant su aukštesnio neurotiškumo nevartojančiais psichoaktyvių medžiagų asmenimis; 3) Vartojantys psichoaktyvias medžiagas (rūkantys, vartojantys alkoholį bei kitas psichoaktyvias medžiagas) aukštesnio psichotiškumo asmenys neturi didesnio polinkio savižudybei (minčių, planų, bandymų) lyginant su aukštesnio psichotiškumo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the research is to determine relations among personal features of convicted persons (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism), usage of psychoactive substances and tendency to suicide. The research included 55 convicts in Pravieniskes penitentiary No. 3 and 101 convicts in Pravieniskes penitentiary No.2 – open colony. Total number of participants was 156. Age of participants was from 18 to 61 years old, average age – 29.9 years old. They are adult men, imprisoned for intentional difficult or very difficult crimes, which according to court's decision must serve a sentence in penitentiary. Lithuanian version of H. and S. Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) was used. Additional questions were used to evaluate indexes of usage of psychoactive substance and tendency to suicide of convicts. Results of research showed that:1) Persons susceptible to suicide (suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts) are characterized by higher degree of neuroticism compared to not inclinable ones; 2) Higher neurotics persons, who use psychoactive substances (smokers, alcohol beverage drinkers) don’t have a greater tendency to suicide (thoughts, plans, suicide attempts), when compared with higher neurotics unpractised ones; 3) Higher psychotics persons, who use psychoactive substances (smokers, alcohol beverage drinkers) don’t have greater tendency to suicide (thoughts, plans, suicide attempts), when compared with higher psychotics unpractised ones; 4) Higher introversion persons, who use... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti priekabiautojų - aukų, tik priekabiautojų ir tik patyčių aukų bei į patyčias neįsitraukusių paauglių savęs vertinimo ir psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo ypatumus. Tyrime dalyvavo 211 Kauno Antano Smetonos gimnazijos mokinių: 140 (66 proc.) mergaičių ir 71 (34 proc.) berniukas. Tirtų mokinių amžius nuo 12 iki 18 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 15 m. Tiriamieji buvo apklausiami mokykloje klasės valandėlių ir pamokų metu, gavus raštiškus mokyklos direktorės ir paauglių iki 16 m. tėvų sutikimus. Apklausą padėjo atlikti mokyklos psichologė. Patyčių dalyvių vaidmenų nustatymui buvo pasirinktas R. Povilaičio ir J. Valiukevičiūtės (2006) klausimynas, savęs vertinimui tirti buvo pasirinkta M. Rosenberg (1965) savęs vertinimo skalė ir psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimui nustatyti – R. Jessor ir kt. (1992) sveikos elgsenos klausimynas. Tiriamieji turėjo atsakyti į 26 klausimus. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad į patyčias neįsitraukę paaugliai pasižymi aukštesniu savęs vertinimu nei į patyčias įsitraukę paaugliai. Į patyčias neįsitraukusios paauglės – mergaitės alkoholį vartoja rečiau nei priekabiautojos – aukos ar tik priekabiautojos. Dažniausiai iš visų patyčių dalyvių vaidmenų grupių cigaretes rūko priekabiautojos – aukos mergaitės; rečiausiai cigaretes rūko patyčių aukos ir į patyčias neįsitraukusios paauglės mergaičių grupėje. Analizuojant sąsajas tarp patyčių dalyvių vaidmenų savęs vertinimo ir psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to investigate self-esteem and psychoactive substance use peculiarities of bully-victims, pure bullies, pure victims and adolescents who do not engage in bullying. The subjects of the study were 211 school – children from Kaunas Antanas Smetona gymnasium: 140 (66 per cent) girls and 71 (34 per cent) boys at the age of 12 – 18. The mean age of the school - children was 15 years. The participants were interviewed during the lessons with permissions of the gymnasium director and younger than 16 years adolescent’s patents. The gymnasium psychologist helped to interview adolescents. Bullying roles were found with Evaluation of the prevalence of bullying questionnaire by R. Povilaitis and J. Valiukevičiūtė (2006), self-esteem was assessed with Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) and psychoactive substance use was assessed with Health behavior questionnaire by R. Jessor et al. (1992). The participants were asked to fill in the form of 26 questions. The results of the study showed that adolescents, who do not engage in bullying, are higher self-esteem than adolescents, who engage in bullying. Girls, who do not engage in bullying, more rarely use alcohol than bully-victims and pure bullies. Bully-victim girls more often smoke cigarettes than other bullying roles; girls, who do not engage in bullying, and pure victims girls more rarely smoke cigarettes than other bullying roles. The analysis of the relationship between self-esteem of bullying roles and... [to full text]

