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Dynamiques de frontières d’une activité relationnelle.Le cas des maraudes parisiennes auprès des sans-abri. / Dynamic boundaries within relational activities. A case study of mobile outreach programs working alongside the homeless in Paris.Arnal, Caroline 28 June 2016 (has links)
La présence de personnes sans-abri dans l’espace public est un problème social ancien auquel depuis longtemps l’État cherche à remédier. À partir des années 1990, et plus encore après la promulgation, en juillet 1998, de la loi de lutte contre les exclusions, l’action publique s’incarne dans des dispositifs dits de « veille sociale » dont la mise en œuvre est majoritairement confiée, par délégation de service, au monde associatif. Parmi ces dispositifs, les « maraudes » désignent l’action d’équipes mobiles dont la mission est d’aller à la rencontre des sans-abri directement dans la rue. Les maraudes constituent l’objet empirique de cette thèse dont l’objectif est d’étudier cette activité en tenant compte à la fois de la pluralité de ses opérateurs – particulièrement des associations – et de la diversité de ses intervenants salariés et bénévoles, professionnels (notamment du travail social) ou non-professionnels. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée à Paris dans trois associations de solidarité et combinant observation participante et entretiens biographiques, l’enjeu est d’éclairer les tensions inhérentes à cette situation de coprésence d’acteurs collectifs et individuels en analysant conjointement les maraudes comme un monde du travail et comme un espace d’engagement. Par ces entrées analytiques, il s’agit plus généralement de contribuer à la compréhension des dynamiques de frontières dans un secteur – celui de l’urgence sociale – où persistent des ambiguïtés entre travail social et bénévolat, entre action publique et secours privé, entre valorisation de la professionnalité et reconnaissance du dévouement altruiste, et dans lequel les limites entre les missions sont incertaines. Une perspective interactionniste, inspirée à la fois de la sociologie du travail et des professions, permet en premier lieu de soulever le rôle central des pouvoirs publics dans la régulation de l’activité par la diffusion de multiples injonctions – notamment à la « professionnalisation » et à la « coordination des maraudes » – auxquelles les trois organisations enquêtées souscrivent différemment, allant d’un rapport d’alliance à un rapport d’autonomie. L’étude de la division du travail éclaire ensuite la hiérarchie de noblesse des tâches ainsi que leur distribution, qui valorisent les fonctions d’accompagnement social prioritairement attribuée aux « maraudes professionnelles » et déprécie les missions de distribution, notamment alimentaire, qui incombent aux « maraudes bénévoles ». L’observation de stratégies de résistance à cette division – les équipes bénévoles souhaitant également assurer le « suivi » des sans-domicile – révèle dès lors l’existence de luttes de juridiction qui ont pour enjeux le contrôle d’un territoire à la fois spatial et professionnel mais aussi la maîtrise des savoirs essentiellement tacites et acquis par l’expérience. Empruntant à la sociologie de l’engagement, un regard resserré sur les maraudeurs et leurs trajectoires autorise en second lieu le dépassement de cette opposition (professionnel/bénévole). D’abord en montrant l’intrication et l’hybridation des carrières bénévoles et professionnelles, les maraudeurs salariés ayant très souvent eu une pratique de bénévolat préalable et certains bénévoles utilisant la maraude comme une expérience de préprofessionnalisation dans le travail social. Ensuite, en identifiant des continuités dans les façons de voir et d’exercer l’activité qui transcendent les appartenances associatives et les conditions statutaires pour mieux révéler l’influence de modes de socialisation (familial, militant, professionnel). / The presence of homeless people in the public space is an ancient social problem that the State has been attempting to solve for a long time. From the 90’s on - and especially after the enactment, in 1998, of the law fighting against social exclusion - government intervention has been embodied in a package of social measures under the umbrella term of “social watch” (“veille sociale”). Its implementation has been mainly entrusted to not-for-profit associations and charities, through delegation of public service programs. Among these measures, the mobile outreach programs describe the action of mobile teams given the mission to connect and engage with homeless people in the streets. The mobile outreach program constitutes the empirical subject of this thesis. The aim is to study this activity by taking into account the plurality of its actors - especially the not-for-profit associations - and the diversity of its contributors, both employees and volunteers as well as professional and non-professional social workers. Based on an ethnographic study led in Paris involving three different charity