In 2015 the term Progressive Web Application was coined to describe applications that are getting the advantage of all Progressive App features. Some of the essential features are offline support, app-like interface, secure connection, etc. Since then, case studies from PWA’s implementation showed optimistic promises for improving web page performance, time spent on site, user engagement, etc. The goal of this report is to analyze some of the effects of PWA. This work will investigate the browser compatibility of PWA’s features, compare and analyze performance and memory consumption effect of PWA’s features compared to Regular WebApp. Results showed a lot of the features of PWA are still not sup-ported by some major browsers. Performance benchmark showed that required https connection for PWA is slowing down all of the PWA’s performance metrics on the first visit. On a repeat visit, some of the PWA features like speed index is outperforming the Regular Web App. Memory consumption on PWA increased more than 2 times the size of RWA. The conclusion is that even if some features are not directly supported by browsers, they still might have workaround solutions. PWA is slower than regular web app if https on your web server is not optimized. Different browsers have different memory limitations for PWA caches. You should implement https and PWA features only if you have HTTP/2 support on your web server, otherwise, performance can decrease.

Many health care providers aim to become more patient-centered, and developing mobile health applications for patients might help achieve this. In the light of this, this thesis explores if the progressive web application (PWA) concept is suitable for mobile health applications. It is investigated by developing a PWA intended to be used to gather health care patients’ self assessments. The work follows the double diamond design process with: a discover phase containing a literature study, interviews with experts, and partaking in a workshop; a define phase where system requirements are specified; a develop phase with lo- and mid-fi prototypes as well as usability tests with six test users; and a deliver phase where the application is implemented using Polymer 2.0 and web components. To furthermore assess the patients satisfaction of a PWA, an evaluation phase is conducted where eleven test users tries it during five consecutive evenings and answers a survey at the end. The general opinions were that they thought it worked good and was easy to use, indicating that a PWA can be suitable for this purpose. Following this and discussions of findings, we suggest guidelines for how to design and implement a PWA for similar projects. However, the developed PWA was due to shortage of time not completely finished and the test users support for PWA features were rather limited, so future investigation is recommended to determine if PWAs are suitability in this context.

Purpose–The purpose of this thesis paper was to measure differences in the user experience provided by the Progressive Web App technology in comparison to native application in a context of social media. The study investigated users attitude towards different user interfaces implemented in the PWA and the native application. Method–This paper isqualitative research in the field of user experience. Usability tests paired with semi-structured interview were chosen as research methods for this study. The study has been conducted on Twitter's PWA and Android application. Ten participants took part in the study. Findings–The results have shown that most of the participants can identify differences in the user interfaces of both apps. Although both applications provided the same functionalities, the different UI solutions were the major factor influencing users feelings. On top of that, different user interfaces did not change the user's perception of the platform's consistency. As a result, more participants preferred the PWA over the native app. Moreover, results suggest that PWA can provide native-like experience in the context of social media. Implications–The main contribution of this bachelor thesis is a comparison of user experience on PWA and native app technology in the context of social media. This research opens a discussion about the need for companies to broader their digital presence by implementing PWA technology as it can bring benefit to users and businesses. Limitations–The main limitation of this study is a low number of participants caused by restrictions of social distancing inthe times of global pandemic. On top of that, the convenient sampling method has been used. Keywords–User Experience, Progressive Web Application,User Interface, Native Mobile Application, Attitude

This study is conducted to evaluate the Blazor WebAssembly framework for the Progressive Web Application (PWA) methodology. A comparative study is conducted with a ReactJS PWA as a baseline. The two frameworks are evaluated in their front-end performance and documentation of PWA-focused subjects. Front-end performance is measured between two experimental applications that test the loading times, heap memory usage and loading consistency during layout generation. It is found that a Blazor WebAssembly PWA takes on average a range of 0.34, 0.18, and 0.06 seconds less time to generate a layout than a ReactJS PWA. The Blazor WebAssembly PWA was less consistent in its loading times when handling many elements. Documentation that covers Progressive Web Application terminology was found to be different between the frameworks. The Blazor WebAssembly documentation covers more topics and provides first-hand knowledge while the ReactJS documentation covers fewer topics and relies on external sources to provide the necessary explanations. These findings indicate that Blazor WebAssembly is a faster framework when updating large amounts of elements in comparison to ReactJS. However, the ReactJS PWA was found to be overall more consistent in its loading times. Documentation varied between the two frameworks. Documentation in Blazor WebAssembly covers more Progressive Web Application subjects and is more in-depth than ReactJS.  This study only evaluates applications developed in ReactJS and Blazor WebAssembly. Both are tested on Google Chrome in a desktop environment.

