Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of the novel press-fit dental implant fabricated via electron beam melting (EBM, Southern Methodist Univ.) and compare it to a commercially-available porous-coated press-fit dental implant (Endopore, Innova Corp.). Twelve cylindrical shaped implants 3 mm in diameter x 5 mm long were made by EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) using Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. Twelve commercial implants (Endopore, Innova Corp.) of the same geometry were used as controls. Samples were implanted in rabbit tibia and retrieved six weeks postoperatively. Six specimens from each implant type were embedded undecalcified, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue (Sigma) for histomorphometry analysis. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was measured. On the six remaining samples from each implant type, the mechanical properties were evaluated by pushout test on a material testing machine. The samples were loaded at a loading rate of 1 mm/min. The pushout strength was measured and the apparent shear stiffness was calculated. The results were analyzed with a paired-t test. The histology shows osteointegration of surrounding bone with both implant types. Bone was found to grow into the porous space between the beads. Both the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and the EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) showed similar BIC. The mean BIC for the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implant were 35 ± 6% and 32 ± 9%, respectively. It failed to reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). The peak pushout force for Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implants were 198.80 ± 61.29 N and 243.21 ± 69.75 N, respectively. The apparent shear stiffness between bone and implant for the Endopore (Innova Corp.) and EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) implants were 577.36 ± 129.99 N/mm; and 584.48 ± 146.63 N/mm, respectively. Neither the peak pushout force nor the apparent shear stiffness of the implants was statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that the implants manufactured by EBM (Southern Methodist Univ.) perform equally well as the commercial implant Endopore (Innova Corp.) in this current animal model.

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Bakgrund: Trauma, tumörsjukdom, infektioner och cirkulationsrubbningar kan leda till förlust av kroppsdel. Forskning i ämnet är ofta medicinskt inriktad på smärtproblematik eller praktiska följder, medan patienters upplevelser och psykosocial påverkan hamnar i skymundan. Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att beskriva psykosociala aspekter i upplevelsen av att leva med en förlorad kroppsdel. Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats baserad på elva kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Att förlora en kroppsdel kan leda till påverkad självbild och psykosocial påverkan. Detta presenteras i huvudtemat att hantera en ny livssituation med underliggande teman jag är, jag ser ut, jag kan och socialt stöd. Slutsats: Vid förlust av kroppsdel oavsett etiologi kan självbilden påverkas i någon riktning. Sexuallivet såväl som vardagliga sysslor kan påverkas vilket i sin tur påverkar livskvaliteten. Att anpassa sig till en protes kan underlätta både den fysiska och den psykosociala aspekten, vilket påverkar självbilden positivt. Detta ämne har under det senaste årtiondet beforskats, men detta behöver förankras i klinisk praxis. Klinisk Betydelse: Genom att belysa de psykosociala aspekterna av att förlora en kroppsdel bidrar föreliggande uppsats till att öka förståelsen amputerade och mastektomerade patienters situation Nyckelord: amputation, mastektomi, protes, rekonstruktiv kirurgi, självbild, sexualitet / Background: Trauma, tumors, infections and vascular disease could lead to loss of limb. Research in the subject is often aimed at medical issues or practical matters, while the experiences and psychosocial aspects are being overlooked. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to describe psycosocial aspects of the lived experience of living with a lost bodypart. Method: A review of qualitative approach based on eleven qualitative articles. Results: Losing a body part may affect psychosocial elements and self-image. This is being presented in the main theme to adapt to a new aspect of life and three themes: I am, I look like, I'm apt and social support. Conclusion: Loss of a bodypart of variying aetiology can lead to concerns of self- image. Sexuality and daily life activities can be affected, with a loss of quality of life as a consequence. To adapt to a prosthesis can ease both the psycosocial and physiological aspects of this transition, with im proved self-image as a result. This topic has been researched during the last decade, but the knowledge has yet to reach clinical praxis. Clinical significance: This study highlights the psycosocial aspects of losing a body part in order to give a deeper understanding of the needs of these patients. Key words: amputation, mastectomy, prosthesis, reconstructive surgery, self- image, sexuality

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In this thesis Graphit-iC™, an amorphous carbon coating developed by Teer Coatings Ltd. was modified and deposited onto CoCr and WHMWPE substrates in order to improve the wear properties. It was identified that depositing a hard coating onto soft substrate would cause high stresses and lead to coating delamination. Consequently the polyethylene substrates were ion implanted with nitrogen to reduce the hardness differential at the substrate-coating boundary. The coating was characterised using a pin on disc method in order to determine wear and friction. Hardness and fatigue was characterised using nano-indentation and the coating adhesion was measured using scratch testing. Application of the coatings resulted in a significant reduction in wear. Wear factors as low as 3.65x10¯18m³/Nm were achieved for coated CoCr substrates compared to 3.53x10¯15m³/Nm reported in the literature for uncoated CoCr. The coating resulted in friction coefficients between 0.12 and 0.19 with hardness ranging from 6.65 and 15.63GPa. Similarly coating UHMWPE resulted in a reduction in the wear factor to less than 9.6x10¯17m³/Nm. It was concluded that the deposition of amorphous carbon coatings can improve wear of hip joint prostheses, although consideration must be made for the adhesion of the coating to the substrate so that it does not contribute to an early failure of the device. Improved adhesion can be achieved by reducing the hardness differential between the coating and adhesion, either through softening the coating or by using interlayers.

<p>Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease in the adult population. A significant aortic stenosis is a serious condition, and if a symptomatic patient is not operated on, it may in most cases cause death. We have examined how many aortic stenoses that were diagnosed during one year, and a follow-up of the patients was also performed. We found 77 patients with significant aortic stenosis with a mean age of 76±13 years. At the time of follow-up 30 (39%) patients, aged between 29-85 years, had been surgically treated with implantation of a valve prosthesis within 2-23 months after the initial examination. At this initial examination 14 of the 30 patients who later underwent surgery had no symptoms. A coronary bypass operation was also performed on seven patients. Postoperative complications were observed in six patients, but none of them was fatal. At the initial examinations there were 26 (34%) patients with a significant aortic stenosis and symptoms who were not treated surgically. The main reason why these patients were not operated was high age, unwillingness, or severe left ventricular dysfunction. This study indicates the importance of repeated clinical and echocardiograpic examinations in patients with aortic stenosis. Almost half of the patients, that later underwent surgery, had no symptoms at the initial examination, but later developed symptoms which made surgery necessary. In one third of the patients no surgery was performed in spite of clinical symptoms.</p>

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Aseptic osteolysis is a major complication to total joint arthroplasty requiring several thousand people a year to have to undergo revisions of their joint prosthesis. The formation of the interfacial membrane has been associated with aseptic osteolysis leading to the failure of all types of total joints. Recent evidence suggests that RANKL, a potent activator of bone reabsorption, is present in the interfacial membrane. Prior research in this laboratory to determine the source of RANKL in the interfacial membrane has revealed the presence of intense areas of RANKL concentration in the membrane. These areas of RANKL concentration correspond to multiple nuclei and a distinct cellular structure in the tissue as determined through light microscopy. This structure either represents a multi-nucleated giant cell or a cluster of cells that express high concentrations of RANKL. These following studies attempted to characterize this cell and determine its lineage.The results of these studies show that the RANIU producing anomaly appears multi-nucleated in all examples with a RANKL staining pattern that makes it appear as a multi-nucleated cell. Furthermore this RANIU positive giant cell (RPGC) stains negative for markers typically seen on myeloid cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. This RPGC does however stain very well for fibroblast markers and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The most interesting result from these studies revealed that this cell was positive for cytomegalovirus and expressed high concentrations of TNF-a converting enzyme (TACE). These data lead to a hypothesis as to how this cell might form and how large an impact it might play in the interfacial membrane with respect to aseptic bone reabsorption.

The aim of this thesis was to determine the biomechanical adaptations made by active unilateral trans-tibial amputees when they used a prosthesis incorporating a hydraulically-damped, articulating ankle-foot device compared to non-hydraulically attached devices. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded while participants ambulated over a flat and level surface at their customary walking speeds and at speeds they perceived to be faster and slower using the hydraulic device and their habitual foot. Use of the hydraulic device resulted in increases in self-selected walking speeds with a simultaneous reduction in intact-limb work per meter travelled. Use of the device also attenuated inappropriate fluctuations in the centre-of-pressure trajectory beneath the prosthetic foot and facilitated increased residual-knee loading-response flexion and prosthetic-limb load bearing during stance. These changes occurred despite the hydraulic device absorbing more, and returning less, energy than the participants’ habitual ankle-foot devices. The changes were present across all walking speeds but were greatest at customary walking speeds. The findings suggest that a hydraulic ankle-foot device has mechanical benefits, during overground gait, for active unilateral trans-tibial amputees compared to other attachment methods. The findings also highlight that prosthetic ankle-foot device ‘performance’ can be evaluated using surrogate measures and without modelling an ‘ankle joint’ on the prosthetic limb.