The amount of public money invested in the venture capital industry has increased sub-stantially over the last few decades. The goal is, in general, to facilitate growth in highly in-novative small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) by securing their supply of capital in early stages. Hence, an important aspect of the effectiveness of public investment is wheth-er it increases the investees’ ability to attract additional funding. The process through which public investments can contribute to a better supply of capital to SMEs by more than just their own investment is commonly known as the catalysing or leverage effect of public in-vestment. In order to increase understanding of how this effect can be maximized, this study com-pares the amount of capital attracted to Swedish SMEs as a result of public fund-of-fund (FoF) investment to that of direct public investments. This study shows that: - FoFs are more effective in increasing the capital supply to SMEs in the market. - Public investments have a higher catalysing effect on the fund level than on the enterprise level. Hence, EUR 1 invested at the fund level has a larger positive impact for SMEs than EUR 1 invested at the enterprise level. - The investment quality of private venture capital (VC) investments is generally higher than that of direct public investments. Hence, FoFs allows public inves-tors to "free ride" on the skills of private VCs rather than setting up own struc-tures. / Masters Thesis

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborgs universitet, 1992. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement and English abstract inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-300).

Submitted by Antonio Marcos Martins (marcosheavy2006@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T23:37:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_ant_marcos.pdf: 2209443 bytes, checksum: 5809322bcbd49c13b3078583b66e75ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-04-27T18:38:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_AM_me_fran.pdf: 2209443 bytes, checksum: 5809322bcbd49c13b3078583b66e75ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T18:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_AM_me_fran.pdf: 2209443 bytes, checksum: 5809322bcbd49c13b3078583b66e75ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / O objetivo deste estudo encontra-se alicerçado na busca por elementos de matriz quantitativo-qualitativa sobre a natureza dos gastos com Cultura no município de Taquaritinga (SP) entre os anos de 2005 e 2016, a partir da análise documental disponível sobre o tema retratado, ou seja, Leis de matriz orçamentária (Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias-LDO; Lei Orçamentária Anual-LOA) enquanto estimativas projetadas pelo Poder Executivo Municipal em contrapartida com a efetivação do montante projetado a partir da análise dos gastos ano a ano no recorte proposto. A ferramenta contábil, por nós utilizada, para fazer esse contraponto entre os gastos estimados nas leis orçamentárias e o que foi efetivado será Balanço de Gastos Anuais entre 2005-2016 para o setor da Cultura, fornecido pela Prefeitura Municipal. Os dados quantitativos aferidos servem como subsídio para a construção de padrões qualitativos de aplicação do montante de verbas públicas aplicadas pela Secretaria da Cultura no setor. A análise qualitativa do montante aplicado nos concede indícios, padrões e especificidades sobre a qualidade do gasto e nos permite questionar em quais setores da Cultura os valores foram aplicados. Outro viés utilizado, para a construção de nosso objeto de pesquisa, encontra-se ancorado na produção bibliográfica relacionada à elaboração, implementação e avaliação das políticas públicas, principalmente no tocante ao âmbito municipal. Como escopo almejado, pretendemos contribuir para os estudos que possuem o espaço subnacional ou municipal como foco de atenção, e a análise das políticas públicas, em particular no campo da Cultura, como meta estruturante. / The objective of this study is based on the search for elements of quantitative-qualitative matrix nature of expenses with Culture in the city of Taquaritinga (SP) between the years of 2005 and 2016, based on the documentary analysis on the subject, in other words, Laws of Budgetary Matters (Law of Budgetary Guidelines- LDO; Annual Budgetary Law- LOA) as estimates projected by the Municipal Executive Power in counterpart with the effectiveness of the projected amount from the analysis of expenses year by year in the proposed cut. The accounting tool used by us to make this counterpoint between the expenditures estimated in the budget laws and what was done will be Annual Expenditure Balance between 2005-2016 for the Culture sector, provided by the City Hall. The quantitative data obtained serve as a subsidy for the construction of qualitative standards of application of the amount of public funds applied by the Secretariat of Culture in the sector, consequently the qualitative analysis of the amount applied grants us indications, standards and specificities on the quality of spending and allows us question in which sectors of the culture the values were applied. Another way used for the construction of our research object is anchored in bibliographical production related to the elaboration, implementation and evaluation of public policies, mainly in the municipal scope. As a desired scope, we intend to contribute to the studies that have the subnational or municipal space as the focus of attention, and the analysis of public policies, particularly in the field of Culture, as a structuring goal.

