Over the past decade, cities have passed an unprecedented number of laws seeking to drive undocumented immigrants from their jurisdictions. At the same time, however, large numbers of cities have passed policies seeking to incorporate recent immigrants into local civic and social life, regardless of immigration status. What explains why similar cities have responded so differently? Quantitative analysis tests the explanatory power of theories of political opportunity structure, labor market competition, demographic changes represented as threats, and the exclusionary tendencies of homeowners in predicting the passage of exclusionary and inclusionary ordinances in cities nationwide. The predictors of the passage of exclusionary ordinances are consistent with the salience of political opportunity structure, demographic changes represented as threats, and the exclusionary tendencies of homeowners. The predictors of the passage of inclusionary ordinances are most consistent with theories of political opportunity structure and the relative absence of the exclusionary tendencies of homeowners in cities with lower levels of owner-occupied housing. Case studies in two sets of paired cities that passed diverging ordinances examine the social and political processes on the ground. This qualitative research finds that residents in exclusionary cities expressed anxieties over the effects of demographic change on home values and neighborhood character. Diverging processes of framing and mobilization emerge as central to the development of local collective identities that include or exclude new immigrant residents. Network analysis of the connections between local civil society organizations in each of the four case study cities identifies the architecture of local civil society networks as a significant factor correlated with the divergent responses to demographic change. The networks in exclusionary cities score highly on measures of density, clustering, and closure, suggest that the network is broken into cliques and that local elites are isolated both from recent immigrants and from non-elite, native-born residents. The high levels of network closure facilitate the creation of rigid group boundaries, the high levels of clustering reinforce pre-existing beliefs within those groups, and the network density aids in the enforcement of sanctions against those who deviate from group norms. By contrast, the networks in inclusionary cities are characterized by multiple organizational bridges between immigrant and native-born communities that facilitate the creation of relationships necessary to craft inclusive policies and a sense that local resources can grow with the population. The research suggests that the local laws seeking to drive out undocumented immigrants are an example of a broader category of exclusionary property laws. The linked social and spatial processes involved in the enactment and enforcement of these laws are one way in which categorical inequalities, such as socio-economic disparities by race, ethnicity, immigration status, or gender become embedded in place.

Law is a means to an end. The state has always claimed it uses law as a tool to promote social order and progress (the Brazilian National Flag is an example). The use of law to force social change to facilitate capital accumulation for elites in society flies in the face of what the takings clause is supposed to stand for. This research examines the connection between economic development and public good. It focuses on takings because takings lie at the intersection between economics, politics, and social relations. Takings are justified by necessity and public good, but the claim isn’t genuine. Takings condone displacement and cause harm. State-authorized condemnation juxtaposes civic duty with social obligation, ownership with license and privilege. The thesis developed here is the state is pushing the law of takings toward the satisfaction of private interests. To that end the public use concept was expanded. Kelo v. City of New London (2005) holds economic development is a public use and in making that fallacious claim the case has ruptured takings law. Public use shouldn’t be about private gain. Property should be creative and is when it facilitates productivity, but it’s destructive if it erodes personal autonomy. The state claims it promotes social good when it reorders uses, but the claim is false. Instead the state achieves an air of legitimacy, offering a sound rationale for acts of displacement and uses law to support the claim it promotes public good. If an individual doesn’t want to part with her property she shouldn’t be forced to do so. Taking is use of state power to accomplish ends that can’t otherwise be achieved. Taking is a lawful means to displace to benefit private interests. The proof of this is in the pudding of the transformation of law between Berman v. Parker (1954) and Kelo v. City of New London (2005). Berman (1954) required blight. Kelo v. City of New London (2005) eliminated that requirement. This thesis explains how law and state are captured by private interests. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-14T11:11:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Brazolin Abdulmassih.pdf: 1149052 bytes, checksum: cbcc484ba7591bb233e0838ae4dc9cb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T11:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Brazolin Abdulmassih.pdf: 1149052 bytes, checksum: cbcc484ba7591bb233e0838ae4dc9cb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-23 / The present study aims to relate the theory of the social function of property to the contributions made by the field of Economic Law. At first, it explores the history of private property, making use of the philosophical theories which tried to justify the problem of private property. Dealing with the assumptions of the Economic Law School of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, the ideas of John Locke and Jacques Maritain are brought, to expose the foundation of private property and humanism within political and economic relations. Approaching property relations within the scope of Economic Law, a brief history of its evolution that came to a head with the creation of a legal order of deontological nature, which acts upon the economy, a de facto universality of ontological nature. In this issue, Goffredo Telles Junior’s theory of Direito Quântico is used to reveal the human dignity with legal statutes, and the importance of Human Rights in relation to private property for the strengthening of Democracy. In an effort to narrow the scope of the research, there is an exposition on the legal theories pertaining the concept of estate, property and domain, so that the difference between dynamic and static property can be traced, focusing on the first, which is directed to the production of other goods. The study proceeds with a comparison among foreign legal orders, concluding for the narrow relation between the legal protection of property and the respect of its purpose, which must be socially useful. The research then explores the Brazilian legislation, from the first constitutions to the current Civil Code, to demonstrate that the means of production, the so-called dynamic property, comprises a specific legal situation, that must reconcile the value of work and self-initiative, as well as social justice. Based upon the legislation, this paper addresses examples where property, when it respects its social role, bring systemic growth of the economy and human dignity, as, regarding the constitutional economic order, cannot be set apart / O presente estudo se propõe a relacionar a teoria da função social da propriedade com as contribuições advindas do Direito Econômico. Explora primeiramente a história da propriedade, fazendo uso das teorias filosóficas que se ocuparam do problema da justificação da propriedade privada. Tratando dos pressupostos da escola de Direito Econômico da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, as ideias de John Locke e Jacques Maritain são expostas para trazer a fundamentação da propriedade pessoal e do humanismo nas relações políticas e econômicas. Passando para as relações da propriedade no âmbito do Direito Econômico, é traçado um breve histórico sobre a sua evolução que culminou na elaboração de uma ordem jurídica de natureza deontológica, atuando sobre a economia, uma universalidade de fato de natureza ontológica. Neste ponto, a teoria do Direito Quântico de Goffredo Telles Junior é utilizada para se revelar a dignidade humana subjacente às normas jurídicas, e a importância da interrelação entre Direitos Humanos e direito de propriedade para o fortalecimento da Democracia. Visando delimitar o objeto de estudo, foram investigadas as teorias jurídicas sobre os conceitos de patrimônio, propriedade e domínio, para então trazer a diferenciação entre propriedade dinâmica e propriedade estática, com maior foco na primeira, que é direcionada para a produção de outros bens. O estudo prossegue trazendo um estudo comparativo com outras ordens jurídicas estrangeiras, concluindo pela estreita relação entre o reconhecimento da propriedade e o respeito à sua finalidade, que deve ser socialmente útil. A pesquisa passa a cuidar da legislação brasileira, desde as primeiras constituições até o atual Código Civil, para demonstrar que a propriedade dos meios de produção, a chamada propriedade dinâmica, compreende uma situação jurídica específica, que deve compatibilizar os valores do trabalho e a livre iniciativa, bem como da justiça social. Com base na legislação, o trabalho aborda exemplos onde a propriedade, quando cumpre sua função social, traz ganhos sistêmicos que favorecem o crescimento da economia e da dignidade humana, que para fins da ordem constitucional econômica, não podem ser dissociadas

This dissertation examines how colonial histories converge with models for capitalist futures in Sierra Leone, framed by ongoing debates around the governance, accumulation and distribution of social goods. It explores how managerial logics of risk, human capital, resilience and corporate social responsibility informed the remaking of the state following a decade of civil war and military intervention. And it attends to the politics of reconstruction pursued in contexts of radical upheaval, examining material infrastructures and subjectivities as sites of transnationally mediated cultural transformation continuous with colonial memory and practice. An ethnographic and historical study based on 18 months of field and archival research in the Western Area (or Freetown Peninsula) of Sierra Leone, the dissertation contributes to debates around care, agency and social value, as well as the fraught relationship between knowledge and expertise in contexts of political, spatial and economic experimentation. Developing an approach that denaturalizes calamity and foregrounds long-term structural violence, chapters trace the growing cognizance of the relation between ecological risk and speculative practices in land and real estate markets in the country, briefly hailed as “Africa’s fastest growing economy” between 2012-2015. Examining the role of financial institutions, humanitarian agencies and