A presente dissertação teve como objetivo explorar as conexões do Programa Bolsa Família com a questão educacional, analisando em que medida o programa reduz as múltiplas dimensões da desigualdade educacional enfrentada por seus beneficiários. Partindo-se da ideia que o direito à educação pressupõe a garantia de algo comum, e portanto igual para todos, adotou-se a concepção de desigualdade educacional de Marcel Crahay (2000), que define três dimensões necessárias de igualdade educacional: acesso, tratamento e conhecimento. Realizou-se uma discussão teórica sobre o papel da educação dentro do desenho do Bolsa Família, que busca por meio do acesso aos serviços educacionais cortar o ciclo intergeracional de pobreza em que estão inseridos seus beneficiários. Depois, foi diagnosticada a situação enfrentada pelos beneficiários em cada dimensão da desigualdade educacional. Esse diagnóstico foi realizado a partir de bases de dados do Sistema Presença, Censo Escolar, Ideb, Pnad e outros indicadores educacionais disponibilizados pelo Inep. Por fim, analisou-se como o programa busca e tem efeitos na redução das múltiplas dimensões da desigualdade educacional. Este último passo foi realizado a partir de uma revisão de literatura das produções acadêmicas da área e de um estudo de caso na rede municipal de Osasco. Conclui-se que os principais efeitos do Bolsa Família são sobre a dimensão do acesso, ainda que ele tenha efeitos potenciais e incipientes sobre a dimensão do tratamento e do aprendizado, principalmente via integração setorial. / This dissertation\'s main goal was to explore the ties between Bolsa Familia social program and the educational issue, analizing to what extent the program reduces the multiple aspects of educational inequality the beneficiaries are subject to. It was adopted Marcel Crahay\'s educational inequality concept that defines three necessary dimensions to reach educational equality: access, treatment and knowledge. I have made a theoretical discussion of the role education plays in the Bolsa Familia design, which aims to interrupt the beneficiarie\'s intergenerational poverty cycle by broadening the access to educational services. After that, I unraveled the situation faced by the beneficiaries in each dimension of educational inequality. This diagnosis was made using the Sistema Presença, Censo Escolar, Ideb and Pnad databases, along with other educational indicators made public by Inep. At last, I analyzed the program\'s efforts and results in reducing educational inequalities, in its multiple aspects. That last part was made by reviewing the specific academic literature and with a case study in the municipality of Osasco. The conclusion is that the main effects of the Bolsa Familia program are related to the access dimension, although it has potential and incipient effects on the treatment and knowledge dimensions, specially when it comes to sectorial integration.

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é compreender as causas de insucesso do Programa Sebrae de Qualidade Total (PSQT) por meio da sistematização dessas em fatores organizacional, comportamental e metodológico, e propor ajustes para melhorar os resultados de sua implantação. Através do levantamento bibliográfico realizado, pode-se perceber que vários estudos apontam causas de insucesso na implantação de Programas de Qualidade Total, porém tais causas são apontadas de maneira dispersa, isolada e assistemática. Através dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que os fatores organizacional e comportamental foram os mais relevantes para o insucesso do Programa Sebrae de Qualidade Total. Já o fator metodológico foi o menos relevante no insucesso do referido Programa, apesar de as causas englobadas por este fator serem tratadas, na literatura pesquisada, como de alta representatividade. Espera-se com esta pesquisa contribuir com o SEBRAE nos esforços de melhoria dos resultados do Programa Sebrae de Qualidade Total com as pequenas empresas, sendo instrumento de informação e análise aos pequenos empresários, consultores e demais pessoas ligadas à área de qualidade em pequenas empresas e, particularmente, com o Grupo de Pesquisas em Pequenas Empresas da Engenharia de Produção - EESC/USP. / The main objective of this research is to comprehend the causes of insuccess of Sebrae\'s Quality Total Programme through the systematization of that causes in organizational, behavioural and methodological factors, and to propose adjustments to improve the results of your implantation. Through of the bibliographical survey realized it\'s possible to perceive that several researches show causes of insucces in the implantation of Quality Total Programmes, but that causes are showed in a disperse, isolate and assystematic way. Through the results found it\'s concluded that the factors organizational and behavioural were the most relevants for the insuccess of the Sebrae\'s Quality Total Programme. The methodological factor was the least relevant for the insuccess of the referred Programme, despite of the causes included into this factor are treated through the researched literature like causes with high representativeness. It\'s expected with this research to contribute with Sebrae, in his efforts of improvement of the of Sebrae\'s Quality Total Programme results; with the small business, being an instrument of information and analysis to the small managers, consultants and other people stand in with the quality area of the small business, and specifically with the Small Business Groupe Research of Engineer Production - EESC/USP.