Nessa pesquisa nos concentramos na urbanização turística litorânea e nos grandes projetos urbanos promovidos por investimentos públicos em Belém (PA) e Fortaleza (CE) entre 1990 e 2010. Esses são realizados no espaço público dessas cidades onde o turismo acontece, e neles, geralmente, quantidades consideráveis dos recursos públicos são investidas e, justamente por isso, devem ser bem aplicadas. Assim, questionamos o modo como essas intervenções urbanas são atualmente planejadas e conduzidas a partir do estudo do fenômeno em duas regiões metropolitanas. Demonstramos quanto custou e quem pagou as intervenções, qual foi sistema e a participação estatal nesse montante; quais equipamentos (turísticos) foram criados, qual foi o impacto no entorno, principalmente no espaço público, e qual o impacto para a população, ou seja, se os novos equipamentos foram socializados. Na capital paraense o enfoque está na série de projetos realizados pelos governos municipal e estadual na orla, mas principalmente no projeto da Estação das Docas, realizado a partir da revitalização de três armazéns do porto, enquanto que em na capital cearense a atenção está voltada para o Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura construído no bairro da Praia de Iracema. Conforme procuramos evidenciar, esses grandes projetos urbanos aliados a outras políticas governamentais foram muito importantes na revitalização dos espaços públicos, e se configuram numa peça importante para o desenvolvimento do turismo nesses lugares beneficiando milhões de pessoas. P / In this research we focus on tourist development in coastal and great urban projects promoted by public investments in Belém (PA) and Fortaleza (CE) between 1990 and 2010. These are held in public spaces of these cities where tourism takes place, and they usually considerable amounts of public funds are invested, and rightfully so, should be well implemented. Thus, we question how these urban interventions are currently planned and conducted from the study of the phenomenon in two metropolitan areas. We show how much it cost and who paid the interventions, which was the state system and the participation by this amount, what equipment (tourist) were created and what was the impact on the environment, especially in the public space, and the impact on the population, ie, if new equipment have been socialized. In the state capital of Pará is the focus on a series of projects undertaken by municipal and state governments on the waterfront, but mainly in the design of the Estação das Docas, made from the revitalization of three warehouses of the port, while in the state capital of Ceará attention is focused on Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura built in the neighborhood of Praia de Iracema. As we seek to show, these large urban projects coupled with other government policies were very important in the revitalization of public spaces, and make up a major component for the development of tourism in these places benefiting millions of people.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-01T11:00:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 willianskaizerdossantosmaciel.pdf: 2649929 bytes, checksum: af8249943fb504af3989f39d3052b877 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:34:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 willianskaizerdossantosmaciel.pdf: 2649929 bytes, checksum: af8249943fb504af3989f39d3052b877 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 willianskaizerdossantosmaciel.pdf: 2649929 bytes, checksum: af8249943fb504af3989f39d3052b877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-14 / O presente trabalho se propõe a identificar qual o impacto que a aplicação de recursos públicos educacionais produz na qualidade de aprendizagem no Ensino Médio utilizando como parâmetro o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb) no período de 2005 a 2011. Objetiva-se, neste estudo de caso, verificar se a eficiência dos investimentos financeiros públicos na área educacional é preponderante na variação do Ideb para essa etapa de ensino. Para esta pesquisa, consideram-se as informações do Investimento Público em Educação e do Ideb apenas da Rede Estadual de Ensino em todas as Unidades da Federação para a análise dos dados. Para a produção deste texto, são realizadas consultas a várias bases de dados, entre elas do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (Inep) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamento da Educação Pública (Siope), além das literaturas referentes ao tema. Os dados e informações coletados e produzidos são tratados por meio de análise quantitativa utilizando ferramentas estatísticas e matemáticas. Esta pesquisa contribui como um instrumento para auxiliar na elaboração, implantação, monitoramento e avaliação das políticas públicas educacionais no que se refere à qualidade de ensino e aos investimentos em educação. / This dissertation aims to identify what the impact on upper secondary quality learning is produced by the public resources application to education, using as a parameter the Basic Education Development Index (Ideb in