organizations, it combines participant observation and biographical interviews. The aim is to bring into view and clarify situations of inherent tension in this copresence of collective and individual actors through an analysis of mobile outreach programs as both places of work and social commitment. This analysis more generally enables an understanding of the dynamic boundaries within the field of social urgency, in which there are many persistant ambiguities. Ambiguities abound between social work and volunteering, public actions and private initiatives, between the prominence given to promote professionalism and the acknowledgment of altruistic dedication. The boundaries among these different missions remain vague and uncertain. An interactionist perspective inspired by the sociology of work and employment enables us to raise the issue of the main role played by the public authorities. They regulate the social outreach activity through multiple injunctions, notably with particular emphasis on professionalization and coordination of the mobile outreach program. The three different organizations that are the subject of enquiry take different approaches to those injunctions, whether in a relation of alliance or autonomy. The analysis of work divisions sheds light on the hierarchical division of labour as well as the question of how tasks are delegated. Social support and follow up missions are prioritised to professional outreach workers while responsibility for the less well considered missions such as food runs and distribution are handed over to the volunteer outreach workers. Observation of the different strategies of resistance towards this division reveal a struggle over jurisdiction – volunteer outreach workers equally want to be a part of the support and follow up missions and highlight what is at stake: the control of territory both physical and professional, as well as the mastery of knowledge which is essentially tacit and acquired through experience. By looking closer at volunteer outreach workers and their trajectories through the lens of sociology, the boundary between professional and volunteer can be seen to be an artificial one. First, by showing the overlap and hybridisation between the trajectories of volunteers and professionals: wage-earning outreach workers have a lot of the time practiced volunteering before, while on the other hand, some volunteers use the outreach programs as a way to enter the professional world of social work. Then by underlining the continuity in the way of seeing and practicing the activity that transcends organizations’ affiliations and status to better reveal the influence of different modes of socialization, be it through family, advocacy or work.
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DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À ALIMENTAÇÃO.Leal, Valtecino Eufrásio 04 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-04 / This study intends to examine the humanitarian situation of violation of the right food.
Its development occurs in five chapters. In Chapter I, I present the theoretical basis for the primary and
secondary research, which was marked by the literature, emphasizing the importance of the human
right of food. In Chapter II, do an analysis of social rights and hunger, demonstrating that the indignity
in a history in question is not something new. In this chapter, seeking specifics about the international
and national legal framework surrounding the issue. In Chapter III dedicate the notions of
development and environment, tying together these issues in food law. In chapter IV, I wonder about
the biofuel and the broader socio-economic policies in the area for feeding. In Chapter V, I try to trace
the idea of interference with the right food, defending the theoretical point of view, the importance of
case law, the need for coherent policies and the participation of civil society in mitigating the
framework of world hunger. / O presente trabalho pretende examinar a situação da violação humanitária ao direito
alimentar. O seu desenvolvimento ocorre em cinco capítulos. No capítulo I, apresento o embasamento
teórico principal e secundário para a pesquisa, que teve como marco o levantamento bibliográfico,
enfatizando a importância do direito humano alimentar. No capítulo II, faço uma análise dos direitos
sociais e da fome, demonstrando em histórico que a indignidade em questão não é assunto recente. Em
tal capítulo, procuro especificidades sobre o quadro normativo internacional e nacional que envolve a
matéria. Dedico o capítulo III a noções de desenvolvimento e meio-ambiente, enfeixando tais temas no
direito alimentar. No capítulo IV, discorro sobre o agrocombustível e as implicações sócio-econômicas
das políticas na área, para a alimentação. No capítulo V, procuro traçar a ideia de violação ao direito
alimentar, defendendo do ponto de vista teórico, a importância da jurisprudência, a necessidade de
políticas públicas coesas e da participação da sociedade civil organizada na atenuação do quadro de
fome mundial.