8 HANZLOVSKÝ, Michal. Vplyv užívania psychoaktívnych látok na pracovné správanie : psychická vulnerabilita k alkoholovej závislosti u manažérov. Diplomová práca. Praha: Univerzita Karlova v Praze. Filozofická fakulta. Katedra psychologie, 2011. 104 s. Vedúci diplomovej práce Doc. PhDr. Milan Rymeš, CSc. Abstract The presented thesis focuses on the topic of psychoactive substance addictions in terms of work and organisational psychology. Specifically, we introduce these issues of dependence with people in managerial positions, and their impact on work-related functions and leadership. Besides the principal clinical contexts of addictions as biopsychosocial issues, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the problems of stress and mental vulnerability of managers to alcohol dependency with an emphasis to problems of alcohol at the workplace. The practical part of the paper presents a screening of alcohol abuse on the sample of Czech managers. Key words: alcohol, alcohol abuse, psychoactive substance, addiction, manager, stress, mental vulnerability

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Roberto Spiaze.pdf: 680923 bytes, checksum: 927bda8d407e14fc66d6dd1572628761 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-16 / The central theme in this research is the relation between religion, the use of psychoactive substances and the concepts of infirmities and illnesses and seeks to investigate religion as a regulating and controlling factor regarding the abusive use of psychoactive substances. This work demonstrates that the concepts comprehending the researched themes result from a historical and cultural construction effectuated by diverse powers acting on human society. Besides, the observed nowadays phenomena of abusive use of psychoactive substances originates from the emptying of existential meaning in human society, what affects both its interpersonal relationships and also its cultural elements, here included the psychoactive substances. Based on the bibliographic investigative method, this work has realized a theoretical construction that points to a possible attempt to set out this mental health issue by reestablishing the meaning of both the relationships and the cultural elements, and also showing that religion, even when pathologically manifested, may be a factor of prevention to the abusive use of such substances as it expresses a deep and religious experience. The social and symbolic condition found by the individual in the religious deal will make possible a more suitable environment to the human being, who is a symbolic being and needs signification to provide a healthy development of all its aspects. / Esta pesquisa tem como temática central a relação entre a religião, o uso de substâncias psicoativas e os conceitos de enfermidade e doença e busca investigar se a religião é fator de regulação e controle do consumo abusivo de substâncias psicoativas. Este trabalho demonstra que os conceitos que envolvem as temáticas estudadas são resultados de uma construção histórica e cultural, realizada pelas diversas forças atuantes na sociedade, além disto, o fenômeno que se observa hoje, quanto ao uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas, resulta do esvaziamento de significado existencial da sociedade, que afeta tanto os seus relacionamentos interpessoais como também seus elementos culturais, dentre eles, as substâncias psicoativas. Valendo-se do método de investigação bibliográfica, este trabalho realizou uma construção teórica que aponta para uma possível ação de se tentar equacionar este problema de saúde mental, com o restabelecimento de significado dos relacionamentos e dos elementos culturais, mostrando que a religião, ainda que diversas vezes manifestada patologicamente, quando expressado pela experiência religiosa e espiritual profunda, pode significar fator de proteção ao uso abusivo destas substâncias. A condição social e simbólica que o sujeito encontra no trato religioso possibilitará um ambiente mais adequado ao ser humano, que é um ser simbólico e que necessita de significados para um desenvolvimento saudável de todos os seus aspectos.