Portuguese) in the period from 2005 to 2011. This case study aims to examine if the efficiency of public investments in education is predominant in the Ideb variation for this education level. This research considers for the data analysis the Public Investment in Education data and the Ideb for the State Schools in all Federation Units in Brazil. In this study the databases analysed are from the National Institute of Educational Studies and Researches (Inep) and the Education Public Budget Information System (Siope in Portuguese). Also the literature review about the topic is presented in this research. Using statistical and mathematical tools the data and the information collected and produced in this study are examined on quantitative analysis. This research contributes as a tool for educational public policies formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation as regarding to quality learning and education investments.

Orientador: Carlos Salas Paez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T19:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarvieII_C.Kelvin_M.pdf: 1548505 bytes, checksum: f02a39978cef7e48fedac258dc8ad07c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Libéria, como muitas economias em desenvolvimento têm se esforçado para incentivar o investimento em uma tentativa de facilitar o crescimento econômico e a criação de emprego. Este tem sido reforçada pelos esforços do governo para atrair investidores através de políticas favoráveis ao investimento. O desempenho recente da economia da Libéria tem sido um pouco prejudicada pela taxa de aumento da informalidade e do subemprego. Políticas voltadas estritamente para alcançar a estabilidade macroeconômica e ao crescimento do emprego acelerado sem consideração aos problemas da qualidade do emprego criado. Esta situação é, provavelmente, um reflexo do fato de que o ímpeto de crescimento na Libéria é alcançado inadequadas ou não está direcionado para as atividades de trabalho intensivo. Setores com alta taxa de absorção de trabalho: como a manufatura, turismo, agricultura e exportações de mercadorias não têm atraído o investimento necessário para aumentar o crescimento e desempenho do emprego. A economia da Libéria, portanto, requer uma revisão profunda das atuais políticas nacionais de desenvolvimento para gerar crescimento que iria melhorar as condições de vida da população. Promover a criação de emprego e renda para a realização de suas metas de redução da pobreza, é uma tarefa inadiável. Para que o crescimento do emprego possa ser realizado, este texto propõe várias iniciativas destinadas a reforçar o emprego / Abstract: Liberia like many developing economies have endeavored to encourage investment in a bid to facilitate economic growth and job creation. This has been enhanced by the government's efforts to attract investors through many favorable investment policies. The fairly decent growth performance of the Liberian economy has been somewhat dented by the increasing rate of informality and underemployment. Policies narrowly focused on achieving macroeconomic stability and accelerated growth without adequate employment consideration and facilitation. This situation is probably a reflection of the fact that the growth impetus achieved in Liberia is either inadequate or does not come from investment directed into the labour intensive activities. Sectors with high labour absorption rate such as manufacturing, tourism, merchandize agriculture and exports have not attracted the necessary investment to enhance growth and employment performance. The Liberian economy therefore requires a thorough review of the current national development policies to generate growth that would promote job creation and improve incomes for the realization of its poverty reduction goals. For employment-friendly growth to be realized, this paper attempts to propose various initiatives aimed at enhancing employment / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

The performance of capital projects, in terms of meeting cost, time and performance requirements, has always been questionable. Despite the availability of project management tools, techniques, processes and advanced software applications, the overall non-performance of large capital projects has seemed to stagnate over the past century. Calls by financiers and participating stakeholders have been surfacing since the 1980s for a different approach to the management of development and implementation of capital projects, especially those that extend into multiple countries. Rather than exploring the development of radical new ways for managing the life-cycle of large capital projects, this research focussed on conducting a review of general management areas and their response to institutional failure. Towards the end of the 20th century the corporate world experienced much turbulence and controversy with respect to responsible financial and corporate management. Various corporate scandals were reported, the result being the development and implementation of various forms of corporate governance principles. The roll-out and application of