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Experiências juvenis e ações públicas dirigidas à juventude: artes e trabalho na transmissão geracional. / Juvenile experiences and public actions guided to youth: arts and work in generational transmission.Villar, Maria Elena Villar e 27 September 2007 (has links)
Este estudo tem como foco central experiências vividas por jovens moradores do ABC paulista em interações com ações públicas de natureza artístico-cultural, implementadas por executivos municipais. Em Santo André, o trabalho voltou-se para experiências de jovens que vivenciam atividades formativas na área de teatro, organizadas pela Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística (EMIA), vinculada à Secretaria de Cultura e Esportes. Em São Bernardo do Campo, a investigação incidiu sobre experiências juvenis em processos formativos da oficina de artes circenses, oferecida pelo Programa Juventude Cidadã, sob a responsabilidade da Secretaria de Governo. O trabalho empírico foi dividido em três grupos de atividades: visitas aos equipamentos culturais, nos quais as ações públicas selecionadas se concretizam, visando ao estabelecimento de contatos com gestores, profissionais responsáveis e jovens freqüentadores das ações; observação sistemática das atividades, que permitiu conhecer a rotina empreendida pelos jovens e as relações estabelecidas; aplicação de questionário com questões fechadas, com a finalidade de produzir um perfil dos sujeitos estudados. Por fim, a partir dos diálogos estabelecidos, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 12 jovens: 5 participantes da oficina de teatro e 7 que integram a oficina de artes circenses, o que tornou possível aprofundar o conhecimento dos sujeitos investigados e suas experiências. As distintas etapas do estudo foram iluminadas por contribuições conceituais e teóricas oferecidas por autores, tais como Karl Mannheim, Claudine Attias-Donfut, José Machado Pais (gerações e valores geracionais e intergeracionais); Peter Berger, Thomas Luckmann e Pierre Bourdieu (socialização e reprodução social); François Dubet, E.P. Thompson, Alberto Melucci e Anna Fabbrini (experiência e experiências juvenis). O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de fevereiro/2005 a julho/2006. O estudo traz, como principais resultados, as idéias de que os jovens pesquisados dão peso significativo à cultura do trabalho que lhes foi transmitida por processos de socialização. Uma outra idéia foi a de que nem todos se deixam \"herdar pela herança\" transmitida pelos pais e reforçada pela escolarização, produzindo o que Pierre Bourdieu denominou de \"herdeiros sem história\". Para alguns, a combinação entre legado transmitido pela herança e freqüência às ações públicas municipais de formação artística-cultural significa alongar a vivência da juventude; para outros, a mesma combinatória tem como significado a produção de tensões e conflitos que se orientam para a conquista do trabalho e vivência profissional como algo expressivo, mais vinculadas ao \"ser\" do que ao \"ter\". Assim, não desvalorizam os valores e a cultura do trabalho que herdaram, mas os redimensionam, assumindo que o trabalho e a vida profissional só terão sentido pleno se forem na condição de artistas. Alguns jovens estudados, no momento do curso da vida em que se encontram, vivem experiências e empreendem percursos que os levam, da cultura do trabalho - à herança, para o \"sonho que produz o diverso\": ao trabalho na cultura. / This study has as its main focus the experiences lived by young people living in the ABC paulista in interactions with public actions of an artistic-cultural nature, implemented by city executives. In Santo André the work concentrated on experiences of young people who experience formative activities in the area of theater, organized by the Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística (EMIA - City School of Artistic Initiation), connected to the Secretary of Culture and Sports. In São Bernardo do Campo, the investigation focused on juvenile experiences in formative processes of the circus arts workshop, offered by the Programa Juventude Cidadã (Youth Citizenship Program), under the responsibility of the Government Secretary. The empirical work was divided in three groups of activities: visits to the cultural equipment in which the selected public actions take place, aiming at the establishment of contacts with managers, professionals in charge and young people participating in the actions; systematic observation of the activities, which allowed to get to know the routine carried out by the young people and the relationships established; application of closed questions questionnaires, with the intention of producing a profile of the subjects which were studied. Finally, from the dialogues established, semi-structured interviews were done with 12 young people: 5 participants in the theater workshop and 7 which integrated the circus arts workshop, which made it possible to deepen the knowledge of the subjects under investigation and their experiences. The different steps of the study were enlightened by theoretical and conceptual contributions offered by authors, such as Karl Mannheim, Claudine Attias-Donfut, José Machado Pais (generations and generational and intergenerational values); Peter Berger, Thomas Luckmann e Pierre Bourdieu (socialization and social reproduction); François Dubet, E.P. Thompson, Alberto Melucci e Anna Fabbrini (experience and juvenile experiences). The field work was developed from February/2005 to July/2006. The study brings, as its main results, the ideas that the young people researched give significant weight to the culture of work that was transmitted to them in socialization processes. Another idea was that not all of them let themselves be \"inherited by heritage\" transmitted by their parents and reinforced by schooling, producing that which Pierre Bourdieu has called \"heirs with no history\". For some, the combination of the legacy transmitted by heritage and attendance to the public actions guided to the artistic-cultural formation means to extend the experiencing of the youth, for others, the same combination means the production of tensions and conflicts which are guided to the conquest of work and professional experiencing as something expressive, more connected to \"being\" than to \"owning\". Hence, they do not undervalue the values and the culture of work which they have inherited, but they give them a new dimension, coming to believe that work and professional life will only have full meaning if as artists. Some young people studied, at the moment of life at which they are, live experiences and take paths which take them from the culture of work - the heritage, to the \"dream that produces the diverse\": the work in the culture.