Introdução: A densidade energética (DE) de alimentos e dietas é apontada como importante fator na regulação do peso corporal e está intimamente relacionada ao consumo energético. Objetivos: Estimar a DE de refeições ofertadas em amostra de empresas inscritas no Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT), e analisar a DE da dieta de trabalhadores da cidade de São Paulo e sua associação com características sócio-demográficas. Métodos: A dissertação é composta por dois manuscritos, que analisaram a DE utilizando como métodos de cálculo: a inclusão de todos os alimentos sólidos e das bebidas, excluindo apenas água (DE1); inclusão de todos os alimentos sólidos e bebidas calóricas que contém, no mínimo, 5 kcal/100g (DE2); e a inclusão de todos os alimentos sólidos e exclusão de todas as bebidas (DE3). O primeiro manuscrito avaliou refeições de 21 empresas, pelos métodos DE1 e DE3. Os valores para energia e peso dos alimentos/bebidas foram obtidos pela avaliação do cardápio do almoço em três dias consecutivos. Utilizaram-se testes não-paramétricos nas análises estatísticas. O segundo manuscrito avaliou a dieta de 852 trabalhadores, por meio de recordatório de 24 horas, considerando os três métodos de cálculo da DE. Na análise da relação entre DE e variáveis sócio-demográficas utilizou-se regressão linear. Resultados: Para as refeições oferecidas, a mediana da DE1 foi 1,10 kcal/g e da DE3 foi 1,43 kcal/g. Para a dieta dos trabalhadores, os valores observados foram 1,18 kcal/g (+0,08), 1,22 kcal/g (+0,08) e 1,73 kcal/g (+0,16), considerando os métodos de cálculo DE1, DE2 e DE3, respectivamente. Nos modelos múltiplos de regressão, apenas a variável idade apresentou associação negativa com todos os métodos de DE. Para a DE3, houve incremento da DE para indivíduos não-brancos. Conclusão: Observou-se que a densidade energética das refeições oferecidas pelas empresas estudadas, assim como a dieta dos trabalhadores, em especial dos mais jovens, apresentaram valores elevados. Esses achados sinalizam a necessidade de intervenções nutricionais para promoção de dietas com menor densidade energética, a fim de prevenir a obesidade entre trabalhadores / Introduction: Energy density (ED) of food and diets is considered as an important factor in the regulation of body weight and is intimately tied to energy intake. Aims: To estimate ED of meals offered in a sample of companies enrolled in the Workers Food Program (WFP), and to analyze ED of the diet of workers from the city of São Paulo and its association with socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The dissertation consists in two manuscripts, which have analyzed ED utilizing as methods of calculation: including all solid food and beverages, excluding water (ED1); including all solid food and beverages containing at least 5 kcal/100g (ED2); including all solid food and excluding all beverages (ED3). The first manuscript evaluated meals from 21 companies, using methods ED1 and ED3. The values for energy and weight of food/beverages were obtaining through the evaluation of the lunch menu during three consecutive days. Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analyses. The second manuscript evaluated the diet of 852 workers using a 24-hour recall, taking into account the three methods for calculating ED. In the analysis of the relation between ED and socio-demographic variables linear regression was used. Results: For the meals the median of ED1 was 1.10 kcal/g and ED3 1.43 kcal/g. For the workerss diet the ED values observed were 1.18 kcal/g, 1.22 kcal/g and 1.73 kcal/g, considering respectively ED1, ED2, ED3 methods. In the multiple regression models only the age variable was maintained in the final model and showed inverted association with all methods of ED. For ED3 there was an increase of ED for non-white individuals. Conclusion: It was observed that both the energy density of the meals offered by the companies as well as the energy density of the workerss diet, in special the younger ones, showed high values. These findings point out to the necessity of nutritional interventions for promoting diets with lower energy density in order to prevent workerss overweight

