Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, 2010. / Culturally determined gender roles restricted women’s freedom, choice and rights and as such, it is not surprising that women have long been neglected in development. It is only recently that attention was given to women and particularly rural women who are actively engaged in productive labor. At the Beijing plan of action conference in 1995, it was highlighted that though poverty affects men and women, but because of gender role and responsibility women bear a greater burden and it was recommended that: • Polices and programs for women be developed in order to alleviate poverty, with their full participation and respect for cultural diversity. • Mobilization to improve the effectiveness of anti-poverty programs directed at disadvantaged people. Several programs have been developed by the government in order to empower women. This study therefore is aimed at assessing the impact of social development programs on participating women at Amajuba district Municipality in KwaZulu Natal. These programs are developed by women and required their full participation. They are funded by the government for sustainability. The researcher’s respondents were selected from members who are participating. An evaluative research method was utilized as it assesses the implementation and usefulness of social interventions. Higson –Smith (1995:47) stated that evaluation research is aimed at testing interventions, to see how effective they are, and therefore, represents an important means of linking action and research in a constructive manner. Evaluation research can furnish evidence of the usefulness of a program. Findings revealed that women benefited through participation in these programs, as they were also capacitated on activities they were engaged in. They were not successful to generate enough income to sustain their families. Implementation of recommendations made on chapter 6 will develop projects to small businesses so that participants can maintain their families and, contribute to the economy of the country.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education (Educational Psychology) at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014. / The current investigation consists of one aim and two objectives. The aim is to evaluate drug abuse prevention programmes for adolescents in secondary schools and the effect that they have on attitudes, knowledge and behaviour. The objectives are to determine the effectiveness of the drug abuse prevention programmes on attitude, knowledge and behaviour on adolescents and the relationship between them. The research methodology was in the form of a quantitative survey. A questionnaire was administered to a group of grades 10 and 11 learners between ages 14 to 25 from four selected schools. Twenty-five year olds were included in the target group as it is not unusual for adult learners to still be at school with minors, especially in rural areas. This may have an influence on adolescents’ attitudes towards drug abuse. It was therefore of utmost importance for them to understand the effects of abusing drugs. Respondents were randomly selected with the help of Life Orientation Educators in each school. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample population of one hundred learners. Ten of these questionnaires were not properly completed and therefore were not included in the final analysis. The results demonstrated that the use of drugs is prevalent in the surveyed schools and respondents were aware of its consequences. The results also demonstrated that a significant number of the respondents had a negative attitude toward the use of drugs, while a small number of respondents did not see any problem in using drugs. It was concluded that the influence on behavioural change in the schools surveyed is not due to formal prevention programmes but to the involvement of parents and peer educators, who are not involved in formal programmes for drug prevention. Furthermore, it was found that in these schools no programmes were available for the education of learners about drug abuse and its consequences. While respondents have shown a positive attitude and behaviour toward drugs and its use, it is important to note that formal drug prevention programmes do not seem to exist in schools and where they are claimed to exist, they refer to life skills programmes and drug awareness programmes.

Unemployment and abject poverty in South Africa are widespread, persistent and disproportionately high. These problems are aggravated by inadequate capacity at all tiers of government and huge infrastructure backlogs in rural South Africa. Employment-intensive means of infrastructure delivery have been successfully implemented in several sub-Saharan African countries and elsewhere to generate employment and reduce poverty. It should be possible to replicate similar large-scale national programmes in South Africa. But South Africa has failed. Both prior to and since 1994, several supposedly employment-intensive programmes have been implemented in South Africa with poor results. In an endeavour to contribute to future South African policy and good practices regarding employment, this thesis describes and analyses in detail five major Sub-Saharan programmes and reaches conclusions regarding their achievements and shortcomings. Lessons derived bridge the knowledge gap between the large-scale programmes embarked upon in the sub-Saharan countries in the mid-1980s and the year 2007; these lessons should be applied to future endeavours in South Africa to generate significant employment per unit of expenditure and contribute to poverty alleviation. A major conclusion reached was that the success of employment-intensive infrastructure development programmes depends to a large extent on fundamental factors such as appropriate and implementable policy, government commitment, adequate and sustainable funding, adequate capacity and good preparation. Specifically, the thesis demonstrated that prior to implementation a sufficient timeframe is required for programme preparation in order to make significant contribution towards poverty reduction. Equally, national programme expansion requires a strategic balance between centralisation and decentralisation. In particular, for programme extension and decentralisation, due regard must be given to training and capability building and available resources. Deriving from the thesis’ major conclusions, the author developed three crucially important frameworks for anti-poverty infrastructure development programmes, namely; a four-phased model for evaluating the chances of success of infrastructure programmes, a five-phased result-oriented guidelines for testing the workability of infrastructure development policies, and a practical guideline for monitoring and evaluating employment-creation programmes that maximises the benefits thereof and pre-empts institutional memory loss through systematic knowledge management.

