The thesis propounded below is based upon a presumption that one of the significant means of socialization is mass media. It represents a source of information since an early age of a child, constitute the models of a socially acceptable behaviour and depict the values and norms that are applicable to the society. In continuation to the ambiguous character of socialization, on one hand allowing an individual to integrate fully into the society, on the other hand, however, producing the present inequalities, the author enquires into the way how villains are portrayed in television cartoons, that is, those who violate these commonly accepted norms. In the theoretical part of the thesis the author builds predominantly on the sociological reflections of the character of the modern society, the character of socialization and social norms. In the chapters dealing with the socialization potential of media she employs primarily the modelling theory that stems from the more universal social learning theory. In the empirical part the author, using qualitative research, tries to describe how villains are portrayed in television cartoons and besides other statements, she proves that their world has a strictly dichotomic and exclude character. One of the outcomes of the thesis is a typology of villains who can...

M. Tech. (Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology / Most cultivated bananas and plantains (Musa spp. sect. Eumusa), originated from two wild diploid species, Musa acuminata Colla (AA) and Musa balbisiana Colla (BB), which contributed the A and B genomes, respectively. The two genomes confer different traits to a banana plant. Intra- and interspecific hybridization between the wild diploid species, somatic mutations and selection over many thousands of years has given rise to considerable genetic variability in cultivated bananas. Bananas are classified according to its genome composition and a number of morphological traits are used to identify the genomes of a plant. Morphological classification can be misleading since the morphology of plants can be affected by environmental factors. Molecular techniques to identify the genomes of banana have many advantages. The objective of this study was to develop a SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) marker from a previously reported A genome-specific RAPD fragment that distinguish the A genome of banana from the B genome. This fragment designated OPA17600 was cloned, sequenced and used to design longer 20-mer SCAR primers. Verification of the SCAR primers for its fidelity to the A genome was carried out on a sample of 22 homo-and heterogenomic accessions representing landraces and hybrids of different ploidy and genome combinations. Out of six primers sets that were tested one set (SC3) produced a unique 600 bp in all the A genome containing banana accessions. However, these primers also amplified an 800 bp fragment in all the BB genotypes and some accessions containing the A and B genomes. While previous reports suggested that there was considerable differentiation between the A and B genomes, recent evidence points to the contrary. The presence of the A genome fragment in the B genome genotypes and accessions may be due to recombination between the two genomes, translocations and substitutions. The study concluded that the 600-bp SCAR sequence is conserved across the A genome in Musa and can be used to identify the A genome in banana classification and Musa breeding programmes.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate long-term contributions of selected training programmes focusing on the adaptability and competitiveness of human resources. Contributions will be analyzed in two training programmes of city Pelhřimov, which are supported by European Social Fund, specifically by the Operational Programme Education for Competitiveness. Long-term contributions of educational programmes are primarily individual - for the learners, but also societal - for employers and the entire state.

This diploma thesis deals with history of the Czech Society for Chamber Music and its place among societies that performed chamber music in 1918-1953. In the historical part the thesis concentrates on context, organizational structure, repertoire and artists who performed in concerts of the Czech Society for Chamber Music. The chapter about the competition for new chamber composition which was held in 1895-1945 constitutes another important section of the thesis. The comparison of the Czech Society for Chamber Music with other chamber societies is placed in the final chapter. It focuses on selected institutions in Prague and elsewhere in Czech lands and on the influence of the Czech Society for Chamber Music, mutual cooperation and differences.

This study explores the possible use of digital media as an effective psychotherapeutic aid in art psychotherapy, specifically in addressing the effects of trauma experienced by adolescents. A literature review provides evidence on what exactly can be understood under the concepts 'art psychotherapy' and 'digital media'. The literature study further investigates trauma, its treatment and how art psychotherapy can be used as a psychotherapeutic tool with adolescents who have been exposed to trauma. An empirical study including six participants, chosen through a specific sampling process, and whose background information regulates the appropriate methods of intervention demonstrates the practicality of digital media in art psychotherapy. Data gathered from pre-assessment activities, art psychotherapy sessions and post-assessment activities are analysed, interpreted, and reduced through a systematic process. The empirical findings are then presented in a detailed, concise manner From the empirical investigation, it is determined that digital media can be used as a successful tool in art psychotherapy, specifically with adolescents who have experienced trauma. The researcher gained experience in the implementation of digital media in art psychotherapy and was able to provide valuable information about this practice, specifically for professionals interested in the field of art psychotherapy. The researcher was also able to identify limitations and further areas for research in this field. / Psychology of Education / M. A. (Guidance and Counselling)