O objetivo principal da presente tese foi explorar características emocionais em homens internados por Transtornos Relacionados a Substâncias (TRS). Realizamos dois estudos empíricos inéditos envolvendo personalidade, autoestima e esperança. O primeiro objetivou identificar características preditivas do motivo de alta, com foco na personalidade. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte com 90 homens internados voluntariamente em uma unidade especializada em um hospital público de Porto Alegre. Consideramos também variáveis sociodemográficas, psicossociais e de saúde. Durante a internação, foi aplicado o Inventário de Personalidade do DSM-5 (PID-5), versão brasileira, com base no Modelo Alternativo do DSM-5 para os Transtornos da Personalidade. As demais variáveis foram coletadas por autorrelato e registros nos prontuários. Os motivos de alta foram consultados nos prontuários e categorizados como adesão e não adesão, para regressão de Poisson multivariável. Houve três variáveis preditivas de alta por não adesão: menos idade, estar sozinho no momento da baixa e escores mais altos no domínio Antagonismo. Os dados ainda corroboram a validade do PID-5 e a aplicabilidade do modelo à área clínica. O segundo estudo investigou autoestima e esperança nos mesmos participantes. Foram aplicadas as versões brasileiras da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e da Escala de Esperança Disposicional, além de investigadas associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, psicossociais e de saúde, além de comparados alcoolistas, usuários de crack/cocaína e os grupos normativos de cada escala, através de correlação de Pearson, teste t de Student, teste exato de Fischer e ANOVA. Autoestima e esperança apresentaram uma correlação positiva e moderada entre si. Pacientes com apoio social apresentaram autoestima maior, e os que já tentaram suicídio apresentaram esperança menor. Comparando com o grupo normativo, os dois grupos clínicos apresentaram autoestima baixa. Os alcoolistas apresentaram esperança preservada, enquanto os usuários de crack/cocaína apresentaram esperança menor, mas esse achado deve ser melhor investigado. Cogita-se que a esperança seja uma via de intervenção para reabilitação, sob a ótica da psicologia positiva. É necessário mais estudos acerca dos focos da presente tese, principalmente por se tratar de uma pesquisa inovadora. / The main objective of this doctoral dissertation was to explore emotional characteristics in men hospitalized because of Substance-Related Disorders (SRD), in particular, personality, self-esteem and hope. Two empirical studies were performed. The first one aimed to identify predictive characteristics of reason hospital discharge, focusing on personality. This is a cohort study with 90 inpatients admitted voluntarily in a specialized unit in a public hospital in Porto Alegre. We also considered sociodemographic, psychosocial and health variables. During hospitalization, the brazilian version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was applied, based on the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders. The other variables were collected by self-report and medical records. The reasons for discharge were consulted in the records and categorized as adherence and non-adherence in order to perform multivariate Poisson regression. There were three predictor variables of discharge for non-adherence: younger age, being alone at the time of hospitalization and higher scores on Antagonism domain. Data still corroborate the validity of the PID-5 and the applicability of the model to clinical area. The second study sought to investigate self-esteem and hope in the same participants. We applied the brazilian versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and of the Dispositional Hope Scale and investigated associations with sociodemographic, psychosocial and health variables, as well as compared alcoholics, crack/cocaine users and normative groups of both scales by Pearson correlation, Student's t test, Fischer’s exact test and ANOVA. Self-esteem and hope showed a moderate positive correlation to each other. Patients with social support had higher self-esteem, and those who have attempted suicide showed less hope. Compared to the normative group, the two clinical groups had low self-esteem. Alcoholics showed preserved hope, while crack/cocaine users showed less hope, but this finding needs to be better investigated. It is thought that hope is an intervention pathway to rehabilitation, from the perspective of positive psychology. Thus, further more studies about the focus of this thesis are necessary, mainly because it is an innovative research.

Dissertation analyzed prerequisites of psychoactive substance use prevention improvement which are predetermined by modern cultural changes, globalization, shifting needs of young people, new psychoactive substances appearing in the market, new ways of psychoactive substance distribution (e.g. the Internet), quality standards for psychoactive substance use prevention designed in Europe and in the world, and reality of implementation of mentioned substance use prevention in the recovered Independent Lithuania. The dissertation analyzed what possibilities of psychoactive substance use prevention improvement were residing in national, municipal and school levels, and what main problematic fields were highlighted by prerequisites of psychoactive substance use prevention expression in secondary school. In the first part of the dissertation different conceptions of psychoactive substance use prevention were submitted, importance of theories and methods grounding measures for psychoactive substance use prevention and meaning to ensure efficiency of ongoing prevention programs were expressed, prerequisites for prevention of psychoactive substance use were determined and their groups divided, that based model of psychoactive substance use prevention improvement. Methodology of the research for psychoactive substance use prevention improvement was grounded in the second part of the dissertation. In the third part theory based model of psychoactive substance use prevention improvement... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos tobulinimo prielaidas lemia dabartiniam laikotarpiui būdingi kultūros pokyčiai, globalizacija, besikeičiantys jaunų asmenų poreikiai, rinkoje atsirandančios naujos psichoaktyviosios medžiagos, nauji jų platinimo būdai (pvz. internetas), Europoje ir pasaulyje kuriami psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos kokybės standartai bei šių medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos vykdymo tikrovė nepriklausomybę atkūrusioje Lietuvoje. Disertacijoje analizuojama, kokios psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos tobulinimo galimybės slypi nacionaliniame, savivaldybės ir mokyklos lygmenyse bei kokius pagrindinius probleminius laukus išryškina psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos prielaidų raiška bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje. Pirmoje disertacijos dalyje pateikiamos skirtingos psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos sampratos, išryškinama psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos priemones pagrindžiančių teorijų ir modelių svarba bei reikšmė vykdomų prevencijos programų veiksmingumui užtikrinti, nustatomos psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos prielaidos ir išskiriamos jų grupės, kurių pagrindu kuriamas psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos tobulinimo modelis. Antroje disertacijos dalyje pagrindžiama psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų vartojimo prevencijos tobulinimo tyrimo metodologija. Trečioje dalyje empiriniais tyrimais patvirtinamas teoriškai pagrįstas psichoaktyviųjų medžiagų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

O objetivo principal da presente tese foi explorar características emocionais em homens internados por Transtornos Relacionados a Substâncias (TRS). Realizamos dois estudos empíricos inéditos envolvendo personalidade, autoestima e esperança. O primeiro objetivou identificar características preditivas do motivo de alta, com foco na personalidade. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte com 90 homens internados voluntariamente em uma unidade especializada em um hospital público de Porto Alegre. Consideramos também variáveis sociodemográficas, psicossociais e de saúde. Durante a internação, foi aplicado o Inventário de Personalidade do DSM-5 (PID-5), versão brasileira, com base no Modelo Alternativo do DSM-5 para os Transtornos da Personalidade. As demais variáveis foram coletadas por autorrelato e registros nos prontuários. Os motivos de alta foram consultados nos prontuários e categorizados como adesão e não adesão, para regressão de Poisson multivariável. Houve três variáveis preditivas de alta por não adesão: menos idade, estar sozinho no momento da baixa e escores mais altos no domínio Antagonismo. Os dados ainda corroboram a validade do PID-5 e a aplicabilidade do modelo à área clínica. O segundo estudo investigou autoestima e esperança nos mesmos participantes. Foram aplicadas as versões brasileiras da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e da Escala de Esperança Disposicional, além de investigadas associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, psicossociais e de saúde, além de comparados alcoolistas, usuários de crack/cocaína e os grupos normativos de cada escala, através de correlação de Pearson, teste t de Student, teste exato de Fischer e ANOVA. Autoestima e esperança apresentaram uma correlação positiva e moderada entre si. Pacientes com apoio social apresentaram autoestima maior, e os que já tentaram suicídio apresentaram esperança menor. Comparando com o grupo normativo, os dois grupos clínicos apresentaram autoestima baixa. Os alcoolistas apresentaram esperança preservada, enquanto os usuários de crack/cocaína apresentaram esperança menor, mas esse achado deve ser melhor investigado. Cogita-se que a esperança seja uma via de intervenção para reabilitação, sob a ótica da psicologia positiva. É necessário mais estudos acerca dos focos da presente tese, principalmente por se tratar de uma pesquisa inovadora. / The main objective of this doctoral dissertation was to explore emotional characteristics in men hospitalized because of Substance-Related Disorders (SRD), in particular, personality, self-esteem and hope. Two empirical studies were performed. The first one aimed to identify predictive characteristics of reason hospital discharge, focusing on personality. This is a cohort study with 90 inpatients admitted voluntarily in a specialized unit in a public hospital in Porto Alegre. We also considered sociodemographic, psychosocial and health variables. During hospitalization, the brazilian version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was applied, based on the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders. The other variables were collected by self-report and medical records. The reasons for discharge were consulted in the records and categorized as adherence and non-adherence in order to perform multivariate Poisson regression. There were three predictor variables of discharge for non-adherence: younger age, being alone at the time of hospitalization and higher scores on Antagonism domain. Data still corroborate the validity of the PID-5 and the applicability of the model to clinical area. The second study sought to investigate self-esteem and hope in the same participants. We applied the brazilian versions of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and of the Dispositional Hope Scale and investigated associations with sociodemographic, psychosocial and health variables, as well as compared alcoholics, crack/cocaine users and normative groups of both scales by Pearson correlation, Student's t test, Fischer’s exact test and ANOVA. Self-esteem and hope showed a moderate positive correlation to each other. Patients with social support had higher self-esteem, and those who have attempted suicide showed less hope. Compared to the normative group, the two clinical groups had low self-esteem. Alcoholics showed preserved hope, while crack/cocaine users showed less hope, but this finding needs to be better investigated. It is thought that hope is an intervention pathway to rehabilitation, from the perspective of positive psychology. Thus, further more studies about the focus of this thesis are necessary, mainly because it is an innovative research.