Web applications are often described as being cross-platform. They are accessible from a multitude of different web browsers, which in turn are running on a multitude of different operating systems. For a time now, developers have used many different tools to create cross-platform applications for mobile devices with web technologies. However, these applications fail to deliver when taken out of their native environment, and often do not feel native at all. Enter Progressive Web Applications, PWA. PWA’s are applications written for the web with web technologies, running in a browser,  but seasoned with some techniques that can make them behave like a native application when running on a mobile device. They are just ordinary web applications with native behaviour such as offline support, installability, and push notifications. The question that arises is - can this new type of web applications match Native Android Applications in performance, especially the response time when accessing the device's hardware? This report will try to answer that question

Applikationer kan idag med hjälp av olika tekniker utvecklas på flera olika sätt. På senare århar tekniken progressiva webbapplikationer blivit ett allt mer vanligt inslag i sammanhanget.Faktum är att progressiva webbapplikationer anses av många vara framtiden inomapplikationsutveckling. Det var dock otroligt svårt att hitta information om i vilkenutsträckning tekniken användes i Sverige eller i andra länder. Inför det här arbetet misstänktevi att tekniken med progressiva webbapplikationer inte användes i den utsträckning som denhade potential för , och att den förtjänade att uppmärksammas mer.I det här arbetet kommer du som läsare få en inblick i hur vanligt förekommandeprogressiva webbapplikationer var bland de svenska företagens hemsidor i allmänhet.Arbetet undersökte även vilka erfarenheter och kunskaper svenska applikationsutvecklarehade av tekniken. Ett antal intervjuer med svenska utvecklare har genomförts där resultatettalade för att det fanns mer att önska vad gällande utvecklarnas kunskaper och erfarenheterom tekniken. Indikationen om att de svenska utvecklarna hade begränsade kunskaper ocherfarenheter om progressiva webbapplikationer, återspeglades även i hur väl svenska företag iallmänhet använde tekniken. / Today, applications can be developed in a variety of ways using various techniques. In recentyears, the technology progressive web applications have become an increasingly commonfeature in this context. In fact, progressive web applications are considered by many to be thefuture of application development. However, it was incredibly difficult to find information onthe extent to which the technology was used in Sweden or in other countries. Prior to thiswork, we suspected that the technology of progressive web applications was not used to theextent that it had potential to, and it deserved to be paid more attention.In this thesis, you as a reader will gain an insight into how common progressive webapplications were among Swedish companies' websites in general. The work also examinedwhat experiences and knowledge Swedish application developers had of the technology. Anumber of interviews with Swedish developers were conducted where the results indicatedthat there was more to be desired regarding the developers' knowledge and experience aboutthe technology. The indication that Swedish developers had limited knowledge andexperience of progressive web applications was also reflected in how well Swedishcompanies generally used the technology.