Les programmes auto-modifiants fonctionnent de manière singulière car ils sont capables de réécrire leur propre code en cours d'exécution. Absents des modèles de calcul théoriques, ils sont pourtant omniprésents dans les ordinateurs et les systèmes d'exploitations actuels. Ils sont en effet utilisés par les chargeurs d'amorçages, pour la compilation à la volée ou encore l'optimisation dynamique de code. Ils sont également omniprésents dans les programmes malveillants, dont les auteurs ont bien compris qu'ils constituaient des objets complexes à analyser. Ils sont également virtuellement présents dans tous les autres programmes mais de manière non-intentionnelle. En effet, on peut voir certaines classes de vulnérabilités, par exemple les failles par débordement de tampon, comme la possibilité d'exécuter accidentellement des données -- ce qui est un comportement caractéristique des programmes auto-modifiants.Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons proposé un modèle théorique permettant de caractériser un certain nombre de comportements auto-modifiants avancés. Nous avons également mis au point un prototype, TraceSurfer, permettant de détecter efficacement ces comportements à partir de l'analyse de traces et de les visualiser sous forme de graphes d'auto-référence. Enfin, nous avons validé par l'expérience à la fois le modèle théorique et l'outil en les testant sur un grand nombre de programmes malveillants / Self-modifying programs run in a very specific way: they are capable to rewrite their own code at runtime. Remarkably absent from theoretical computation models, they are present in every modern computer and operating system. Indeed, they are used by bootloaders, for just-in-time compilation or dynamic optimizations. They are also massively used by malware authors in order to bypass antivirus signatures and to delay analysis. Finally, they are unintentionally present in every program, since we can model code injection vulnerabilities (such as buffer overflows) as the ability for a program to accidentally execute data.In this thesis, we propose a formal framework in order to characterize advanced self-modifying behaviors and code armoring techniques. A prototype, TraceSurfer, allows us to detect these behaviors by using fine-grained execution traces and to visualize them as self-reference graphs. Finally, we assess the performance and efficiency of the tool by running it on a large corpus of malware samples

Face aux nouveaux cadres législatifs ou environnementaux dans lesquels ils doivent évoluer, les systèmes industriels actuels sont, en plus d'être contraints par des exigences classiques de productivité et de cout, sujets au respect de nouvelles exigences relatives à la sûreté, la sécurité ou au développement durable notamment. Pour répondre à ces exigences et améliorer la maitrise des performances de ses systèmes, EDF souhaite faire évoluer sa démarche d'Optimisation de la Maintenance Basée sur la Fiabilité vers une nouvelle méthode. Cette méthode nécessite en autre la proposition d'une approche outillée permettant de quantifier a priori les programmes de maintenance (CMPQ) sur ses systèmes par rapport aux indicateurs de performance attendus (KPIs). Cet outillage fait l'objet de cette thèse financée dans le cadre du GIS 3SGS - projet DEPRADEM 2. Après avoir généralisé les besoins d'EDF en regard de la CMPQ, nous proposons une identification de la connaissance générique nécessaire pour évaluer les KPI. Afin d'aboutir à un outil permettant l'automatisation de ces études de CMPQ, cette connaissance générique est ensuite modélisée sur la base de deux langages : le langage semi-formel SysML capitalisant, par l'intermédiaire de différents diagrammes, la connaissance statique, interactionnelle et comportementale ; et le langage AltaRicaDF, supportant un modèle dynamique permettant d'évaluer les KPIs par simulation stochastique. La création de ce modèle dynamique à partir des différents diagrammes est basée sur un mapping entre les concepts d'intérêt des deux langages. La démarche dans sa globalité est validée à la CMPQ d'un cas d'étude fourni par EDF : le système ARE / To face with new legislatives and environmental contexts in which they have to operate, it is needed now that the industrials systems have to satisfy to many different requirements and constraints. Thus, these requirements are not only conventional ones such as availability and costs, but also emergent ones such as safety and sustainability. This report implies for the specific French company EDF (energy power supplier) to evolve from its usual approach of reliability centered maintenance (RCM) to a new approach. It is consisting mainly in developing a tool able to support the Complex Maintenance Programs Quantification (CMPQ). This Ph.D. is dealing with this the engineering and deployment of this tool in the frame of the GIS 3SGS - DEPRADEM 2 project. The first step of the work is to generalize EDF needs, then to propose a framework enabling to identify required generic knowledge needed to assess the Key Performances Indicators (KPIs) for supporting quantification. The next step is to model the generic knowledge in two complementary ways: a formalization of the static, interactional and behavioral knowledge based on different SysML diagrams; and a formalization of the dynamic and executable knowledge formalized by AltaRicaDF (ADF) language, allowing to perform stochastic simulation and to assess required KPIs. The path to elaborate dynamic executable vision from SysML diagrams is released by means of rules between each element of interest of both languages. All this approach/tool is applied to a specific EDF case study: the ARE system

L’arrêt cardiaque extra-hospitalier (ACEH) est un problème de santé publique majeur. La réanimation cardio-pulmonaire (RCP) précoce ainsi que la défibrillation par les témoins sont associées à une augmentation du taux de survie. Cependant, malgré d’importants efforts ces dernières années, les taux de survie restent faibles dans la plupart des pays. Ce travail avait pour objectif d’identifier des facteurs ayant un impact sur la défibrillation publique, la RCP précoce et les connaissances du public sur la défibrillation. Nous avons testé différentes stratégies de déploiement des défibrillateurs automatisés externes (DAE). Nous avons également analysé l’effet du niveau socio-économique des quartiers sur la RCP par les témoins. Enfin, nous avons cherché à évaluer les connaissances du public concernant la localisation et les conditions d’utilisation du DAE le plus proche dans des lieux publics très fréquentés. Tous les ACEH survenus à Paris entre 2000 et 2010 ont été enregistrés dans un registre et géocodés. Nous avons comparé une stratégie basée sur les recommandations de placement d’un DAE dans les lieux où plus d’un ACEH survenait tous les cinq ans à deux nouvelles stratégies : une stratégie de maillage régulier du territoire avec des DAE placés à distances régulières et une stratégie de placement dans différents types de lieux publics. Le nombre de DAE nécessaires ainsi que la distance médiane entre les ACEH et le DAE le plus proche étaient calculés pour chaque stratégie. Nous avons également recherché l’association entre le niveau socio-économique des quartiers sur le fait de bénéficier d’une RCP. Enfin, nous avons réalisé une enquête dans des lieux publics très fréquentés (gare, centres commerciaux, jardin public) auprès de toutes les personnes situées dans un rayon de 100 mètres autour d’un DAE pour analyser leur connaissance de la localisation du DAE et leur capacité à l’utiliser. Parmi 4176 ACEH, 1372 (33%) sont survenus dans des lieux publics. La stratégie basée sur les recommandations aurait conduit au placement de 170 DAE avec une distance aux ACEH de 416 (180-614) mètres et une augmentation continue du nombre de DAE. Avec la stratégie de maillage régulier du territoire, le nombre de DAE et la distance aux ACEH auraient changé selon la taille du maillage avec un nombre optimal de DAE évalué entre 200 et 400. Avec la stratégie de placement dans différents types de lieux publics, la distance médiane entre les ACEH et les DAE aurait été de 324 mètres pour les bureaux de poste (195), 239 mètres pour les stations de métro (302), 137 mètres pour les stations Velib’ (957) et 142 mètres pour les pharmacies (1466). Parmi les 4009 ACEH géocodables enregistrés, 777 (19,4%) ont bénéficié d’une RCP par un témoin. Ceux qui en ont bénéficié étaient plus fréquemment dans un lieu public, en présence d’un témoin et dans un quartier de statut socio-économique (SSE) non défavorisé. Dans une analyse multiniveaux la RCP par les témoins était significativement moins fréquente dans les quartiers de SSE défavorisé que dans les quartiers d’autres SSE (OR 0,85 ; 95% IC 0,72-0,99). Notre enquête a été menée auprès de 301 participants. Environ la moitié des participants (49%) avaient bénéficié d’une formation aux premiers secours, dont 70% après 2007 et 37% qui avaient suivi une initiation d’une heure. Le logo universel des DAE