En France, un certain nombre de recommandations ont été émises ces dernières années pour le développement de programmes préventifs dits « evidence-based » dans le champ de la parentalité et de la petite enfance. Si leur diffusion est perçue par les instances gouvernementales comme une opportunité de réduire un certain nombre de facteurs de risque sanitaires et sociaux et de promouvoir la santé et le bien-être des populations, leur réception réelle ne va cependant pas de soi et fait lobjet de nombreux débats. La thèse consiste en une étude sociologique descriptive permettant de fournir un éclairage sur la réception en France de ces programmes. En effectuant des enquêtes de terrain de type ethnographiques (observations participantes et entretiens) en France et aux Etats-Unis, cette thèse vise plus spécifiquement à mettre en évidence la manière dont ces programmes evidence-based sont conçus dans leur pays d'origine et réappropriés en France de leur élaboration institutionnelle à leur mise en oeuvre pratique sur le terrain. Le manuscrit, rédigé sous format narratif, est constitué de deux parties. La première partie s'intéresse au processus de production des politiques de parentalité et de la petite enfance evidence-based au sein d'un centre de recherche économique américain et à leur réception dans le département des affaires scientifiques d'un institut de santé publique français. La deuxième partie aborde la mise en oeuvre pratique de deux interventions evidence-based et apporte un éclairage sur la manière dont elles vont impacter les pratiques professionnelles et les stratégies éducatives de familles façonnant et modelant une conception de la parentalité différente dans les deux pays. Les résultats de cette étude exploratoire font ressortir des spécificités nationales propre à l'appropriation des programmes par ces deux pays et permettent de tirer un certain nombre d'enseignements pour l'expertise en santé publique dans le domaine de la parentalité. / In France, various recommendations have been made these last few years to support the implantation of preventive evidence-based programs in the field of parenting and early childhood. If their diffusion is perceived by governmental authorities as an opportunity to reduce a number of health and social risk factors and to promote the health and well-being of populations, their appropriation is not established and is at the core of numerous debates. The present PhD research consists in a descriptive sociological study providing perspectives on the French translation of these American evidence-based programs. Carrying out ethnographical field inquiries (observations and interviews) in France and in the United-States, this research aims to highlight the way these evidence-based programs are developed in their country of origin and readapted in France, from their institutional elaboration to their practical application in the field. The manuscript, written in a narrative format, consists in two parts. The first part takes interests in the production process of parenting and early childhood evidence-based policies in an American economic research centre and their adaptation in a scientific department of a French public health institute. The second part approaches the practical setting of two evidence-based interventions, and highlights the way in which they are impacting professional practices and family educative strategies, shaping and forming a different conception of parenting in both countries. The results of this exploratory study emphasize national specificities in regard to the appropriation of parenting programs by these two countries, and allow to learn a number of lessons regarding public health expertise in the field of parenting.

No description available.

