開始於70年代末和80年代初的改革有效地重整了中國大陸農村經濟。農村工業部門成為80年代中國大陸經濟中最具活力的部門之一，而中國大陸農村工業的發展是以鄉鎮集體所有的企業為先導的。然而，80年代末和90年代初，鄉鎮企業的外部環境開始變得日益嚴峻起來。並且，隨著改革開放和市場經濟快速發展，鄉鎮企業原有制度安排存在的低效率問題日益顯現出來，私有企業和國有企業不斷提高的競爭力，以及中國大陸宏觀經濟的週期性問題，而顯著地降低了鄉鎮企業的效益。由於鄉鎮企業所面臨的問題的增多，一些地方政府開始意識到如果鄉鎮企業要繼續成為農村發展的強大動力，產權改革是必要的。當中央政府於1996年採取了「抓大放小」的政策後，產權改革試點的政治基礎大大擴展了，中國大陸的鄉鎮企業也開始出現明顯的組織和所有制的改革。到2001年，以產權制度為主要內容的鄉鎮集體企業改革進一步擴大，其中涉及產權制度的改革已達90%。本論文將描述並分析鄉鎮企業產權制度改革過程，以及改制後的影響。 / In Shandong and most other parts of China, rural industrial growth was led by enterprises that were collectively owned by townships and villages (TVEs).However, during the late 1980s and the early 1990s, increased competition from private and state-owned enterprises, management problems, and the cyclical nature of the Chinese macro-economy significantly reduced the profitability of TVEs. As the problems facing TVEs multiplied, some local governments began to realize that property rights reform might be necessary and desirable if TVEs are to continue to be a strong engine of rural growth. When the central government adopted its “Zhua-da-fang-xiao” policy in 1996, the political space for experimentation in property rights reform expanded significantly, and China’s TVEs began to undergo significant organizational and ownership changes. By the end of 2001, about 90 percent of TVEs in Shandong had undergone property rights reform. The purpose of this and its companion volumes is to describe and to analyze the process of property rights reform among township-village enterprise in Shandong and to study the consequences of the reform.

人民公社制度解體後，村民自治組織成為基層管理的替代組織。村民自治對中國的民主政治建設產生了積極而又深遠的影響，但是村民自治組織在實際運作過程中，鄉鎮政府的管理和基層黨支部的直接領導機制依然在發揮重要作用，甚至在有些方面居於主導地位，不可避免引起權力間的衝突，影響基層選舉的品質。本文探討九○年代以來鄉鎮企業產權改革與九○年代末逐漸成熟的農村基層民主之間的互動關係，提出對中國農村經濟發展與政治民主之間的看法。 / Villagers' self-governing organizations, which are substitutes for the people's communes that were disintegrated, constitute the important means for governing rural areas in contemporary China. But in the operation of villagers self-governing organizations, the administration of village and town government and direct leadership mechanism of party branches at the grassroots’ level are still playing an important role, or even a leading role in some aspects, which causes unavoidable power conflicts. The paper discusses the interaction between the changes in the property rights of village enterprises in the late 1990’s and the development of grassroots democracy-villager self government and elections.

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