était reconnu par 37% des participants et 64% pouvaient reconnaître un DAE en photo. La localisation du DAE le plus proche était connue par 16% des participants avec un impact positif des formations après 2007 et de la reconnaissance du logo ou des photos (p<0,0001). Une majorité de participants (66%) savaient qu’ils avaient le droit d’utiliser un DAE et 59% savaient dans quelles circonstances l’utiliser. Seulement 25% des participants déclaraient savoir comment utiliser un DAE. Notre travail présente une approche originale pour optimiser les stratégies de déploiement des DAE. (...) / Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health concern. Early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are associated with higher survival rates for OHCA victims. Unfortunately, despite major efforts over the past decade, survival rates remain low in many communities. This work sought to highlight factors affecting public defibrillation, early CPR and public knowledge on defibrillation. We assessed different strategies for Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) deployment. We also aimed to focus effect of neighborhood socio-economic status on bystander CPR. Finally, we sought to analyze public awareness of the AED nearest location and knowledge of AED use. All OHCAs attended by EMS in Paris between 2000 and 2010 were prospectively recorded and geocoded. We compared a guidelines-based strategy of placing an AED in locations where more than one OHCA had occurred within the past five years to two novel strategies: a grid-based strategy with a regular distance between AEDs and a landmark-based strategy. The expected number of AEDs necessary and their median (IQR) distance to the nearest OHCA were assessed for each strategy. We also evaluated the relationship between neighbourhood SES characteristics and the fact of receiving bystander CPR. Then, we performed a survey in three kinds of places (train station, city mall and public park) of all individuals within 100 meters from an AED to analyze their knowledge of the closest AED location and their confidence to use it. Of 4,176 OHCAs, 1,372 (33%) occurred in public settings. The guidelines-based strategy would result in the placement of 170 AEDs, with a distance to OHCA of 416 (180-614) meters and a continuous increase in the number of AEDS. In grid-based strategy, the number of AEDs and their distance to the closest OHCA would change with the grid size, with a number of AEDs between 200 and 400 seeming optimal. In landmark-based strategy, median distances between OHCAs and AEDs would be 324 meters if placed at post offices (n=195), 239 at subway stations (n=302), 137 at bike-sharing stations (n=957), and 142 at pharmacies (n=1466). Of the 4,009 OHCA with mappable addresses recorded, 777 (19.4%) received bystander CPR. Those receiving it were more likely to be in public locations, have had a witness to their OHCA, and to have collapsed in a non-low SES neighbourhood. In a multilevel analyses, bystander CPR provision was significantly less frequent in low than in higher SES neighbourhoods (OR 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-0.99). A total of 301 people responded to the survey. About half respondents (49%) had a Basic Life Support training experience with 70 % of them trained after 2007 and 37% who attempted a one hour training initiation. The universal AED sign was recognized by 37% of all respondents and 64% could recognize an AED on a picture. The closest AED location was known by 16% of the respondents with a positive impact of training after 2007 and knowledge of AED sign and picture (p<0.0001). A majority of respondents (66%), considered they had the right to use an AED and 59% knew in which circumstances it is necessary to use it. Only 25% of the respondents declared to know how to use an AED. Our work presents an original evidence-based approach to strategies of AED deployment to optimize their number and location. This rational approach can estimate the optimal number of AEDs for any city. In Paris, OHCA victims were less likely to receive bystander CPR in low SES neighbourhoods. These first European data are consistent with observations in North America and Asia. Our survey conducted in places known to be at risk of OHCA highlights the need for a better AED visibility in public places and the need to improve public knowledge and confidence in the use of AED. (...)