Objetivo. Avaliar a qualidade global das refeições oferecidas por uma amostra de empresas beneficiárias do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT) na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos. Estudou-se amostra aleatória de 72 empresas cadastradas no PAT na cidade de São Paulo. A partir dos dados das refeições oferecidas, foi desenvolvido o Índice de Qualidade da Refeição (IQR), com pontuação máxima 100 e mínima 0. As empresas foram agrupadas utilizando-se análise de cluster hierárquico. Utilizou-se teste t-Student para avaliar diferenças nas médias do IQR segundo as categorias das empresas. Resultados. Foi desenvolvido o IQR com cinco itens (frutas e hortaliças, carboidratos, gorduras, gorduras saturadas e variedade). A média do IQR para as grandes refeições foi de 66,25 (dp=23,83). Foram obtidos dois grupos na análise de cluster. As empresas do primeiro, composto em sua maioria por empresas do setor de comércio de micro e pequeno porte, cadastradas na modalidade de autogestão e sem supervisão de nutricionista, obtiveram pior qualidade da refeição (56,23) sendo classificadas como refeição que precisa de melhoras. As empresas do segundo cluster, constituído principalmente por empresas de médio e grande porte do setor industrial, com gestão terceirizada e supervisão de nutricionista, obtiveram pontuação média de 82,95 e foram classificadas como refeição adequada. Conclusão. O IQR desenvolvido mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação de refeições nesta amostra de empresas inscritas no PAT, que, em média, ofereciam refeições classificadas como “precisa de melhoras". As empresas de maior porte e estrutura oferecem refeições melhores quando comparada às de menor porte e estrutura. / Objective. To evaluate the global quality of the meals offered by a sample of beneficiary companies of the Worker Food Program (WFP). Methods. It was studied a random sample of 72 companies registered in the WFP in the city of São Paulo. From the data of the offered meals, Meal Quality Index (MQI) was developed, with maximum score 100 and minimum 0. The companies had been grouped using analysis of hierarchic cluster. It was used t-Student to evaluate the differences in the mean of the MQI categories of companies. Results. It was developed the MQI with five itens (fruits and vegetables, carbohydrate, saturated fats, fats and variety). The MQI mean for the main meals was 66,25 (sd=23,83). It had been obtained two groups of companies in the analysis of cluster. The companies of first, composed in its majority by commercial sector, micro and small size, registered in the modality self management and without supervision of nutritionist, had horse meal quality (56,23) classified as meal which needs improvements. The companies of second cluster, mainly constituted by companies of medium and large size, from the industrial sector, with subcontracting management and supervision of nutritionist, had gotten mean punctuation of 82,95 and had been classified as adequate meal. Conclusions. The developed MQI revealed efficiency in the evaluation of meals in this sample of companies registered in WFP, that, in average, were classified as “meals which needs improvement". The companies of large size and structure better offered better meals when compared with smaller and structure.

A década de 1980 ficou conhecida no Brasil como a década perdida. Certamente, os anos 1980 expressaram fortemente o que representou a chamada crise da dívida para os países periféricos, especialmente, os latino-americanos. Os governos da Ditadura militar condicionaram as políticas econômicas para o pagamento da dívida externa. A dívida foi internalizada e estatizada ao longo dos anos 1980, o que deixou o país à beira do colapso, com queda do produto interno, altas taxas de inflação e com o Estado paralisado por conta do endividamento externo e interno. O governo Sarney, apesar de ser o primeiro governo civil após a Ditadura, não foi eleito pelo voto do povo. A transição democrática, feita em comum acordo com os grupos que deixavam o poder, levou à mudança somente na aparência, mas a essência permanecia a mesma. Sarney era presidente do partido (PDS) sucessor da Arena e sustentáculo político civil da Ditadura. Deixou o partido em junho de 1984, portanto, menos de um ano antes de tomar posse como presidente da República, em uma coalização aparentemente de oposição. Assim, essa dissertação busca compreender de que forma as políticas econômicas do governo Sarney também representaram uma continuidade em relação aos governos anteriores, apesar dos sucessivos planos de estabilização, que grande parte da historiografia econômica considerou como não-ortodoxos. / 1980s were recognized as the lost decade. Certainly this period expressed what represented the known debt crisis for underdeveloped countries especially the latin americans. The military government engaged the economical policies to payment of external debt. The debt became public at 1980s and this induced a fall on the internal product, a high inflation rates and had the effect on the State leading to a standstill period caused by the external and internal debts. Sarney was not elected by people vote even he was the first president after military government. The democratic transition period was achieved by pact with the left group power and this fact changed appearance only and not the essence. Sarney was the president of PDS, followed by the Arena witch sustained the military government; he has left this party in June 1984, one year before become president of Republic seeming opposition grouping. This study aim to understand the economical policies of Sarney government is continuing of previous governments although stabilization plans were attempt and that the economical historiography considers as not orthodox.