The development of Progressive Web Applications (PWAs) as opposed to Native Applications (NAs) has experienced a significant shift in recent years in the mobile application market. PWAs are more and more common since they are affordable, simple to use, and cross-platform compatible. Even so, there is an ongoing discussion and lacking research about which application can deliver a better user experience, which is what this thesis aimed to research. This was accomplished by developing two identical applications, one PWA and one NA, and comparing them in terms of responsiveness. Responsiveness was quantified by measuring the complexity in terms of computational time for each functionality within each application. The applications were developed using the two React frameworks named React JS and React Native, for the PWA and NA, respectively. Thus, the main comparison was between these two frameworks, and not PWAs and NAs in general. The goal is to help developers decide which application out of the two is more suitable, depending on the possible functionalities that their application is considered to have. The functionalities that were chosen were all different but deemed to be relevant to the functionalities present in some of the largest mobile applications. Functionalities relevant to social media were chosen, such as image and tweet searching. Additional functionalities include geolocation and a word counter. The former was chosen for the prevalence of geolocation-based applications, while the latter was chosen as a means to compare the computational power of each application. The results showed that the PWA was considerably more capable when it came to executing the image search word counter, and tweet search functionality, as it was able to render and handle the data considerably faster than the NA. When it came to the geolocation functionality, however, the NA was the faster application. / Utvecklingen av Progressiva webbapplikationer (PWAs) jämfört med nativa applikationer (NAs) har genomgått en betydande förändring de senaste åren på mobilapplikationsmarknaden. PWAs blir allt vanligare eftersom de är prisvärda, enkla att använda och kompatibla över olika plattformar. Trots det pågår det en kontinuerlig diskussion och brist på forskning om vilken typ av applikation som kan leverera en bättre användarupplevelse, vilket är det forskningsämne som denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka. Detta åstadkoms genom att utveckla två identiska applikationer, en PWA och en NA, och jämföra dem med avseende på responsivitet. Responsivitet kvantifierades genom att mäta komplexiteten i form av beräkningstid för varje funktionalitet inom varje applikation. Applikationerna utvecklades med hjälp av de två React-ramverken React JS och React Native, för PWA respektive NA. Således var huvudjämförelsen mellan dessa två ramverk och inte generellt mellan PWAs och NAs. Målet är att hjälpa utvecklare att bestämma vilken av de två applikationerna som är mest lämplig, beroende på vilka funktionaliteter deras applikation förväntas ha. De valda funktionaliteterna var olika men ansågs vara relevanta för funktionaliteterna i några av de största mobilapplikationerna. Funktionaliteter relaterade till sociala medier valdes, såsom bild- och tweetsökning. Ytterligare funktionaliteter inkluderar geolokalisering och en ordräknare. Den förstnämnda valdes på grund av utbredningen av geolokaliseringsbaserade applikationer, medan den senare valdes som ett sätt att jämföra beräkningskraften hos varje applikation. Resultaten visade att PWA var betydligt mer kapabel när det gällde att utföra bildsökning, ordräknare och tweetsökning, eftersom den kunde rendera och hantera data betydligt snabbare än NA. När det kom till geolokalisering var dock NA den snabbare applikationen.

Gardening has been proven to have multiple health benefits, both mentally and physically. It is a common activity and it’s estimated that almost 78% of home-owners in the USA do it on a regular basis. Cities are growing and have created the challenge to make room for new green spaces to preserve the current biodiversity. This makes preserving or creating garden diversity more important than ever. This study investigates if a user interface could potentially impact and create incentive in gardening for users, with the help of personalized garden information. A prototype was developed and tested in collaboration with Husqvarna Group. The prototype was tested on 5 participants over a 10 day period combined with a qualitative interview to find out if it generated incentive for gardening. The study was done as a conceptual proof of concept and the results were evaluated using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The result implied that the conceptual solution would be perceived useful and accepted on the condition that it provides a personalized user experience. Future research is suggested to look into how to achieve a personalized user experience for user interfaces for gardening. / Trädgårdsarbete har visat sig ha flera hälsofördelar, både mentalt och fysiskt. Det är en vanligt förekommande aktivitet och det uppskattas att nästan 78% av att alla husägare i USA gör det regelbundet. Moderna städers tillväxt har resulterat i en utmaning att skapa nya grönområde för att bevara den nuvarande biologiska mångfalden. Den tillväxten gör det viktigare än någonsin att bevara eller skapa ny biologisk mångfald i trädgårdarna. Denna studie undersöker om mobila gränssnittet potentiellt kan påverka och skapa incitament i trädgårdsarbete för användare med hjälp av personlig information om trädgården. En prototyp utvecklades och testades i samarbete med Husqvarna Group. Prototypen testades på 5 deltagare under en 10-dagarsperiod i kombination med en kvalitativ intervju. Detta för att ta reda på om det genererade incitament för trädgårdsarbete. Studien gjordes som ett konceptet-test och resultaten utvärderades med efter: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Resultatet visade att den konceptuella lösningen skulle upplevas användbar och accepterad, under förutsättning att den ger en personlig användarupplevelse. Framtida forskning föreslås att undersöka hur man kan uppnå en personlig användarupplevelse med gränssnittet för trädgårdsarbete.

