The number of supplementary schools in Taiwan has been amazingly increasing from 2,700 to more than 18,000 since the educational reform began in 1996. Some regard the growing number of supplementary schools as the result of educational reform; however, others believe it is because parents hope their children can have a better competitiveness. No matter how it describes, it is a solid fact that the number of supplementary schools has been increasing enormously. In Taiwan, a huge number of supplementary schools results in severely competitive environment. In addition, because young couples are not willing to have children, the birth rate in Taiwan declines rapidly; as a result, each supplementary school all gives its best to recruit students. Conventional supplementary schools only put emphasis on better faculty and lower tuition to compete with others so that there is barely any difference between those conventional supplementary schools. Therefore, it is almost out of questions for those supplementary schools to achieve high competitiveness only with the two attractions above. With the market circumstance stated previously, this study analyzes Strategy on Tutorial Teaching Applied in Supplementary School. This study adopts qualitative research method with interviewing; the information gathered and analyzed from each interviewee values. There are two categories of interviewees: supplementary school owners and teachers. Interviewing with owners provides the first-hand experience and explicit idea of core competitiveness when running a supplementary school. From interviewing with teachers, problems and solutions can be obtained from what they have encountered in Whole-Class Teaching. Furthermore, it is essential to understand whether the student loss is closely related to teaching effectiveness and how Tutorial Teaching and Whole-Class Teaching influence students on learning effectiveness. This study adopts qualitative research method with interviewing and reveals that Tutorial Teaching relatively promotes students¡¦ competence and improves learning obstacles. However, Tutorial Teaching meets quite a few concerns if it puts into practice. This study combines the data analyzed from qualitative research with the theory and reference of tutorial teaching as well as takes the cost of running a supplementary school into account so as to develop a ¡§Tutorial Teaching Program¡¨ which is suitable for supplementary schools. It will be a great satisfaction if this study establishes a guideline for supplementary schools to enhance competitiveness and promote learning effectiveness.

The mortality/morbidity and quality of life benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are well established, yet adherence to exercise is generally poor post-discharge. Recent trials have attempted to enhance adherence to aerobic activities during transition from CR to home-based exercise. However, these trials have not addressed resistance training, which is also an integral part of many participants' CR exercise routines. Because accessibility to familiar training equipment (e.g., weight machines) and instruction may be limited for many patients upon completion of CR, poor adherence to this beneficial form of exercise can be resultant. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a brief intervention involving the provision of a motivation-enhancing instructional manual and elastic Thera-Bands® on self-efficacy for, outcome expectancies for, and adherence to, upper body resistance exercise. It was hypothesized that participants receiving the intervention would report higher self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and greater adherence than those in a standard care control condition. The study was a randomized controlled trial involving informed and consenting CR participants recruited from an established outpatient CR programme at a major urban hospital (N = 40; n_males = 32; M_age= 61.20 ± 11.10). Participants in the intervention group (n=20) received an orientation to home-based upper body resistance training, a theory-based instructional manual designed to enhance self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and Thera-Bands®. The standard care control group received an orientation to home-based upper body resistance training and standard care CR follow-up (n=20). Participants completed baseline measures of self-efficacy for performing resistance training and activities of daily living as well as outcome expectancy measures one week prior to discharge from CR. The same measures were completed again one week later (i.e., at the end of the CR program), and at 4-weeks post-discharge. Participants logged their sets of upper-body resistance exercises continuously throughout the 4-week period following completion of the CR program. There were no differences between groups on any of the study variables at baseline. Participants in the intervention condition reported higher self-efficacy and outcome expectations for resistance training than controls at the 4-week follow-up assessment. Adherence to resistance training was significantly greater with the intervention group completing over twice as many (105%) sets over the four weeks than the control group. Maintaining or increasing upper body strength is an important outcome of CR as it relates to the performance of many activities of daily living. However, adherence to resistance exercises may be difficult upon completion of supervised, facility-based CR. This study illustrates that the provision of a motivation-enhancing instructional manual and low cost materials has a positive impact on self-efficacy, outcome expectations and adherence to resistance training, and may help participants make a successful transition to home-based resistance exercise. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

In the higher education industry, employee engagement is crucial to the survival of organizations because engaged employees increase profits, productivity, and sustainability. The purpose of this single case study was to explore leadership strategies that leaders of higher education organizations used to promote employee engagement. Expectancy theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Four leaders of a higher education organization in the southeastern United States were purposefully selected for the study based upon their experience implementing effective leadership strategies to promote employee engagement. Data were collected through face-to-face semistructured interviews, direct observation, and review of publicly available organizational documents. Data were transcribed and coded for common patterns and themes, then member-checked to reinforce the validity of the interpretations. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: engaging through communication, developing engagement strategies, and engaging through recognition and rewards. The findings from this study might contribute to social change by providing higher education leaders with strategies to promote a sustainable workforce, competitive edge, and increase productivity and profitability.

Syfte. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att befrämja patienters sömn ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. Bakgrund. Sömn är ett tillstånd som befinner sig utanför den medvetna kontrollen och ses som en viktig del av livet. Människan vet av erfarenhet att sömnen är ett stort behov och utan sömn en längre tid förändras våra beteenden, vår förmåga att koncentrera oss minskar, temperamentet ändrar sig och handlingsförmågan avtar. Tidigare forskning har visat att patienter inneliggande på sjukhus ofta klagar på sömnstörningar. Metod. En kvalitativ forskningsintervju användes för att uppnå studiens syfte. I studien har fem sjuksköterskor intervjuats från tre olika medicinavdelningar och från två olika städer. Resultat. Resultatet av studien visade att det fanns två huvudkategorier som sjuksköterskorna vidtar vid befrämjande av patienters sömn; omvårdnadsåtgärder och farmakologiska åtgärder. Konklusion. Författarna anser att det finns ett stort behov av fortsatta studier om hur man som sjuksköterska kan befrämja patienters sömn. Vidare anser författarna att sjuksköterskeutbildningen bör innehålla kunskap i sömn och dess omvårdnadsåtgärder vid insomningssvårigheter. / Aims. The purpose of this study was to describe the nurses experience of promote patients sleep in a perspective of caring. Background. When you are at sleep the mind is unaware of the surrounding, the sleep is an important part of life. Mans experience that sleep is a great need of mankind, the lack of sleep for sometime leaves you with lack of ability to concentrate, changes ones temperament and worsens ones ability to take action. Studies that have been done shows that hospitalized patients often complain that they suffer of sleeping disorder. Methods. A qualitative interview study was made to reach the study’s purpose. In the study 5 nurses were interviewed, they worked in two cities and in three different medicine divisions. Results. The results of the study showed two main categories of caring methods nurse’s uses to promote sleep appeared; caring methods and medical methods. Conclusions. The authors consider a further study of methods that a nurse can use to promote sleep is necessary. The authors also consider that nurse’s education would provide more knowledge about sleep and how to promote sleep.

<p>Syfte. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att befrämja patienters sömn ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv.</p><p>Bakgrund. Sömn är ett tillstånd som befinner sig utanför den medvetna kontrollen och ses som en viktig del av livet. Människan vet av erfarenhet att sömnen är ett stort behov och utan sömn en längre tid förändras våra beteenden, vår förmåga att koncentrera oss minskar, temperamentet ändrar sig och handlingsförmågan avtar. Tidigare forskning har visat att patienter inneliggande på sjukhus ofta klagar på sömnstörningar.</p><p>Metod. En kvalitativ forskningsintervju användes för att uppnå studiens syfte. I studien har fem sjuksköterskor intervjuats från tre olika medicinavdelningar och från två olika städer.</p><p>Resultat. Resultatet av studien visade att det fanns två huvudkategorier som sjuksköterskorna vidtar vid befrämjande av patienters sömn; omvårdnadsåtgärder och farmakologiska åtgärder.</p><p>Konklusion. Författarna anser att det finns ett stort behov av fortsatta studier om hur man som sjuksköterska kan befrämja patienters sömn. Vidare anser författarna att sjuksköterskeutbildningen bör innehålla kunskap i sömn och dess omvårdnadsåtgärder vid insomningssvårigheter.</p> / <p>Aims. The purpose of this study was to describe the nurses experience of promote patients sleep in a perspective of caring.</p><p>Background. When you are at sleep the mind is unaware of the surrounding, the sleep is an important part of life. Mans experience that sleep is a great need of mankind, the lack of sleep for sometime leaves you with lack of ability to concentrate, changes ones temperament and worsens ones ability to take action. Studies that have been done shows that hospitalized patients often complain that they suffer of sleeping disorder.</p><p>Methods. A qualitative interview study was made to reach the study’s purpose. In the study 5 nurses were interviewed, they worked in two cities and in three different medicine divisions.</p><p>Results. The results of the study showed two main categories of caring methods nurse’s uses to promote sleep appeared; caring methods and medical methods.</p><p>Conclusions. The authors consider a further study of methods that a nurse can use to promote sleep is necessary. The authors also consider that nurse’s education would provide more knowledge about sleep and how to promote sleep.</p>

This research focuses on human capacity development in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The need for local capacity building in this industry is imperative because oil and gas proceeds are the major source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. Oil has been exploited in Nigeria for over five decades and there is still relatively poor local participation and hence the need for this research. The idea is to encourage local participation so as to promote economic growth and industrial development. This research identifies reasons for the ineffective implementation of the Nigerian content policy and will develop a framework that will address holistically the factors needed to ensure industrial growth through proper implementation and particular attention is paid to specific factors that enhance participation of local firms in the oil and gas industry. The experience of Norway will be used as a case study to demonstrate the means by which they were able to achieve domestically based industrial competence while exploiting their petroleum resources and also the necessary conditions that was in place that encouraged proper exploitation of their resources. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

This research focuses on human capacity development in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The need for local capacity building in this industry is imperative because oil and gas proceeds are the major source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. Oil has been exploited in Nigeria for over five decades and there is still relatively poor local participation and hence the need for this research. The idea is to encourage local participation so as to promote economic growth and industrial development. This research identifies reasons for the ineffective implementation of the Nigerian content policy and will develop a framework that will address holistically the factors needed to ensure industrial growth through proper implementation and particular attention is paid to specific factors that enhance participation of local firms in the oil and gas industry. The experience of Norway will be used as a case study to demonstrate the means by which they were able to achieve domestically based industrial competence while exploiting their petroleum resources and also the necessary conditions that was in place that encouraged proper exploitation of their resources. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Language is a tool for communication. Through language we build relationships, share and create experiences with other people. Furthermore, language is an essential part of our identity. Our society is multicultural and it means that many people in Sweden are multilingual. The views on multilingualism has not always been positive, they have changed over the years and research shows the benefits of being multilingual. The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge of how preschool is working with multilingual children to give them the same opportunities that monolingual children already have from start. In this study I have investigated the vision educators have on multilingualism and the way they work to promote the development of multilingual children. This is an important topic because multilingualism is increasing dramatically in our society. There are more and more multilingual preschool children. According to the preschool’s teaching programme (Lpfö98 rev2010), every child has the right to develop its mother tongue as well as the Swedish language. Every child should also be entitled to the same stimulating environment and the same conditions for development and learning. It should feel safe and natural to be himself. To carry out this study, I have used qualitative methods. It means that I have visited three preschools and interviewed three preschool teachers and one preschool director. In my study, I have concluded that the preschool teachers I interviewed think highly of multilingualism and on how to promote it. They are aware that they need different methods, but especially that they need to keep up with the scientific developments.

In this study, we sought to define an underlying molecular mechanism of how inflammation induces cancer initiation. Cancer-associated inflammation is marked by the presence of inflammatory cells and mediators including cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species. There is a growing body of evidence establishing the link between chronic inflammation and cancer. Twenty percent of cancers have been linked to chronic infections. For instance, bacterial and viral infections induce inflammation which is a known risk factor for cancer. During inflammation, Ml macrophages' production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) drives their function as anti-microbial. Likewise, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) is known to induce a variety of stimulators, including ROS, to contribute to the inflammatory process. Therefore, we sought to explore the relationship between Ml macrophages and NF-KB, suggesting that Ml macrophage mediates cancer initiation via a NF-KB-dependent pathway, which collectively contributes to a metastatic phenotype.

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