No final da década dos 70 e início da década dos 80, em diferentes regiões do Brasil, os serviços públicos - tanto aqueles existentes quanto aqueles começando a se estruturar - passam a utilizar pessoal de nível elementar e médio para auxiliar nas ações de atenção à saúde bucal. No Estado de São Paulo, embora inúmeros sistemas locais de saúde (SILOS) venham empregando pessoal auxiliar odontológico (PAO), existe pouca informação disponível sobre a contribuição dada por estes trabalhadores à essas ações. O objetivo desta investigação foi de analisar a participação do PAO em dez SILOS de cinco municípios do Estado de São Paulo, em 1994. Um questionário foi respondido por 248 (76,3 por cento) dos 325 auxiliares e técnicos em higiene dental empregados nos municípios de ltú, Embú, Penápolis, São José dos Campos e Campinas. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria do PAO é jovem, do sexo feminino, possui 2° grau completo, curso de qualificação profissional, tem vínculo municipal e trabalha 40 horas/semana, sendo que, recebem entre US$ 119,00 e US$ 330,00 no exercício da função de ACD e entre US$ 162,00 e US$ 232,00 como THD. Sua participação em atividades de promoção da saúde bucal é relativa e varia conforme o SILOS em estudo: nos SILOS do Embú e das regiões norte e leste de S. José do Campos, o PAO vem dedicando sua jornada de trabalho mais para ações coletivas que para ações de assistência individual, contribuindo para a transformação das práticas da odontologia em saúde coletiva e para a mudança do modelo assistencial conforme as diretrizes de saúde bucal e os princípios do SUS. A participação do PAO é mais frequente em atividades de evidenciação de placa bacteriana seguida de escovação supervisionada (ES), bochechos fluorados e atividades educativas. A participação em ações coletivas é maior quando se trata da realização dessas atividades em escolas ou outros espaços sociais. Entretanto, em ltú, Embú e Penápolis, o pessoal auxiliar desenvolve de forma significativa atividades de ES em unidades básicas de saúde, atingindo com atividades de promoção da saúde bucal grupos populacionais que as frequentam. Excetuando-se os três SILOS de Campinas e o de ltú, é baixa a proporção do PAO que trabalha à quatro-mãos rotineiramente. Os SILOS de ltú, Embú e Penápolis apresentam maior grau de delegação de funções ao PAO na assistência individual que os SILOS dos municípios de São José dos Campos e Campinas. Segundo o pessoal auxiliar, a população-usuária reage positivamente e aceita bem os seus serviços. Além disso, os cirurgiões-dentistas têm um relacionamento profissional bom ou muito bom com eles, prestam-lhes orientações sempre que necessário e, na opinião deles, devem manter o grau de orientação corrente. / At the end of the seventies and begining of the eighties, dental public services from different areas of Brazil started to introduce basically and intermediately trainned personnel to assist dental care activities. This happened both in services in operation at the time and in those which were begining to be structured. In São Paulo State, although several health local systems are employing dental auxiliary personnel, we know there is a small number of studies in this field and also little information about this personnel. The purpose of this survey was to document the role and extent of dental auxiliary personnel in some state public health programmes in São Paulo State, 1994. A questionnaire requested information from 248 (76,3 per cent) auxiliarias of 325 dental assistants and dental hygienists employed in the health municipal systems of ltú, Embú, Penápolis, São José dos Campos and Campinas (towns in São Paulo State). The results indicated that most of them are young, female sex, went through high school and professional qualification course, work forty hours a week and receive between US$ 119,00 and US$ 330,00 in dental assistant function and between US$ 162,00 and US$ 232,00 in dental hygienist function. Their participation in oral healh promotion activities is relative and varies according to each town reality: in Embú and in the north and east health local systems of São José dos Campos, the working time of auxiliary personnel is spent more in oral health promotion activities than in dental clinic activities, contributing to the transformation of public health dentistry practice according to the principies of health systems in Brazil. This \' participation occurs more often in fluoride mouthrinse, dental plaque staining followed by supervised brushing and oral health education activities. The participation in oral health promotion activities happens more often in schools than in health centers. However, in ltú, Embú and Penápolis, the auxiliarias provide expressively dental plaque staining followed by supervised brushing in health centers, reaching population groups who use them. Excluding the health local systems of Campinas and ltú, the proportion of them who practice four-handed dentistry daily is low. ltú, Embú and Penápolis present high grade of expanded functions to auxiliary personnel in dental clinic activities. According to the auxiliary personnel, the aided population answer positively and accept their services well. Besides, dentists have a good or very good professional relationship with them, give them orientation everytime it is necessary; also, in their opinion, dentists ought to keep up the corrent levei of supervision.