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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Continuity of care among the homeless

Saunders, Sarah Lee 01 January 1990 (has links)
The dissertation employs Andersen and Newman's conceptual framework of health service utilization to examine continuity of care among homeless people. The research context is the Health Care for the Homeless Program which provides free health and medical care to thousands of homeless people in 19 major U.S. cities. The study examines continuity of care for a common illness episode among homeless people, namely peripheral vascular disease of the lower limbs and related disorders. Continuity is modeled as a function of predisposing individual, illness level, and health service system characteristics. The analysis uses multiple regression statistical methods to assess whether and the extent to which individual and health system determinants have net effects on continuity. The findings suggest two related theoretical implications. First, there are multiple sources of continuity. Second, health service system and individual characteristics affect continuity net of each other. The findings also suggest several practical implications including the importance of full-time outreach staff, verbal instructions to return for care, and more extensive weekly hours at each delivery site, just to name a few.
2

Does Life Satisfaction Explain Body Mass Index? Policy Implications of Subjective Wellbeing in Obesity Interventions

2013 August 1900 (has links)
Recently, subjective wellbeing, or more popularly, happiness and life satisfaction, have received growing interest from social scientists, policy makers, and the public alike. This thesis applies Wellbeing, Self-determination, and Social Cognitive theories, and investigates the role of subjective wellbeing for obesity. The main methodology is multivariate regression with ordinary least square, Logit, and two-stage least square estimators. The data are from the Canadian Community Health Survey, 2010. Results show that subjective wellbeing has negative, independent impact on body mass index (BMI) and on the probability of being obese after controlling for the conventionally studied determinants of obesity like age, gender, income, and education. The study contributes to the literature on obesity and suggests possible policy interventions on obesity from the perspective of subjective wellbeing.
3

An analysis of low-income Caucasian, Black and Hispanic women's responses to Project: Aware, a two-year televised informational campaign about breast cancer

Lacoy, Jacqueline 01 January 1994 (has links)
American Cancer Society(ACS) of Greater Boston in partnership with CVS Pharmaceuticals, Mobile Diagnostics and WHDH-TV developed Project:AWARE which offered breast cancer information and free mammograms for over two years in the Greater Boston area. This program was designed to reach low income and/or minority women. In this study the intended audience for Project:AWARE was studied in order to determine if the messages reached them. Forty Hispanic, forty Black and forty Caucasian women thirty-five years of age or older who live in Boston Housing Authority developments were interviewed. An interviewer, using a questionnaire, requested information about the participants' knowledge of breast cancer, knowledge of Project:Aware, and television viewing habits in order to determine if they had seen any part of this extensive television campaign and if it convinced them to get a mammogram. After two documentaries, over 1500 airings of Public Service Announcements(PSA's), ten locally produced programs and numerous ten-second calendar spots, ten-percent of the sample remembered seeing a Project:AWARE message on television while a similar number remembered seeing a poster about Project:AWARE. Only one women reported that seeing information about Project:AWARE convinced her to get a mammogram. Further testing will have to be done by health care professionals in order to insure that health information campaigns are reaching all segments of society. Large audiences for television programs are no indication that everyone in a community is receiving the message. Additional funds will have to be found in order to insure that messages are placed when and where they will be seen by low income and/or minority women of all ethnic backgrounds in order to insure that they have the same opportunities for good health care as other segments of society.
4

Drills and Exercises as Interventions to Improve Public Health Emergency Response

Knutson, Donna Beth 01 January 2011 (has links)
The 2001 destruction of the World Trade Center and the subsequent anthrax attacks highlighted the inability of an antiquated public health system in the United States to respond effectively to emergencies. Little documentation exists to define how public health agencies can improve performance. The overarching research question was the extent to which drills and exercises improve performance in public health emergencies. Adult learning theory and deliberate practice theory were explored in this context. The research data were from 50 state public health departments, which were required to report performance information to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data were examined using Poisson analysis and logistic regression. Results indicated that drills and exercises had no statistically significant impact on public health performance for the 3 performance measures examined; of all predictors, what explained the most variance in reaching performance targets was the number of real emergencies to which a health department had responded in the past. Performing drills and exercises did not predict the likelihood of reaching performance targets. These findings have implications for positive social change for Congressional leaders and other government representatives. Such public servants could use this information to guide their efforts to redirect public health emergency preparedness funds away from drills and exercises and toward other fundamental public health activities. These more focused efforts could facilitate the improvement of public health laboratory capacity, the training of field epidemiologists, and the advancements in technology for enhanced reporting and surveillance.
5