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De encontro ao reencontro: vivências subjacentes ao desaparecimento civilCaires, Vania Brito 30 September 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The look for the disappearance of persons entails turning to various levels of
complexity, it is through exercise guided by the practice that allows us to build coping
mechanisms of a national phenomenon, made socially and historically. In this sense,
this research back reflections of real facts linked to the disappearance of people and
encounter people. Demonstrates its relevance as it enables the understanding of the
disappearance phenomenon and evidence that theme that It involves all Rights
Guarantees department. In the analysis of the cases we discuss the historical and
dialectical dimension of meaning core and its development as a methodological
proposal / O olhar para o desaparecimento de pessoas pressupõe voltar-se a vários níveis de
complexidade. É através do exercício pautado na práxis que possibilita construir
mecanismos de superação de um fenômeno naturalizado, constituído social e
historicamente. Neste sentido, essa pesquisa traz reflexões de fatos reais atrelados
ao desaparecimento e encontro de pessoas. Demonstra sua relevância à medida
que viabiliza a compreensão do fenômeno do desaparecimento e aponta este como
tema que atinge todos os órgãos de garantias dos Direitos Humanos. Na análise dos
casos, como proposta metodológica, discute-se a dimensão histórico-dialética dos
núcleos de significação e seus desdobramentos
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Renaissance" à Montpellier et "refondation" à Pereira : invocations mythiques et conceptions du temps dans des opérations d'urbanisme en France et en Colombie / Rebirt in Montpellier and refoundation in Pereira : mythic invocations and conceptions of time in urbanism operations in France and ColombiaHernandez Pulgarin, Jose Gregorio 16 February 2017 (has links)
Montpellier en France et Pereira en Colombie sont deux villes intermédiaires où se sont réalisées depuis la fin du XXe siècle des opérations d’urbanisme d’une grande envergure. À Montpellier, l’opération de développement urbain Port Marianne, et à Pereira, l’opération de rénovation urbaine Ciudad Victoria, se sont construites dans le but de résoudre certains problèmes en matière d’urbanisme mais aussi avec l’espoir de transformer radicalement l’économie des villes. Dans cette thèse, je propose d’analyser la manière dont ces opérations sont présentées comme légitimes par ceux qui construisent la ville matériellement à partir de représentations, les concepteurs de la ville : les élus, les techniciens à l’urbanisme, les architectes, la presse, etc. Or, je ne m’occupe pas des raisons techniques, économiques ou politiques, mais d’analyser certains dispositifs culturels qui sont mobilisés afin de montrer ces opérations comme nécessaires, voire indispensables. Ces dispositifs culturels abordés sont de deux types. D’un côté, apparaissent les discours de nature mythique, idéologique et identitaire qui sont mobilisés pour montrer que les opérations doivent se réaliser. Ainsi, par exemple, une opération peut être conçue comme la source d’une redéfinition de l’identité des villes qui est en accord avec les attentes idéologiques d’attractivité ou de compétitivité entre elles-mêmes. D’un autre côté, j’analyse les conceptions du temps passé, présent et futur, les temporalités, qui sont présentées discursivement comme des sources de légitimité des opérations. Ainsi, certaines notions temporelles comme celles de tradition, de crise de la ville, de développement, de progrès ou de modernité sont mises en récit par les concepteurs des villes afin de montrer que les opérations doivent se réaliser, car elles sont inscrites dans le sens du temps des villes et répondent aux attentes de développement. La comparaison des fictions opératoires, créées par les discours concernant ces dispositifs de légitimation culturelle et temporelle, est réalisée en recourant à une perspective plutôt anthropologique au niveau des outils d’analyse et en incluant une perspective méthodologique éclectique / Montpellier (France) and Pereira (Colombia) are two intermediate cities where large scale urbanism operations have taken place since the mid-twentieth century. In Montpellier, the urban development operation called Port Marianne, and Pereira the urban renewal operation called Ciudad Victoria, were made with the objective of solving certain urban problems, but also with the hope of radically transforming the economy of both cities. In this research, I propose to analyze the way in which these urban operations are presented as legitimate realizations by those who build the cities both materially and through representatives, that is, the city producers: city administrators, urbanists, architects, the press, etc. However, I do not intend to deal with technical, political or economic reasons that might legitimize these operations. I propose to analyze certain cultural devices that are put to work in order to demonstrate that these operations are necessary, or even more, indispensable. The devices analyzed here are two kinds. On one hand are the mythic, ideological, and identity devices that are put to work in order to demonstrate that the operation must take place. For example, an urban operation might be thought of as a source for the redefinition of the city identity that is consistent with the ideological expectations around interurban competitiveness. On the other hand, I propose to analyze the concepts of past, present and future time, the temporalities that are presented throughout the discourse as sources of legitimacy of urban operations. In this way, certain notions relative to time like those related to tradition, city crises, development, progress, or modernity, are used by the city producers to demonstrate that the operations must be done because they are consistent with the historic and temporal sense of the city and because they respond to the expectations of development. The comparison of the fictions created by the legitimation discourse of a cultural or temporal nature is done by using an analysis perspective that is close to Anthropology in conceptual terms, and an eclectic perspective of methodologies
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Experiências juvenis e ações públicas dirigidas à juventude: artes e trabalho na transmissão geracional. / Juvenile experiences and public actions guided to youth: arts and work in generational transmission.Maria Elena Villar e Villar 27 September 2007 (has links)
Este estudo tem como foco central experiências vividas por jovens moradores do ABC paulista em interações com ações públicas de natureza artístico-cultural, implementadas por executivos municipais. Em Santo André, o trabalho voltou-se para experiências de jovens que vivenciam atividades formativas na área de teatro, organizadas pela Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística (EMIA), vinculada à Secretaria de Cultura e Esportes. Em São Bernardo do Campo, a investigação incidiu sobre experiências juvenis em processos formativos da oficina de artes circenses, oferecida pelo Programa Juventude Cidadã, sob a responsabilidade da Secretaria de Governo. O trabalho empírico foi dividido em três grupos de atividades: visitas aos equipamentos culturais, nos quais as ações públicas selecionadas se concretizam, visando ao estabelecimento de contatos com gestores, profissionais responsáveis e jovens freqüentadores das ações; observação sistemática das atividades, que permitiu conhecer a rotina empreendida pelos jovens e as relações estabelecidas; aplicação de questionário com questões fechadas, com a finalidade de produzir um perfil dos sujeitos estudados. Por fim, a partir dos diálogos estabelecidos, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 12 jovens: 5 participantes da oficina de teatro e 7 que integram a oficina de artes circenses, o que tornou possível aprofundar o conhecimento dos sujeitos investigados e suas experiências. As distintas etapas do estudo foram iluminadas por contribuições conceituais e teóricas oferecidas por autores, tais como Karl Mannheim, Claudine Attias-Donfut, José Machado Pais (gerações e valores geracionais e intergeracionais); Peter Berger, Thomas Luckmann e Pierre Bourdieu (socialização e reprodução social); François Dubet, E.P. Thompson, Alberto Melucci e Anna Fabbrini (experiência e experiências juvenis). O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido entre os meses de fevereiro/2005 a julho/2006. O estudo traz, como principais resultados, as idéias de que os jovens pesquisados dão peso significativo à cultura do trabalho que lhes foi transmitida por processos de socialização. Uma outra idéia foi a de que nem todos se deixam \"herdar pela herança\" transmitida pelos pais e reforçada pela escolarização, produzindo o que Pierre Bourdieu denominou de \"herdeiros sem história\". Para alguns, a combinação entre legado transmitido pela herança e freqüência às ações públicas municipais de formação artística-cultural significa alongar a vivência da juventude; para outros, a mesma combinatória tem como significado a produção de tensões e conflitos que se orientam para a conquista do trabalho e vivência profissional como algo expressivo, mais vinculadas ao \"ser\" do que ao \"ter\". Assim, não desvalorizam os valores e a cultura do trabalho que herdaram, mas os redimensionam, assumindo que o trabalho e a vida profissional só terão sentido pleno se forem na condição de artistas. Alguns jovens estudados, no momento do curso da vida em que se encontram, vivem experiências e empreendem percursos que os levam, da cultura do trabalho - à herança, para o \"sonho que produz o diverso\": ao trabalho na cultura. / This study has as its main focus the experiences lived by young people living in the ABC paulista in interactions with public actions of an artistic-cultural nature, implemented by city executives. In Santo André the work concentrated on experiences of young people who experience formative activities in the area of theater, organized by the Escola Municipal de Iniciação Artística (EMIA - City School