Mélanger des parties de mots est une façon qui peut sembler étonnante pour produire de nouvelles formes linguistiques. Cela est devenu une manière très utilisée pour inventer des noms pour le quotidien, les noms de marque, les noms utilisés dans les codes informatiques des logiciels, par exemple avec alicament (aliment and médicament), aspivenin (aspirer and venin). Il existe plusieurs façon de mélanger des mots pour en former d'autres, ce qui rend difficile l'analyse des mots produits. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons une approche d'analyse automatique des évocations de mots produits à l'aide de mélanges, en considérant des méthodes de classification de type top-k. Nous comparons trois méthodes d'analyse des parties d'un mot : n-grammes, syllabes et cellules morpho-phonologiques. Nous proposons deux algorithmes d'extraction des syllables ainsi que des méthodes d'évaluation.L'algorithme Enqualitum est proposé pour identifier les mots étant évoqués par le mot analysé. Notre proposition a été utilisée en particulier dans le domaine de l'analyse automatique en génie logiciel pour lequel nous avons proposé l'algorithme Sword pour produire un découpage pertinent des noms apparaissant dans les programmes. Les expérimentations ont démontré l'intérêt de nos propositions. / Lexical blending is amazing in the sense of morphological productivity, involving the coinage of a new lexeme by fusing parts of at least two source words. Since new things need new words, blending has become a frequent productive word creation such as smog (smoke and fog), or alicament (aliment and médicament) (a French blend word), etc. The challenge is to design methods to discover how the first source word and the second source word are combined. The thesis aims at automatic analysis blend words in order to find the source words they evoke. The contributions of the thesis can divided into two main parts. First, the contribution to automatic blend word analysis, we develop top-k classification and its evaluation framework to predict concepts of blend words. We investigate three different features of words: character N-grams, syllables and morpho-phonological stems. Moreover, we propose a novel approach to automatically identify blend source words, named Enqualitum. The experiments are conducted on both synthetic French blend words and words from a French thesaurus. Second, the contribution to software engineering application, we apply the idea of learning character patterns of identifiers to predict concepts of source codes and also introduce a method to automate semantic context in source codes. The experiments are conducted on real identifier names from open source software packages. The results show the usefulness and the effectiveness of our proposed approaches.

The thesis deals with effectivity of support programmes in inclusive primary education. In recent years, inclusive education is a frequent topic throughout our society. Providing the support programmes leads to increasing quality of education and ensuring equal conditions. The target group of the thesis consists of pupils with communication disabilities. The thesis aims to gather relevant data about given problems. The main objective is to evaluate the effectivity of support programmes on the pupils with communication disabilities. The partial task is to find out which support programmes are used most often by the primary schools. Quality approach was used to fulfil the objectives mentioned above and semistructured interview as a method of data collection. Interviews with pedagogical workers, who educate pupils with communication disabilities, were broadened and verified by analysing relevant documents. Gathered data were processed into ten case studies. Results of the research are rather positive - they point out meaningfulness, usefulness and regular using of support programmes during lessons. The pupils improve, and so their self-confidence grows accordingly. The research proves using several support programmes at once. There are some negative findings as well - such as lack of well instructed...