Efeitos do(s) letramento(s) na constituição social do sujeito: considerações fonoaudiológicas / Effects of literacy (ies) to the social constitution of the subject: speech therapy considerations

Ribeiro, Natally 21 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natally Ribeiro.pdf: 6316532 bytes, checksum: 409d0123db9fb1cc9e8b3aa3ce1338d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: This paper reflects on speech therapy, reading and writing, from relationships between literacy processes, social practices and discursive circulation of children in the process of sociocultural formation. Recent studies have defined literacy as a set of social practices that use writing (as a symbolic and technological system) in given contexts and for specific socio-relational goals. Other studies, in the same direction, see literacy as a set of social practices, culturally constituted and socially situated, highlighting that new literacy studies postulate the written language as a phenomenon that should be observed from a social and ethnographic perspective, since it is from these dimensions that types of literacy can be analyzed. Objective: To characterize and analyze, from the standpoint of speech, literacy, modes of movement and use of adequate writing by 69 students from two third-stage classes of an elementary public school located in the city of São Paulo. Method: We developed and applied a protocol that comprises different writing types in order to verify the recognition skills, familiarity and usage of literacy / language of 69 schoolchildren. The age of students ranged from 5 years and 1 month to 6 years and 1 month (58% male and 42% female). Data analysis was performed by mapping the students' literacy rates based on the levels and types of literacy included in specialized literature. Results and Discussion: Based on the notion of literacy and how it was used in the speech pathologist work undertaken, we see the relevance and usefulness of studies on the use, familiarity and notion of writing styles for school, as they give access to the various logics with which children operate, think and act in practices that involve writing skills. Among the presented writing styles, we find, for this age group, a significant recognition skill: letter; journalistic narratives for children; traffic signs, cartoons; and recipes, which are viewed and / or used by themselves and / or relatives at home, on the way to school and on other social spaces. Conclusion: the presence of literacy practices among those surveyed is remarkable, a fact that suggests the relevance of considering the processes of literacy in both the pedagogical strategies of early childhood education, and in speech therapy with students who have difficulties and / or disturbances in the acquisition of writing. Considering this, speech therapy may benefit (in their clinical work and advice to educational institutions) of reading and writing on the condition indicators of the forms of social interaction, guided by specific social practices, which - apart from learning the conventions - places the ownership and uses of writing in terms of the constitution of subjects and social realities / Introdução: O presente trabalho reflete sobre o trabalho fonoaudiológico com a leitura e a escrita, a partir de relações entre processos de letramento, práticas sociais e circulação discursiva de crianças em processo de constituição sociocultural. Estudos recentes definem o letramento como um conjunto de práticas sociais que usam a escrita (na condição de sistema simbólico e de tecnologia) em contextos e para objetivos sócio-relacionais específicos. Outros estudos, nessa mesma direção, consideram o letramento como um conjunto de práticas sociais culturalmente constituídas e socialmente situadas, destacando que os novos estudos do letramento postulam a linguagem escrita como fenômeno que deve ser observado a partir de uma óptica social e etnográfica, uma vez que é a partir dessas dimensões que se pode pensar nas formas de letramento. Objetivo: Caracterizar e analisar, do ponto de vista fonoaudiológico, o(s) letramento(s), os modos de circulação e uso de gêneros discursivos escritos por 69 escolares de duas classes de terceiro estágio de uma escola municipal de ensino infantil da cidade de São Paulo. Método: Foi construído e aplicado protocolo composto por diversos gêneros discursivos escritos, para se verificar o grau de reconhecimento, de familiaridade e de uso dos mesmos pelos 69 escolares pesquisados. A faixa etária dos escolares é de 5 anos e 1 mês e 6 anos e 1 mês (58% do sexo masculino e 42%, feminino). A análise dos dados se deu a partir do mapeamento dos índices de letramento dos escolares, em função dos níveis e tipos de letramento consignados na literatura especializada sobre o tema. Resultados e Discussão: A partir da noção de letramento e do modo como foi utilizada no trabalho Fonoaudiológico aqui empreendido, constata-se a pertinência e a utilidade de estudos sobre o uso, a familiaridade e os sentidos dos gêneros discursivos escritos para escolares, na medida em que dão acesso à variadas lógicas com as quais as crianças operam, no pensamento e na ação, em práticas que envolvem a presença da escrita. Entre os gêneros discursivos escritos apresentados, encontramos, para essa faixa etária, um reconhecimento significativo para os gêneros: carta; jornalístico; narrativas infantis; placas de trânsito; quadrinhos e receitas, sendo estes visualizados e/ou utilizados por e/ou com familiares em casa, no trajeto à escola e em outros espaços sociais. Conclusão: É notável a presença de práticas letradas entre os pesquisados, o que sugere a relevância em se considerar os processos de letramento, tanto nas estratégias pedagógicas da educação infantil, quanto no trabalho fonoaudiológico com escolares que apresentem dificuldades e/ou distúrbios na aquisição da escrita. Nesse sentido, a Fonoaudiologia pode tirar proveito (em seu trabalho clínico e de assessoria à instituições educacionais) da leitura e da escrita na condição de indicadores das formas de interação social, pautados por práticas sociais específicas, o que para além da aprendizagem das convenções situa a apropriação e os usos da escrita no plano da constituição dos sujeitos e das realidades sociais
6