corporate governance soon became a global imperative with a fairly positive impact on responsible corporate citizenship. Given the success and global acceptance of corporate governance, the potential application of the principles contained in corporate governance guidelines, and even legislation, in the field of capital projects, was investigated. The view of projects as a form of temporary organisation was used to establish the parallel between general and project management practices, resulting in reference to the term project governance. In general project management literature, the term ‘project governance’ is used in various applications, namely information management protection, project control and even to indicate project portfolio management. However, no commonly agreed upon definition for the term was found. In order to contextualise the term ‘project governance’, an in-depth literature study was done on the evolutionary development of corporate governance as well as the characteristics of large capital projects. Given the literature background, a Delphi study was conducted among experienced and knowledgeable project practitioners and academics to establish a common definition and framework for project governance. Two important observations from the Delphi study were first the requirement that project governance should be strongly aligned with corporate governance principles and second and that a typical project governance framework should be fairly generic with flexibility to allow for customisation for specific applications. Given the input from the Delphi study, two corporate governance frameworks were selected as the basis from which to compile the principle backbone for a Concept Project Governance Framework (CPGF). In order to allow for the multi-country, multi-company participation of large capital projects, especially where established companies from the West are involved in projects in the developing world, the corporate governance frameworks of the United States of America (USA), namely the Sarbanes Oxley Act and the King II Report from South Africa, were used. These two frameworks represented the thinking and corporate drives of the two respective countries, and for that matter, the developed and developing worlds. With input from the Sarbanes Oxley Act, King II, Delphi results and literature review, the CPGF was constructed for testing on various case studies. The case study research was conducted in two phases. The first phase, also referred to as the primary case studies, comprised an in-depth study on two large projects involving cross-border participation by various local and international companies and stakeholders. Although it was intended to select a mix of successful and unsuccessful projects for the primary study, the unwillingness of project managers involved in unsuccessful projects to reveal information made the inclusion of these project cases not viable for this study. The two primary case studies selected were based on successful projects. The extent to which these projects formally or informally adhered to or did not adhere to project governance principles as stipulated in the CPGF was evaluated. Apart from a review of literature on the primary case studies, the nominal group technique (NGT) was also employed to extract embedded information from project role players. Their input was documented and incorporated into the CPGF. In order to confirm the general application of the CPGF, a set of secondary case studies was conducted. These case studies comprised a total of 15 capital projects, selected from various sources and industries. These projects were categorised as being ‘successful’, ‘questionable’ or ‘a failure’. The reasons for the outcomes were plotted against the existing CPGF criteria and it was evident that the reasons for success or failure could be traced to specific areas in the CPGF. According to the CPGF, the most prominent areas that determined project performance, whether failure or success, were the composition of the steering committee as well as adherence to ethics, responsible conduct and conflict of interest. Given the results of the research, the study concludes with a proposed Project Governance Framework (PGF) to be applied to large capital projects, especially during the initiation phase of the project. It is believed that adherence to the generic stipulations listed in the PGF will contribute positively to the successful outcome of large capital projects. Copyright 2008 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in his work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bekker, MC 2008, Project governance for capital investments, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11112008-162737 / > D527/gm / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Graduate School of Technology Management / unrestricted