This thesis examines dynamic relationships between inflation and monetary policy in a sample of African economies using quarterly data over the period 1980:01 to 2012:04. The literature on inflation dynamics and monetary policy focuses on developed economies, with little attention devoted to the African economies, which is potentially explained by the fact that in the past monetary policy played second fiddle because of fiscal policy dominance following episodes of high inflation and stabilization policies that occurred in the 1980's. This thesis fills an important gap in assessing African's monetary policy. The thesis predominantly uses the Vector-Autoregression (VAR) framework to examine the monetary policy frameworks of the African economies. The thesis finds that an interest rate shock on average explain a more significant proportion of the variance in the output gap and inflation than the exchange rate, in terms of analysing the decomposition of shocks to the economy. This shows a shift in the monetary policy focus away from exchange rate management to interest rate targeting as the African economies have become more market oriented. The monetary policy reveal strong asymmetric responses with respect to the macroeconomic variables when inflation exceeds its threshold value. The analysis suggests that monetary policy in the African economies is regime-dependent, propagated through the inflation thresholds, such that the authorities strongly implement policy changes when inflation goes beyond a certain threshold. The thesis reveals that by taking into account the prior belief of the monetary authorities, it helps produce better estimates of the performance of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as it combines prior information with the sampling information which is contained in the data. The overall novelty of the thesis is that some African economies are adopting inflation targeting policies instead of exchange rate management. It is imperative that the subsequent inflation targeting frameworks will achieve monetary policy objectives for the African economies and the use of interest rate management should be continued.

Dans le cadre de l'essor des Etats-Unis comme puissance mondiale, nous étudions dans quelle mesure leur croissanceintellectuelle est favorisée par les transferts d'étudiants dans les deux sens ou d'institutions françaises en Amérique. Parmicelles-ci, une attention toute particulière est donnée à l'Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques de Paris, dont nous avons dépouilléles archives, recensé les élèves américains depuis sa création jusqu'à la fin de notre période en 1932. Nous montronsl'importance de certains élèves, et étudions les établissements auxquels elle donne naissance en Amérique. Nous expliquons letransfert aux Etats-Unis du Musée Social de Paris. Nous tenons compte des réseaux d'historiens, de géographes,d'économistes, de sociologues et d'autres universitaires français et américains. Nous analysons les étudiants, y compris ceuxprovenant de programmes créés par James Hyde et Albert Kahn, où l'Université Harvard tient une place de choix. Ladétermination de la France à attirer les étudiants étrangers est au détriment de l'Allemagne où la plupart des grandsuniversitaires américains étaient formés. Nous étudions donc à travers une biographie intellectuelle de Jean Jules Jusserand,ambassadeur de France aux Etats-Unis pendant 22 ans, la guerre d'influence que les intellectuels allemands et français selivrent en Amérique, avant et pendant la Grande Guerre. / Within the context of the expansion of the United States as a world power, we study the extent to which their intellectualdevelopment is enhanced by bidirectional exchanges of students or transfers from French institutions to America. Amongthose, we take in in-depth look at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques in Paris. Having combed its archives, we could list theAmerican students there, from its founding to the end of our period of study in 1932. We point out the importance of somestudents and study the schools it gave birth to in America. We explain the transfer from the Musée Social or Paris to the U.S..We take into account the networking between French and American historians, geographers, economists, sociologists andother university scholars. We analyze exchange students, including those from programs created by James Hyde and AlbertKahn, with a particular emphasis on Harvard University. France is determined to attract foreign students at the expense ofGermany where the majority of the best American scholars were trained. Therefore, by way of an intellectual biography of JeanJules Jusserand, French ambassador to the U.S. for 22 years, we study the war of influence on American soil between Frenchand German intellectuals, before and during World War I.