Where there is no evidence, and where evidence is not enough : an analysis of policy-making to reduce the prevalence of Australian indigenous smoking

Vujcich, Daniel Ljubomir January 2014 (has links)
<b>Background</b>: Evidence-based policy making (EBPM) has become an article of faith. While critiques have begun to emerge, they are predominately based on theory or opinion. This thesis uses the 2008 case study of tobacco control policy making for Indigenous Australians to analyse empirically the concept of EBPM. <b>Research questions</b>: (1) How, if at all, did the Government use evidence in Indigenous tobacco control policy making? (2) What were the facilitators of and barriers to the use of evidence? (3) Does the case study augment or challenge the apparent inviolability of EBPM? <b>Methods</b>: Data were collected through: (1) a review of primary documents largely obtained under the Freedom of Information Act 1982; and (2) interviews with senior politicians, senior bureaucrats, government advisors, Indigenous health advocates and academics. <b>Results</b>: Historically, Indigenous smoking was not problematised because Indigenous people faced other urgent health/social problems and smoking was considered a coping mechanism. High prevalence data acquired salience in 2007/08 in the context of a campaign to reduce disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous health outcomes. Ensuing policy proposals were based on recommendations from literature reviews, but evidence contained in those reviews was weak; notwithstanding this, the proposals were adopted. Historical experiences led policy makers to give special weight to proposals supported by Indigenous stakeholders. Moreover, the perceived urgency of the problem was cited to justify a trial-and-evaluate approach. <b>Conclusion</b>: While the policies were not based on quality evidence, their formulation/adoption was neither irrational nor reckless. Rather, the process was a justifiable response to a pressing problem affecting a population for which barriers existed to data collection, and historical experiences meant that evidence was not the only determinant of policy success. The thesis proposes a more nuanced appraoch to conceptualising EBPM wherein evidence is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for policy. The approach recognises that rigorous evidence is always desirable but that, where circumstances affect the ability of such research being conducted, consideration must be given to acting on the basis of other knowledge (e.g. expert opinion, small-scale studies). Such an approach is justifiable where: (1) inaction is likely to lead to new/continued harm; and (2) there is little/no prospect of the intervention causing additional harm. Under this approach, non-evidentiary considerations (e.g. community acceptability) must be taken into account.
7

A política nacional de saúde bucal em municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo, na primeira década do século XXI / The National Policy of Oral Health in municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, in the first decade of the 21st Century

Martino, Luiz Vicente Souza 18 October 2011 (has links)
Na transição do regime autoritário para o Estado democrático de direito, consagrado na Constituição de 1988, o federalismo brasileiro passou a descentralizar as políticas públicas, atribuindo aos Estados, aos Municípios e ao Distrito Federal a sua co-gestão. No campo da saúde, uma característica inovadora nesse período foi a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e o desenvolvimento de processos participativos de gestão e controle das políticas. Este trabalho analisa o caso da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB) que, aprovada pelos conselhos nacionais de saúde, de secretarias estaduais e municipais de saúde, passou a integrar o Plano Nacional de Saúde (2004). O estudo aborda a implementação de Programas de Saúde Bucal, autonomia decisória municipal frente à PNSB, os mecanismos de coordenação da PNSB e suas características de alocação de recursos nos 39 municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Foram utilizados dados secundários, disponíveis em bancos de dados de acesso público, no período de 2006 a 2009, concentrando-se a análise no indicador Primeira Consulta Odontológica Programática (PCOP) no SUS, empregado para avaliar o acesso à assistência odontológica. As características do acesso bem como a adesão à PNSB foram analisadas buscando-se verificar possíveis associações com o porte do orçamento municipal, aferido pelas receitas disponíveis, PIB per capita, despesa total com saúde e filiação partidária do prefeito. Constatou-se que em 21 municípios houve tendência de diminuição nos valores do PCOP. Em 18 municípios houve tendência de alta no PCOP. Em 11 municípios a média do PCOP registrou valores acima do registrado para o estado de São Paulo (10,43 por cento ) de 2006 a 2009. Em relação à implementação das Políticas de Saúde Bucal, constatou-se ausência de correlação entre o acesso aos serviços de Saúde Bucal e PIB per capita, Receita Disponível per capita e Despesa Total com Saúde. Quanto à adesão à PNSB, 10 cidades não o fizeram. Não houve correlação entre adesão à PNSB e riqueza municipal e capacidade de gasto dos municípios. A adesão à PNSB ocorreu na totalidade dos municípios (sete) em que o prefeito era filiado ao Partido dos Trabalhadores, o mesmo do Presidente da República, em 2004. Além do fato de os municípios terem suas prioridades para as políticas públicas, deve-se considerar que, previamente ao surgimento da PNSB, tinham suas próprias definições para intervenção nessa área. Em tais situações, implementar a PNSB implica reorientações que podem colidir com suas possibilidades e suas agendas. O fato de a PNSB ser financiada com base em incentivos financeiros específicos para essa modalidade assistencial, transferidos da União, e também dos Estados, para os Municípios poderia exercer influência como indutor da adesão à PNSB, porém o cálculo dos governos municipais não levou só esta variável em consideração. Além disso, mesmo quando não há colisão de diretrizes e os incentivos federais não geram dilemas quanto ao que fazer, reorientações em práticas sociais requerem tempo e recursos até que seus efeitos sejam sentidos. Neste estudo constatou-se que na RMSP, sob os critérios adotados, a PNSB encontrou constrangimentos expressivos para se implantar e consolidar, com os incentivos federais não sendo suficientes para alterar a situação vigente na região / In the transition from authoritarian rule to the democratic State of law, as enshrined in the Constitution of 1988, the Brazilian federalism began to decentralize the public policies, attributing to the States, municipalities and the Federal District its comanagement. In the field of health, an innovative feature in this period was the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the development of participatory processes for the management and control of the policies. This paper analyzes the case of a National Policy of Oral Health (PNSB) that was approved by national councils of health, state and municipal health secretariats, was included in the National Plan for Health (2004). The study deals with the implementation of programs for Oral Health, decision-making autonomy municipal front of PNSB, the mechanisms for the coordination of PNSB and their characteristics to the allocation of resources in the 39 municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. We used secondary data, available in data banks of public access, in the period from 2006 to 2009, concentrating the analysis in the indicator \"First Dental Assessment Program\" (PCOP) on the SUS, used to evaluate access to dental care. The characteristics of the access as well as the membership of the PNSB were analyzed in an attempt to verify possible associations with the size of the municipal budget, as measured by the revenue available, per capita GDP, total expenditure on health and party affiliation of the prefect. They found that in 21 cities there was a tendency of decrease in the values of the PCOP. In 18 municipalities there was a tendency for high in PCOP. In 11 municipalities to average the PCOP recorded values above that recorded for the state of São Paulo (10.43 per cent ) from 2006 to 2009. With respect to the implementation of the Policies of Oral Health, it was found absence of correlation between access to the services of Oral Health and GDP per capita, Recipe Available per capita and Total Expenditure on Health. As to the membership of the PNSB, 10 cities did not. There was no correlation between membership of the PNSB and wealth municipal and capacity of expense of municipalities. The membership of the PNSB occurred in all of the municipalities (seven) in which the mayor was affiliated to the Workers\' Party, the same as that of President of the Republic, in 2004. In addition to the fact that the municipalities have their priorities for public policies, it must be considered that, before the onset of PNSB, had their own definitions for intervention in this area. In such situations, to implement the PNSB implies reorganizations that may conflict with their possibilities and their agendas. The fact of the PNSB be funded on the basis of specific financial incentives for this modality assistencial, transferred from the Union, and also the States, to the Municipalities could have an influence as inducer of membership of the PNSB, however the calculation of municipal governments did not take only this variable into account. In addition, even when there is a collision of guidelines and the federal incentives do not generate dilemmas regarding what to do, shifts in social practices require time and resources to which its effects are felt. In this study it was found that, in the Metropolitan Region, the PNSB found constraints expressive to deploy and consolidate, with the federal incentives are not sufficient to change the situation prevailing in the region
8

O Psicólogo nas políticas públicas de saúde mental, no Município de Santos-SP / Psychologist Public Policy in Mental Health in Santos-SP

Carvalho, Priscila Larangeira 31 July 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2015-04-22T14:51:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Larangeira Carvalho.pdf: 5761393 bytes, checksum: 8fed8a6dfcc8e65d04b881eed0e53508 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T14:51:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscila Larangeira Carvalho.pdf: 5761393 bytes, checksum: 8fed8a6dfcc8e65d04b881eed0e53508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation discusses a research on the current role played by Psychologist in public health policies, particularly in the case of Substitute Network of Mental Health, Emerging closing (intervention) Hospital (Psychiatric) Nursing Home Anchieta. As a goal, try to understand where the "locus" in which professional psychology was inserted through the activities offered in Public Policy Health System (SUS), the city of Santos. Characterized as qualitative, exploratory development features, and the methodology used in the survey included: bibliographic (about SUS implementation in Santos, with an emphasis on mental health); consultation documents and files (the Municipal Health Santos, publicly available), information gathering (together with mental health professionals - through stories about his professional experience and operation services - during the period studied), and interviews (semi structured interviews with criteria: employment - public servant; academic - psychologist, and the service time - more than three years). Consisted of field research involving 12 subjects, divided into: 10 interviews and 02 reports, composing the content to be judged against the objectives. The analysis of the data collected in the interviews was carried out from the exhaustion of content and meaning of their narratives; thematic diversity of these narratives were structured three main data analysis, in obedience to the general objective and specific research: Attention Model - NAPS versus Anchieta; Blurred Role of the Psychologist in the interior of this model, and the Absence of Prevention in Mental Health. We conclude by proposing an alert to the class, aiming to offer support for reflection on new political contexts and health, in the field of Mental Health, which may go beyond the call of emergencies. / A presente dissertação aborda uma investigação sobre o atual papel ocupado pelo Psicólogo nas políticas públicas de saúde, em particular no caso da Rede Substitutiva de Saúde Mental, emergente do fechamento (intervenção) do Hospital (Psiquiátrico) Casa de Saúde Anchieta. Como objetivo, busca-se compreender qual o "locus" no qual o profissional de Psicologia foi inserido, mediante as atividades ofertadas nas Políticas Públicas de Saúde (SUS), no município de Santos. Caracterizada como qualitativa, seu desenvolvimento possui cunho exploratório, sendo que a metodologia utilizada pela pesquisa contou com: levantamento bibliográfico (sobre implantação do SUS em Santos, com ênfase na área da saúde mental); consulta de documentos e arquivos (da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Santos, disponíveis publicamente); coleta de informações (junto a profissionais da saúde mental - por meio de relatos a respeito de sua experiência profissional e do funcionamento de serviços - no decorrer no período estudado); e entrevistas (semi estruturadas, tendo como critério: vínculo empregatício ¿ servidor público; formação acadêmica ¿ psicólogo; e o tempo de serviço ¿ superior a três anos). Constou do campo de investigação a participação de 12 sujeitos, subdivididos em: 10 entrevistas e 02 relatos, que compôs o conteúdo a ser analisado à luz dos objetivos propostos. A análise dos dados coletados nas entrevistas foi realizada a partir do esgotamento de conteúdo e sentido de suas narrativas; da diversidade temática dessas narrativas foram estruturados três eixos principais de análise dos dados, em obediência ao objetivo geral e aos específicos da pesquisa: Modelo de Atenção - NAPS versus Anchieta; Indefinição do Papel do Psicólogo no interior desse modelo; e a Ausência da Prevenção em Saúde Mental. Conclui-se propondo um alerta à classe, visando ofertar subsídios para a reflexão sobre novos contextos políticos e de saúde, no campo da Saúde Mental, que possam ir além do atendimento das emergências.
9

A política nacional de saúde bucal em municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo, na primeira década do século XXI / The National Policy of Oral Health in municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, in the first decade of the 21st Century

Luiz Vicente Souza Martino 18 October 2011 (has links)
Na transição do regime autoritário para o Estado democrático de direito, consagrado na Constituição de 1988, o federalismo brasileiro passou a descentralizar as políticas públicas, atribuindo aos Estados, aos Municípios e ao Distrito Federal a sua co-gestão. No campo da saúde, uma característica inovadora nesse período foi a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e o desenvolvimento de processos participativos de gestão e controle das políticas. Este trabalho analisa o caso da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB) que, aprovada pelos conselhos nacionais de saúde, de secretarias estaduais e municipais de saúde, passou a integrar o Plano Nacional de Saúde (2004). O estudo aborda a implementação de Programas de Saúde Bucal, autonomia decisória municipal frente à PNSB, os mecanismos de coordenação da PNSB e suas características de alocação de recursos nos 39 municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Foram utilizados dados secundários, disponíveis em bancos de dados de acesso público, no período de 2006 a 2009, concentrando-se a análise no indicador Primeira Consulta Odontológica Programática (PCOP) no SUS, empregado para avaliar o acesso à assistência odontológica. As características do acesso bem como a adesão à PNSB foram analisadas buscando-se verificar possíveis associações com o porte do orçamento municipal, aferido pelas receitas disponíveis, PIB per capita, despesa total com saúde e filiação partidária do prefeito. Constatou-se que em 21 municípios houve tendência de diminuição nos valores do PCOP. Em 18 municípios houve tendência de alta no PCOP. Em 11 municípios a média do PCOP registrou valores acima do registrado para o estado de São Paulo (10,43 por cento ) de 2006 a 2009. Em relação à implementação das Políticas de Saúde Bucal, constatou-se ausência de correlação entre o acesso aos serviços de Saúde Bucal e PIB per capita, Receita Disponível per capita e Despesa Total com Saúde. Quanto à adesão à PNSB, 10 cidades não o fizeram. Não houve correlação entre adesão à PNSB e riqueza municipal e capacidade de gasto dos municípios. A adesão à PNSB ocorreu na totalidade dos municípios (sete) em que o prefeito era filiado ao Partido dos Trabalhadores, o mesmo do Presidente da República, em 2004. Além do fato de os municípios terem suas prioridades para as políticas públicas, deve-se considerar que, previamente ao surgimento da PNSB, tinham suas próprias definições para intervenção nessa área. Em tais situações, implementar a PNSB implica reorientações que podem colidir com suas possibilidades e suas agendas. O fato de a PNSB ser financiada com base em incentivos financeiros específicos para essa modalidade assistencial, transferidos da União, e também dos Estados, para os Municípios poderia exercer influência como indutor da adesão à PNSB, porém o cálculo dos governos municipais não levou só esta variável em consideração. Além disso, mesmo quando não há colisão de diretrizes e os incentivos federais não geram dilemas quanto ao que fazer, reorientações em práticas sociais requerem tempo e recursos até que seus efeitos sejam sentidos. Neste estudo constatou-se que na RMSP, sob os critérios adotados, a PNSB encontrou constrangimentos expressivos para se implantar e consolidar, com os incentivos federais não sendo suficientes para alterar a situação vigente na região / In the transition from authoritarian rule to the democratic State of law, as enshrined in the Constitution of 1988, the Brazilian federalism began to decentralize the public policies, attributing to the States, municipalities and the Federal District its comanagement. In the field of health, an innovative feature in this period was the creation of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the development of participatory processes for the management and control of the policies. This paper analyzes the case of a National Policy of Oral Health (PNSB) that was approved by national councils of health, state and municipal health secretariats, was included in the National Plan for Health (2004). The study deals with the implementation of programs for Oral Health, decision-making autonomy municipal front of PNSB, the mechanisms for the coordination of PNSB and their characteristics to the allocation of resources in the 39 municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. We used secondary data, available in data banks of public access, in the period from 2006 to 2009, concentrating the analysis in the indicator \"First Dental Assessment Program\" (PCOP) on the SUS, used to evaluate access to dental care. The characteristics of the access as well as the membership of the PNSB were analyzed in an attempt to verify possible associations with the size of the municipal budget, as measured by the revenue available, per capita GDP, total expenditure on health and party affiliation of the prefect. They found that in 21 cities there was a tendency of decrease in the values of the PCOP. In 18 municipalities there was a tendency for high in PCOP. In 11 municipalities to average the PCOP recorded values above that recorded for the state of São Paulo (10.43 per cent ) from 2006 to 2009. With respect to the implementation of the Policies of Oral Health, it was found absence of correlation between access to the services of Oral Health and GDP per capita, Recipe Available per capita and Total Expenditure on Health. As to the membership of the PNSB, 10 cities did not. There was no correlation between membership of the PNSB and wealth municipal and capacity of expense of municipalities. The membership of the PNSB occurred in all of the municipalities (seven) in which the mayor was affiliated to the Workers\' Party, the same as that of President of the Republic, in 2004. In addition to the fact that the municipalities have their priorities for public policies, it must be considered that, before the onset of PNSB, had their own definitions for intervention in this area. In such situations, to implement the PNSB implies reorganizations that may conflict with their possibilities and their agendas. The fact of the PNSB be funded on the basis of specific financial incentives for this modality assistencial, transferred from the Union, and also the States, to the Municipalities could have an influence as inducer of membership of the PNSB, however the calculation of municipal governments did not take only this variable into account. In addition, even when there is a collision of guidelines and the federal incentives do not generate dilemmas regarding what to do, shifts in social practices require time and resources to which its effects are felt. In this study it was found that, in the Metropolitan Region, the PNSB found constraints expressive to deploy and consolidate, with the federal incentives are not sufficient to change the situation prevailing in the region
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Vazios urbanos no contexto do ambiente promotor de saúde com foco no planejamento por microbacias hidrográficas para cidades brasileiras : proposta de roteiro de análise e classificação / Urban unoccupied in the promotion of health in environment context with focus on watersheds planning for Brazilian cities : logbook to analysis and classification

Teixeira, Maria da Purificação, 1960- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Carlos Zuffo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T17:04:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_MariadaPurificacao_D.pdf: 11959076 bytes, checksum: 0a34d6e94c0591a179882a28673e53c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: É fato que a maioria das cidades brasileiras, atravessadas em suas áreas urbanas, rurais e até mesmo áreas protegidas, por rios, cresceram de forma desordenada ao longo destes cursos d'água. As razões para esta despreocupação com o patrimônio ambiental são históricas e encontram suas raízes em inúmeras condicionantes. Este trabalho não pretende abarcar tão vasta contextualização. Ocupa-se de identificar que este cenário de não ordenamento do território por um viés mais integral, tem legado ao País um passivo ambiental hídrico, mas também, um grande passivo social, decorrente da apropriação insustentável deste recurso natural. Emerge, então, antigo desafio administrativo e gerencial, prevalente no planejamento municipal brasileiro, relacionado ao binômio da apropriação dos recursos naturais x a qualidade de vida nas cidades. Partindo-se deste entendimento, é defendida a hipótese de que o passivo social deva ser incorporado de forma mais sistemática aos contextos decisórios municipais. E, favorecer que a tomada de decisão por parte das administrações municipais, tenha condições de incorporar medidas mitigadoras mais agressivas, também para esta modalidade de danos. Desta forma, defende-se a promoção da saúde no ambiente urbano como estratégia consensual de modo à melhor viabilizar políticas públicas municipais. O objetivo deste trabalho é relevar a apropriação dos vazios urbanos com foco no ambiente promotor de saúde, no escopo das microbacias hidrográficas. Esta hipótese é entendida como a possibilidade de encaminhar conciliação entre o planejamento estratégico e a participação da sociedade na tomada de decisão. A estruturação metodológica adotada na pesquisa consiste em proposição inovadora que integra a instrumentalização oriunda da pesquisa social à estruturação de problemáticas multicriteriais. Esta estruturação metodológica é apresentada como um potencial alternativa para a incorporação de dados qualitativos e quantitativos, em processos de tomada de decisão, que envolvem, simultaneamente, variáveis ambientais e sociais. O modelo proposto apresenta ferramental metodológico digno de destaque: construção de cenário investigativo; contexto investigativo; referencial teórico e conhecimento técnico da realidade; bases para discussão das linhas gerais de argumentação; bases para discussão das linhas específicas de argumentação; mapeamento cognitivo do contexto investigativo; estruturação de indicadores do ambiente urbano promotor de saúde; estruturação de escala de preferência dos indicadores do ambiente urbano promotor de saúde; bases diagnósticas da sustentabilidade socioambiental do uso e ocupação. Conquistou-se uma plataforma inédita de indicadores do ambiente urbano promotor de saúde no âmbito das cidades brasileiras. A pesquisa apresenta como resultado direto o aplicativo para a classificação de vazios urbanos com foco na promoção da saúde no ambiente urbano. Esta ferramenta permite também: a) classificação dos municípios brasileiros quanto às condições de saúde urbana; e b) qualificação da vulnerabilidade socioambiental de ambientes locais municipais. A pesquisa suscitou o desenvolvimento de plataforma teórica relacionada ao entendimento das microbacias hidrográficas urbanas enquanto unidades de planejamento. E, oferece ainda, contribuições relacionadas à abordagem metodológica para: a) estruturação de problemáticas que envolvam temáticas transversais; b) estruturação de visão de consenso para tratamento multidisciplinar; c) utilização integrada entre instrumental da pesquisa social e estruturação de problemáticas multicriteriais; e, d) inclusão mais efetiva da variável social no contexto decisório / Abstract: It is a fact that most Brazilian cities, traversed in its urban, rural and even protected areas by rivers, grew haphazardly along these waterways. The reasons for this lack of preoccupation with environmental patrimony are historical and are rooted in numerous conditions. The research is not intended to encompass this wide contextualization. The point is to identify this scenario for a more integral view, by considering that to our country, the legacy of water environmental liabilities, and also the great social liabilities, elapses from the unsustainable appropriation of this natural resource. Then, emerges, an old administrative and managerial challenge, prevalent in Brazilian municipal planning, related to the duet: appropriation of natural resources x quality of life in cities. Based on this understanding, is supported the hypothesis that social liabilities should be incorporated more systematically to municipal decision contexts. And encourage that decision-making by municipal administrations, is able to incorporate more aggressive mitigation measures, also for this type of damage. Thus, is advocated the promotion of health in the urban environment as a consensual strategy to better enable municipal public policies. The objective of this work is to reveal the urban unoccupied appropriation with focus on promotion of health in urban environment context, in the watersheds scope. This hypothesis is understood as an ability to reconcile strategic planning and society participation forward decision-making. The methodological structure adopted on the research is an innovative proposition that integrates instrumentation from social research and structuring of multi-criteria problems. This methodological structure is presented as a potential alternative to the incorporation of qualitative and quantitative data in decision-making processes, involving both environmental and social variables. The proposed model presents a prominent methodological tooling: investigative scenario; investigative context, theoretical and technical knowledge of reality; bases for discussion (general lines); bases for discussion (specific lines); cognitive mapping; indicators for promotion of health in urban environment; preference scale indicators for promotion of health in urban environment; occupation diagnostic bases of environmental and social sustainability. We have conquered a new promotion of health indicators platform for urban environment in Brazilian cities. The research presents as a direct result, the application for the classification of urban unoccupied. This tool also allows: a) classification of municipalities regarding the conditions of urban health; and b) qualification of the environmental and social vulnerability of local municipal environments. The research raised the development of theoretical framework related to urban watersheds as planning units. lso, features contributions related to the methodological approach: a) structuring problems involving wide thematic; b) structuring consensus view for multidisciplinary treatment; c) integrated use between instrumental from social research and structuring of multi-criteria problems; and, d) more effective inclusion for social variable in decision context / Doutorado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Doutora em Engenharia Civil

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