This thesis compares a native Android application with two different classes of cross-platform applications, an interpreted application developed in React Native and a Progressive Web-Application (PWA). The main contribution of the thesis is a comparison table, placing application features on the y-axis and the evaluated frameworks on the x-axis. This table in conjunction with the cost analysis provide clear framework selection guidance. The evaluated applications were created to evaluate the frameworks' fulfillment of the enumerated features. A user study was performed to learn if there was any discernible difference between the evaluated applications. Qualitative data obtained from a think-aloud in the user study, indicates a slight preference for the PWA, despite a smaller feature set. However, quantitative analysis from a User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) failed to show any systematic UX performance difference over the evaluated applications. Therefore, it is concluded that cross-platform applications are able to both emulate and even outperform a native experience in some regards, with the added advantage of significantly offsetting both development and maintenance costs. Finally, we recommend using a cross-platform mobile application framework if it provides all the features required by the intended application. / Denna rapport jämför en “Native Android”-applikation med två olika klasser av plattformsoberoende applikationer, en “Interpreted”-applikation utvecklad i React Native och en “Progressive Web”-Applikation (PWA). Det största bidraget från denna rapport är en jämförelsetabell, där applikationsfunktioner placeras på y-axeln och de utvärderade ramverken på x-axeln. Denna tabell, i konjunktion med en kostnadsanalys, förser läsaren med en tydlig guide vid val av ramverk. De utvärderade applikationerna skapades för att utvärdera ramverkens tillgänglighet till de uppräknade funktionerna. En användarstudie utfördes för att utreda huruvida det existerade någon märkbar skillnad mellan de utvärderade applikationerna. De kvalitativa data som erhölls från en “think-aloud” i användarstudien indikerar en liten preferens för PWA:n, trots att den har tillgång till färre funktioner. Den kvantitativa analysen från ett “User Experience Questionnaire” (UEQ) misslyckades med att visa någon systematisk skillnad i UX mellan de utvärderade applikationerna. Slutsatsen är därför att plattformsoberoende applikationer både kan emulera, och till och med överträffa, en naturlig upplevelse i vissa avseenden, med en ytterligare fördel av att både utvecklings- och underhållskostnader väsentligt minskar. Slutligen rekommenderar vi användandet av ett plattformsoberoende applikationsramverk förutsatt att det har tillgång till alla funktioner som krävs för den avsedda applikationen.

There are many ways of implementing an application, and the choices of how to cater to the specific needs of a customer are many. Today, one of the major decisions made when developing an application is whether to implement a native or web-based solution. Each of these alternatives comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The choice between a native application or a web application is highly dependent on the necessity of certain functions. A native application has many valuable functions but lacks features that web applications can provide. A Progressive Web Application (PWA) is a third option that aims to combine the capabilities of both web and native mobile apps. This evaluation focuses specifically on the needs of a booking flow for airlines. In these types of self-service applications, high-quality Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is vital, as the user's experience will dictate each customer's view of and future interaction with the company. This thesis investigates if PWA are capable of achieving the same capabilities as a native application, as well as providing a high-fidelity prototype of a PWA application. This will allow companies to assess if PWA are suitable for this purpose along with what their strengths and weaknesses are. After evaluation, it was concluded that PWA are a viable alternative to native apps in this context, as a prototype was able to emulate the majority of established characteristics of a native app. / Det finns många olika sätt att utveckla en applikation på, hur man anpassar appen till dess användare kan se mycket olika ut från situation till situation. Vid utveckling av olika applikationer för olika företag brukar valet stå mellan nativ och webbapplikationer. Båda dessa har sina unika fördelar och nackdelar och beroende på bransch så kan dessa ha stor påverkan på hur användarna upplever företaget och dess app. Det är därför en essentiell del för företagen att välja den typ av applikation som kommer motsvara användarnas krav. Progressiva Webb Applikationer (PWA) är ett tredje alternativ till de ovan nämnda och ämnar att kombinera fördelarna med båda. Denna evaluering kommer därför titta närmare på alla tre applikations typerna, fördelar och nackdelar och slutligen evaluera om en PWA är ett värdigt alternativ till ett nativt bokningsflöde för flygbolag. I denna kontext är människa-data interaktionen mycket viktig då användarens upplevelse inte bara påverkar dess bild av appen utan även företaget. Denna evaluering kommer därav hjälpa företag inom detta område analysera om en PWA passar deras situation. Samt att tydliggöra dennes fördelar och nackdelar. De områdena som kommer undersökas är åtkomlighet, anslutning, prestanda, funktioner och användarupplevelse. Efter evalueringen, drogs slutsatsen att PWA kan uppnå samma kvalitet som en nativ app inom majoriteten av de undersökta områdena.