The youth are generally in the peripheral of most development endeavors. This research dealt with factors influencing financial sustainability of youth enterprises funded under the Youth Enterprise Development Fund in Karonga, a district in the Northern Region of Malawi. The study was conducted through a descriptive and analytical survey. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Questionnaires were analyzed and presented using graphs and in form of percentages. Findings from the questionnaires, interviews and FGDs were analyzed for content and presented in narrative form according to the thematic areas in relation to the variables. This research has revealed that repayment rates of YEDF beneficiary enterprises in the district are at 31 percent and that those that have finished paying back the loans stand at 15 percent. The research shows that political influence and inadequate capacity building skills in business management are some of the major reasons for the low repayment of the YEDF loans. The leaders and members in most groups had no prior experience and capacity for running a business. The challenges have negatively affected the revolving nature of the fund. The study recommends that YEDF should be independent of political influence, group members be given more training to enable them understand key business and financial management skills and, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of these groups by the YEDF officers.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_MarceloSoaresde_D.pdf: 2436002 bytes, checksum: 17f432ef0c2d7cbff7f9aa69e08a4cbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo central deste estudo é a avaliação crítica da proposta pós-keynesiana de erradicação do desemprego conhecida como o empregador de última instância (employer of last resort, ELR). De acordo com esta proposta, o Estado deveria agir como empregador residual, contratando todos aqueles dispostos a trabalhar em troca de um salário básico do setor público (basic public sector wage, BPSW); ao fazê-lo, seria colocado em operação um mecanismo de estoque regulador de emprego, gerando desemprego zero e maior estabilidade de preços e salários. As raízes teóricas desta proposta - ao menos em seu formato mais recente - podem ser encontradas nos conceitos econômicos de moeda guiada por impostos e finança funcional. Longe de ser consensual mesmo dentre os próprios pós-keynesianos, a proposta do ELR tem estimulado muita discussão no meio acadêmico a respeito de seus méritos e limites. A avaliação da proposta acima referida ganha particular interesse no tocante à sua efetiva aplicabilidade no contexto das economias subdesenvolvidas, o que constitui exatamente a parte conclusiva deste estudo. De modo a obter um melhor entendimento acerca das razões pelas quais há falta de consenso em relação ao ELR entre os pós-keynesianos, é apresentado, no primeiro capítulo, um breve panorama da abordagem de Keynes quanto ao mercado de trabalho; na seqüência, uma também sucinta apresentação das contribuições de Keynes, Kalecki e Lerner com respeito às políticas de pleno emprego - nas quais muitas das visões e dos motivos para o atual dissenso dos pós-keynesianos podem encontrar suas origens. Um terceiro capítulo procura retratar as propostas do ELR segundo as visões de Minsky e dos cartalistas, bem como o debate teórico a que deram origem. O capítulo final procura sintetizar os conteúdos (e polêmica) anteriores, de modo a condensar uma proposta viável de geração do pleno emprego, com destaque para as economias subdesenvolvidas / Abstract: The main purpose of the following study is to critically evaluate a Post Keynesian proposal for unemployment eradication known as the employer of last resort (ELR). According to that proposal, State should act as a residual employer and hire all willing to work for a basic public sector wage (BPSW); in doing so, an employment buffer stock mechanism would be put in place generating zero unemployment and greater price-wage stability. The theoretical roots to that proposal - at least within its most recent design - may be found in the economic concepts of tax-driven money and functional finance. Far from being consensual even amongst the Post Keynesians themselves, the ELR proposal has instigated much academic discussion about its merits and shortcomings. The above mentioned proposal evaluation becomes of particular interest when it comes to its actual applicability in the context of underdeveloped economies, which comes to constitute the concluding part of this study. In order to accomplish a better understanding of the reasons why a lack of consensus about the ELR is found within the Post Keynesian school of thought, a brief view of Keynes's approach to the labor market is presented in the first chapter; following, an also succinct presentation of the theoretical contributions of Keynes, Kalecki and Lerner about policies for full employment - where much of the current Post Keynesian views and dissent may find its origins. A third chapter attempts to present the ELR proposals according to the views of Minsky and the chartalists as well as the theoretical debate that resulted. The final chapter seeks to synthesize the contents (and polemics) above in order to build up a feasible proposal to generate full employment, especially in the underdeveloped economies / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration