Thesis (M.S.)--Purdue University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-56).

Oral health promotion interventions (OHPI) seek to achieve sustainable oral health improvements through actions directed at the underlying determinants of oral health. Clinical trials often promise levels of effectiveness which are not actually achieved in general use, indicating problems with implementation. This study set out to identify an OHPI for which there was strong evidence of effectiveness and then aimed to explore issues that arose in the implementation of that intervention. Research methods A sequential portfolio design was utilised. The first phase involved systematic reviews of literature to identify existing community based OHPI and interventions shown to be effective in reducing dental caries. These were also examined to determine whether the existing evidence base was informative about the process of implementing best evidence. Systematic reviews were undertaken on effectiveness of: supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes, supervised fluoridated mouthrinsing and promotion of dietary behaviours, all, in school children. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and BNI electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2013. In total, 47 studies were included in the reviews: 21 studies on supervised toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpastes, 12 on fluoridated mouthrinsing and 14 studies on healthy dietary behaviours towards caries prevention. The second phase was a qualitative research study, which was undertaken to explore the experiences, and perceptions of participants involved in decision-making, planning and delivery of one specific community based OHPI (supervised toothbrushing) in the North East of England. Nineteen participants (NHS and school staff) participated in the qualitative study. Knowledge translation in oral health promotion One-to-one interviews and focus groups interviews were conducted with the participants. Normalisation Process Theory constructs informed the development of the interview guides and was also used in data analysis. In the third phase of the study, an integration of the findings of the first and second phases of the study was conducted. Results In the systematic reviews of literature conducted, the various levels of clinical effectiveness identified were influenced by appropriate and regular fluoride use, involvement of OHP specialists, supervision by parents and the free provision and availability of materials. There was however a general lack of comprehensive information on all aspects of implementation of OHPI. In the second phase of the study, an exploration of barriers to implementation of an OHPI revealed the following: -inadequate utilisation of research evidence -gaps in leadership and management structures -non- investment in engagement and ownership of the intervention -challenges with partnership working and evaluation of implementation of OHPI. Conclusions Availability of evidence of effectiveness of an intervention does not imply that the intervention will be successful when rolled out. Published articles on evidence-based interventions do not have comprehensive information on the mechanisms and workability of the processes required for effective implementation of OHPI. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) enabled the exploration of factors that could facilitate knowledge translation and successful implementation of OHPI. In previous studies, NPT was used to evaluate effectiveness of interventions; in this study it was used to explore the implementation process of an OHPI and has highlighted the need for Knowledge translation in oral health promotion oral health promotion strategy makers and commissioners to revisit the “sense-making” aspect of evidence implementation, to reflect on the need for investing in all members of the team, to encourage the ‘ownership’ of interventions being implemented. In addition, there is a need to review existing leadership and management structures and to re-examine and amend the processes by which OHPI are monitored and reported. These measures would enable maximised effectiveness and sustainability of clinically effective OHPI.

Submitted diploma thesis deals with the topic of Marketing in Occupational Therapy. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on two main areas - Marketing and Occupational Therapy. The first part is focused on the familiarization with this field. The second part is devoted to marketing, where its general level to specific characteristic rising from the health care are described. The practical part offers the introduction of Children's Rehabilitation Centre Lentilka, where the questionnaire research based on the charting of satisfaction and evaluation of the occupational therapy service by parents of the occupational therapy clients took place. There was also conducted the quantitative study in the form of questionnaire research among doctors of specific specialism working in the region of Pardubice. This questionnaire research among doctors was concentrated on the charting of the foreknowledge in the occupational therapy field and its possibilities. Based on the analysis of the actual condition of the occupational therapy propagation and doctors' necessity to better understand the field, there are proposals for improving the marketing and promotion of occupational therapy in the Czech Republic. Those proposals are primarily focused on the professional...

No description available.

Even with access to well-known breast cancer treatment centers, older African American women continue to have higher breast cancer mortality compared to their European American counterparts. Researchers have theorized relationships among diagnostic delay, socioeconomic status (SES) factors, beliefs, culture, and breast cancer mortality in African American women ages 40 to 64, but these same relationships among African American women ages 65 to 80 have not been investigated. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe older African American women's experiences with abnormal mammograms. The quality-caring model and critical race theory were used through narration to show the association of structure and process within the context of race. Purposeful, criterion-based sampling was used to select and interview 12 African American women ages 65 to 80 who had an abnormal mammogram result after breast cancer screening (BCS) within the previous 2 years. Through narrative analysis with triangulation it was demonstrated that clinical and social systems within the process of BCS affected the women's perceptions of providers and outcome. Their independence, motivation, health outlook, and spiritualistic beliefs kept them adherent to BCS and longterm follow-up. Health promotion activities were supported by family, friends, and spirituality. Variations in mammography practices and poor provider communication were obstacles to health maintenance. Positive social change is supported through health care providers' understanding of the barriers that impede older African American women's follow-up of abnormal mammogram results. Removing these barriers may assist in the reduction of breast cancer mortality.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T13:29:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Ana Lucia Alves Carneiro da Silva - 2013.pdf: 2172004 bytes, checksum: 778df802938764ce461ba8fe9284b68b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T13:34:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Ana Lucia Alves Carneiro da Silva - 2013.pdf: 2172004 bytes, checksum: 778df802938764ce461ba8fe9284b68b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T13:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Ana Lucia Alves Carneiro da Silva - 2013.pdf: 2172004 bytes, checksum: 778df802938764ce461ba8fe9284b68b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / In the late twentieth century, health promotion emerged in answer to individual responsibility for health. Therefore, a service reorientation was proposed considering intersectoralaction as an important tool. The Brazilian Program Health in School is an iniciative focused on the partnership between Family Health teams and school community. To accomplish such partnership and build healthier schools, a program of continuing education is required. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of health promotion in the school context. The study was conduct using descriptive qualitative research. Data were collected from the participants in a course on health promotion practices through focus groups and, later, analyzed using Tesch’s proposition. The results suggest that the participant’s concepts and descriptions of the facilitators and the hindering factors evolved from a discourse centered on the individual to a perception of the collective. Then, we suggest the need to expand opportunities for continuing education, approaching both theoretical and practical content. / A promoção da saúde emergiu no final do século XX em resposta a responsabilização do indivíduo pela saúde, propondo a reorientação dos serviços, sendo a intersetorialidade uma importante ferramenta. O Programa Saúde na Escola é uma iniciativa com foco na parceria entre as equipes de Saúde da Família e a comunidade escolar, sendo necessária a realização de educação permanente para a construção de escolas saudáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os saberes e práticas de promoção da saúde, entre profissionais da saúde e da educação, no contexto da escola. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa qualitativa descritiva. Os dados foram coletados junto aos participantes de um curso de práticas promotoras de saúde, por meio de grupos focais e os dados foram analisados pela proposta de Tesch. Os resultados sugerem que as concepções dos participantes e a descrição de facilitadores e dificultadores das práticas, evoluíram de um discurso centrado no indivíduo para uma percepção sobre o coletivo. Sugere-se a necessidade de ampliar as oportunidades de educação permanente, aproximando conteúdos teóricos e práticas.

Low health literacy impacts an individual's ability to comprehend communication from healthcare providers, reduces access to healthcare, and contributes to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of learning style on adult health literacy education. The health belief model, protection motivation theory, the transtheoretical model, and social cognitive theory were used to analyze the data in this study, and to further develop effective health literacy education. The research questions addressed the effectiveness of educational intervention adjusted to their appropriate learning style in comparison to a standardized health literacy intervention and potential difference, according to type of learning style, in the amount of changed performance between pretest and posttest. A sample of 80 adults in an urban community was recruited through organizations serving low-income individuals. The participants were assessed for baseline health literacy level, followed by identification of learning style, educational intervention, and posttest assessment, which led to determination by t test that changes between pretest and posttest scores were statistically significant between the control group and the study groups. This finding suggests that health education should be delivered to patients according to individual learning style in order for patients to comprehend and retain information provided. Social change implications include healthcare professionals appropriately addressing health literacy so that patients may participate more actively in their personal healthcare decisions to improve healthcare quality outcomes, decrease long-term costs of delivering healthcare services, and improve the general health of the community.

Determinants of circulatory system diseases among the Czech population Abstract The determinants of circulatory system diseases are very well known, modifiable risk factors and factors widely spread among populations are in focus for the public health research. The aim of this thesis is a quantification of main cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population using the survival analysis and HAPIEE cohort data. The epidemiologic situation, trends in the Czech population health including "the cardiovascular revolution" is discussed in the first part of the thesis. Among the Czech population high prevalence of many risk factors were found. The education had the strongest impact on cardiovascular health from sociodemographic characteristics. The negative effect of smoking, prevalence of high blood pressure, prevalence of diabetes and physical inactivity was confirmed. On the other hand the impact of obesity, binge drinking and high blood cholesterol level was not significant among the Czech population. The population approach in cardiovascular epidemiology and cardiovascular health promotion as well are discussed in the last chapter. Keywords: diseases of the circulatory system, mortality, health transition, cardiovascular health, risk factors, survival analysis, health promotion

Access to primary medical care and prevention services in Nigeria is limited, especially in rural areas, despite national and international efforts to improve health service delivery. Using a conceptual framework developed by Penchansky and Thomas, this case study explored the perceptions of community residents and healthcare providers regarding residents' access to primary healthcare services in the rural area of Isu. Using a community-based research approach, semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 27 participants, including government healthcare administrators, nurses and midwives, traditional healers, and residents. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method for qualitative data analysis. Key findings included that (a) healthcare is focused on children and pregnant women; (b) healthcare is largely ineffective because of insufficient funding, misguided leadership, poor system infrastructure, and facility neglect; (c) residents lack knowledge of and confidence in available primary healthcare services; (d) residents regularly use traditional healers even though these healers are not recognized by local government administrators; and (e) residents can be valuable participants in community-based research. The potential for positive social change includes improved communication between local government, residents, and traditional healers, and improved access to healthcare for residents.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Population Health, Department of Public Health Sciences. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on November 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.