contractors from the perspective of numerous stakeholders—including flood survivors and ex-combatants, builders and land brokers, urban planners and architects, World Bank officials and local conservationists—I demonstrate how reconstruction in Sierra Leone intensified dynamics of financialization under conditions of questionable sovereignty, reflecting entrenched hierarchies of rank within global labor and commodity markets and the long-term vulnerability of marginalized citizens to increasingly quotidian forms of harm. The dissertation argues for a methodological shift that understands official demands for citizens to embody their “resilience” as an enduring anticipation of catastrophe, one that has developed in tandem with normative aspirations for the “good life” in Sierra Leone. In contrast with the universal claims of liberal community, democratization and material renewal that accompanied the end of war, I track how manual work involved in excavating the foundations for residential sites in the new suburbs of Freetown coincided with a broader panic around the rising value, obscure origins, and growing scarcity of property, examining moral accounting around the relationship between prosperity and the uneven distribution of social injury. By situating ethnographic material on building, work and wealth alongside debates on global inequality, disaster capitalism, race and the poetics of history, I demonstrate the variety of social factors that sustain the violent futurity of growth. More pointedly, I argue that Sierra Leone reveals a shrinking zone of accountability for the human costs of development “by any means necessary,” as disasters increasingly reflect the retreat of the state in its capacity to protect or preserve human life. Ultimately, the dissertation underscores the contradictions of liberal governance in the wake of empire, new imperial relations in the face of old, and the seemingly premature claim of freedom therein.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-08T11:29:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maurício Maia.pdf: 1813295 bytes, checksum: 1624f36295d00e4b96f20bfc9b85b200 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:29:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maurício Maia.pdf: 1813295 bytes, checksum: 1624f36295d00e4b96f20bfc9b85b200 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-21 / The Brazilian Federal Constitution has in equality and human dignity two of its main vectors of interpretation and application. Combined with the fundamental objectives of the Republic, these two values give rise to a constitutional commandment of inclusion, imposing on the State and the society the duty to enable all people, without exception, to participate fully and effectively in social life, on an equal footing opportunities. Also, in order to achieve this, it is necessary to identify groups of people who need special legal treatment so that they can have the same opportunities of participation as other people. One of these groups of people is the group of people with disabilities. A fundamental part of this differentiated juridical treatment granted to persons with disabilities is the accessibility, a fundamental right which is instrumental to all other rights to be exercised by the members of this group of persons. Accessibility currently has a comprehensive concept, and is an important instrument for eliminating barriers to the inclusion of people with disabilities, interacting with other fundamental rights, such as the right to property. The guarantee of accessibility necessarily goes through the configuration that the legal system assigns to the property. We can understand that the accessibility is an integral part of the social function that the property must comply, by express constitutional determination. In this sense, there is a duty set by the constitutional order of observance of the norms of accessibility in the existing buildings or in the buildings that will be constructed. In the case of existing buildings, according to their nature, there is a duty of adaptation, which non-compliance may give rise to the consequences for non-compliance with the social function of property, as well as the responsibility of public or private agents. Public officials may even be held liable for acts of administrative misconduct, thus demonstrating the relevance of the accessibility in the Brazilian legal system / A Constituição Federal brasileira tem na igualdade e na dignidade humana dois de seus principais vetores de interpretação e aplicação. Conjugados com os objetivos fundamentais da República, esses dois valores fazem exsurgir um verdadeiro mandamento constitucional de inclusão, impondo ao Estado e à própria sociedade o dever de possibilitar a todas as pessoas, sem exceção, a participação plena e efetiva na vida social, em igualdade de oportunidades. Outrossim, para que seja possível o atingimento de tal mister, é necessária a identificação de grupos de pessoas que necessitam de um especial tratamento jurídico para que possam ter as mesmas oportunidades de participação que têm as demais pessoas. Um desses grupos de pessoas é o grupo das pessoas com deficiência. Parte fundamental desse tratamento jurídico diferenciado deferido às pessoas com deficiência é a acessibilidade, direito fundamental que é instrumental a todos os demais direitos a serem gozados pelos integrantes desse grupo de pessoas. A acessibilidade, atualmente, tem um conceito amplo, sendo importante instrumento de eliminação de barreiras à inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, interagindo com os demais direitos fundamentais, e, dentre eles, a propriedade. A garantia da acessibilidade necessariamente passa pela configuração que o ordenamento jurídico atribui à propriedade. Podemos entender que a acessibilidade é parte integrante da função social que a propriedade, por expressa determinação constitucional, deve cumprir. Nesse sentido, há um dever fixado pelo ordenamento constitucional de observância das normas de acessibilidade nas edificações existentes ou por serem construídas. No caso das edificações já existentes, conforme sua natureza, há um dever de adaptação, cujo descumprimento poderá ensejar as consequências previstas pelo descumprimento da função social da propriedade, bem como a responsabilização dos agentes, públicos ou privados. Aos agentes públicos é possível, inclusive, a imputação de ato de improbidade administrativa, demonstrando-se, assim, a relevância da acessibilidade no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

Map on lining papers Bibliography: leaves 425-435

Map on lining papers / Bibliography: leaves 425-435 / ix, 435 leaves : maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1983

A cidade de Curitiba já foi tida como sinônimo de vanguarda em desenvolvimento urbano e equilíbrio ecológico. Porém, como na maioria das grandes cidades brasileiras, ela enfrenta problemas sociais, sobretudo, na área da propriedade urbana e da própria preservação ambiental diante das invasões urbanas. Entretanto, a Constituição Federal garantiu aos administradores municipais um elemento essencial para a gestão de suas cidades, o Plano Diretor. Este instrumento, regulamentado pelo Estatuto da Cidade, suscita um planejamento estratégico do município, do seu desenvolvimento e uma maior gestão democrática dos próprios interesses dos cidadãos habitantes da cidade. Esta dissertação de Mestrado tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia jurídica da lei do Plano Diretor de Curitiba 2015 (Lei nº 14.771/2015), no tratamento dado por seus idealizadores (Sociedade, Poder Executivo municipal e Poder Legislativo municipal) à função social da propriedade, sob a perspectiva dos direitos Urbanístico e Ambiental. Por meio de pesquisa em bases de dados acadêmicos, na literatura especializada e na jurisprudência nacional, estabeleceu-se parâmetros para a classificação da eficácia dos ordenamentos contidos no plano diretor de Curitiba em plena (aplicável de imediato), contida (apenas parte pode ser aplicada) e limitado (necessita de uma regulamentação futura para ter eficácia). Entre os principais resultados da pesquisa, tem-se que de 96 artigos da lei do Plano Diretor de Curitiba, diretamente ligados à área do direito urbanístico, direito ambiental e à propriedade, 40% dos mesmos possuem eficácia limitada, 16% dos artigos possuem eficácia contida e 44% possuem a sua eficácia plena. Ou seja, 56% dos artigos, voltados ao tema da pesquisa, não possuem uma aplicabilidade plena de suas diretivas. Isto significa que a lei responsável pelo planejamento do desenvolvimento urbano da cidade, nos próximos 10 anos, não possui eficácia imediata e suficiente para transformar o aspecto nebuloso da distribuição justa e correta da propriedade e de sua função social dentro do território do município de Curitiba. / The city of Curitiba has been regarded as a forefront synonymous of urban development and ecological balance. However, as in most large Brazilian cities, Curitiba faces social problems, especially in the area of urban property and its own environmental preservation facing urban invasions motivated by that. However, the Federal Constitution guaranteed the municipal administrators an essential element for the management of their cities, the Master Plan. This instrument, the Master Plan, which was regulated by the City Statute, provided a strategic planning for the municipality, in its development and a greater democratic management of its own citizens interests, the townspeople. This Master's dissertation aims to analyze the legal force of Curitiba’s Master Plan 2015 (Law No. 14,771 / 2015) in the treatment given by its creators (Society, Municipal Administration and Municipal Legislature) to the social function of property. It was elected as a paradigm for analysis of this work the Urban Law and Environmental Law and their determinations that guide the use, exploitation of urban land and the preservation of the natural and urban environment within the legal orders generated by the approval of the project law update of the master plan of the city of Curitiba. Through research in academic databases, in specific literature and in national jurisprudence, parameters were established for ranking the effectiveness of the orders contained in the full master plan of Curitiba (immediately applicable) contained (only part can be applied) and limited (it needs a future regulation to be effective). The results obtained throughout this work are posted at the end of this paper and they express that from the 96 articles directly related to the urban law area, environmental law and the property contained in the new law of Curitiba’s Master Plan, 40% of them have limited effectiveness, 16% of the articles have contained efficiency and 44% have their full effect, that is, 56% of the articles focused on the theme’s work does not have full applicability of their policies, which imposes thinking to the external observer that the law responsible for the urban development of the city for the next 10 years, at this moment, does not have sufficient efficacy to transform the nebulous aspect of the fair and correct distribution of property and its social function in the municipality of Curitiba.