In South Africa, the levels of unemployment and poverty are extremely high and these are two of South Africa’s most pressing problems. Over the past 28 years several major programmes have been initiated in South Africa to counter unemployment and poverty. Between 1980 and 1994, the former government spent billions of Rands on large-scale development programmes with the stated objective of using labour-intensive methods during the provision of physical infrastructure, to create employment and alleviate poverty. However, this did not solve the unemployment problem. Since 1994 the African National Congress (ANC) government has implemented large-scale programmes with similar objectives to those before 1994. After an analysis of the theoretical premises and implementation of labour-intensive public works programmes in Africa, the thesis critically evaluated several pre - and post - 1994 large-scale development programmes in South Africa. Major conclusions are that very little sustainable employment was created and there was no long-term programme approach to address poverty alleviation. Furthermore, lessons that could have been learnt from pre – 1994 have not been applied in the post 1994 period. Shortcomings in programme planning and implementation of large-scale development programmes in South Africa still exist. Another major conclusion is that the pre-1994 lessons were not taken into considerations in the post-1994 programme planning and implementation. Based on the research, the author has derived a six phase Programme Management Framework for Development Programmes. This framework embodies a long-term programme management approach to the planning and implementation of large-scale, labour-intensive development programmes.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Un nombre croissant d’organismes centrés sur l’action communautaire envisagent de recourir à l’évaluation afin de stimuler l’apprentissage collectif et de soutenir la prise de décisions. Pourtant, encore peu d’études documentent de manière systématique et cohérente les caractéristiques et les composantes qui influencent concrètement les capacités en évaluation de ces organisations. Pour pallier à cette lacune, cette recherche effectuée au Québec visait un double objectif : d’une part, adapter le cadre conceptuel et l’instrument de mesure des capacités en évaluation de Bourgeois et Cousins (2013) aux particularités des organismes d’action communautaire et, d’autre part, repérer les caractéristiques et les composantes qui ont une incidence positive sur l’utilisation de l’évaluation aux fins d'apprentissage et de prise de décisions à l’interne. La méthodologie adoptée dans la présente étude a comporté trois étapes successives. La première étape visait à identifier à partir de la littérature les caractéristiques organisationnelles qui influencent les capacités en évaluation (CÉ) des organismes communautaires (OC). Ces caractéristiques ont ensuite été analysées par le cadre conceptuel de Bourgeois et Cousins (2013). La deuxième étape a fait appel à un comité consultatif (n=13) et des entretiens cognitifs (n=12) auprès d’acteurs du milieu afin de réviser et d’adapter le cadre conceptuel retenu au contexte précis des organismes d’action communautaire. Enfin, la troisième étape de l’étude consistait en des analyses par régression logistique des données d’un sondage effectué auprès d’acteurs communautaires (n=144) pour identifier les caractéristiques organisationnelles ayant une incidence positive sur l’utilisation de l’évaluation au sein de l'organisation. Cette étude ajoute à la littérature actuelle un cadre conceptuel et une grille d’analyse empiriquement constitués pour analyser et mesurer les CÉ au contexte précis des OC axés sur l’action communautaire. Plus précisément, l’adaptation du cadre conceptuel et de l’instrument de mesure de Bourgeois et Cousins (2013) permet l’analyse et la mesure des six composantes qui influencent concrètement les capacités en évaluation des organismes d’action communautaire: les ressources humaines, les ressources organisationnelles, la planification des activités en matière d’évaluation, les connaissances organisationnelles en évaluation, la prise de décision organisationnelle et l’apprentissage organisationnel. Chacune des composantes contient un ensemble de sous-composantes, permettant d’identifier plus concrètement les caractéristiques organisationnelles qui les influencent. L’étude révèle également les caractéristiques et les composantes qui favorisent l’utilisation continue de l’évaluation dans une perspective d’apprentissage collectif et d’appui à la prise de décisions au sein de l'organisme. Ces caractéristiques comprennent un climat organisationnel sain, un leadership positif, l’utilisation d’outils et de gabarits afin de soutenir la planification de l’évaluation, la présence de guides et d’outils pour appuyer la conception et la mise en œuvre de l’évaluation, l’accès à une communauté de pratique constituée de partenaires communautaires, une implication forte et équitable des parties concernées aux démarches d’évaluation, ainsi que l’intégration du dispositif d’évaluation dans la planification stratégique. Cette étude apporte ainsi une contribution originale et significative à l’avancement des connaissances en évaluation considérant que les capacités en évaluation de ces organisations n’avaient pas encore été documentées de manière rigoureuse et systématique. Des recherches supplémentaires seraient nécessaires afin d’étoffer le cadre conceptuel et de le valider à d’autres contextes.

Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES) / In the last few years, women’s rugby has experienced unprecedented growth globally and is the fastest growing sport among women and girls. Owing to increasing support and expo-sure, the sport has grown exponentially. However, women’s rugby programmes face signif-icant obstacles globally and locally. Women’s rugby is not well researched, and there is a lack of relevant literature on existing programmes, in particular, the perspectives and expe-riences of those involved in the programmes. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to offer insight into stakeholders and their lived experiences, thoughts and views on the management and implementation of development programmes for women’s rugby in the Western Cape Province.

<p> The general purpose of this work is to study the feasibility of using McMaster University's PACER and MACSIM Executive Computer Programmes to simulate the environmental control system in a large building by means of elementary modules. </p> <p> The operation of PACER is described together with some general instructions as to its use. </p> <p> A number of module subroutines are developed, covering a wide cross-section of the type of equipment used in the air conditioning, heating and ventilation of a building. They are used in various combinations within the main programme to demonstrate their use. The programmes developed are not sufficient to simulate a complex system; however, they would act as a guide to the user for developing the necessary programmes to enable him to represent almost any type of equipment. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Yes / This report addresses the scientific and technological discoveries in the biological sciences that enabled the early interest in biological warfare to move from hurling infected corpses into enemy cities in ancient times, through use of small cultures of animal pathogens to sabotage enemy livestock in World War I, to the origins of organised military biological weapons (BW) programmes directed at humans, animals, and plants in the inter-war period. It builds on Dando¿s 1999 paper: The Impact of the Development of Modern Biology and Medicine on the Evolution of Offensive Biological Warfare Programs in the Twentieth Century.1 For the historical aspects of biological warfare programmes this report primarily draws from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute volume: Biological and Toxin Weapons: Research, Development and Use from the Middle Ages to 1945.2

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019