of Artistic Initiation), connected to the Secretary of Culture and Sports. In São Bernardo do Campo, the investigation focused on juvenile experiences in formative processes of the circus arts workshop, offered by the Programa Juventude Cidadã (Youth Citizenship Program), under the responsibility of the Government Secretary. The empirical work was divided in three groups of activities: visits to the cultural equipment in which the selected public actions take place, aiming at the establishment of contacts with managers, professionals in charge and young people participating in the actions; systematic observation of the activities, which allowed to get to know the routine carried out by the young people and the relationships established; application of closed questions questionnaires, with the intention of producing a profile of the subjects which were studied. Finally, from the dialogues established, semi-structured interviews were done with 12 young people: 5 participants in the theater workshop and 7 which integrated the circus arts workshop, which made it possible to deepen the knowledge of the subjects under investigation and their experiences. The different steps of the study were enlightened by theoretical and conceptual contributions offered by authors, such as Karl Mannheim, Claudine Attias-Donfut, José Machado Pais (generations and generational and intergenerational values); Peter Berger, Thomas Luckmann e Pierre Bourdieu (socialization and social reproduction); François Dubet, E.P. Thompson, Alberto Melucci e Anna Fabbrini (experience and juvenile experiences). The field work was developed from February/2005 to July/2006. The study brings, as its main results, the ideas that the young people researched give significant weight to the culture of work that was transmitted to them in socialization processes. Another idea was that not all of them let themselves be \"inherited by heritage\" transmitted by their parents and reinforced by schooling, producing that which Pierre Bourdieu has called \"heirs with no history\". For some, the combination of the legacy transmitted by heritage and attendance to the public actions guided to the artistic-cultural formation means to extend the experiencing of the youth, for others, the same combination means the production of tensions and conflicts which are guided to the conquest of work and professional experiencing as something expressive, more connected to \"being\" than to \"owning\". Hence, they do not undervalue the values and the culture of work which they have inherited, but they give them a new dimension, coming to believe that work and professional life will only have full meaning if as artists. Some young people studied, at the moment of life at which they are, live experiences and take paths which take them from the culture of work - the heritage, to the \"dream that produces the diverse\": the work in the culture.
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CSR jako efektivnější nástroj v přístupu (nejen) k životnímu prostředí / CSR as an effective tool in (not only) environmental issuesŠkarda, Jakub January 2010 (has links)
Diploma thesis is aimed on theoretical analyse of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and shows how it works in real life. Results of my study case (Patagonia) illustrate, that if the firms deal with the CSR in appropriate way, it can help to improve economic situation of the firm, it can also find some solutions in environmental crisis and improve social life of communities as well. This voluntary, inexpensive and effective instrument is compared with actions of public sphere in environmental protection. I analysed risks and cost efficiency of Kyoto protocol and biofuels and my results are, that these public actions on supranational level are costly, sometimes even purposeless, ineffective and risky from the point of view of economic school Public Choice.
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O polo gerador de tráfego : a política do automóvel em São Paulo por meio da análise de um instrumento da ação públicaWicher Neto, Hélio January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Silvana Maria Zioni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2016. / Com objetivo de contribuir com as explicações que tratam do estágio das condições de mobilidade urbana de São Paulo, esta pesquisa teve como objeto um instrumento de ação pública da política de mobilidade urbana da Prefeitura de São Paulo: o Polo Gerador de Tráfego (PGT). Os achados permitem argumentar que os mecanismos presentes no instrumento, com filiação na abordagem tradicional da engenharia de transportes, reforçam e incentivam o uso do automóvel como padrão normativo de deslocamento ao promover a construção de vagas de estacionamento e solicitar medidas que visam dar fluidez ao trânsito, indo de encontro aos objetivos declarados do instrumento. Tais mecanismos, contudo, são encontrados em outras searas da política urbana de São Paulo, como nos requisitos mínimos de garagem presentes na legislação urbanística de uso e ocupação do solo, indicando que as ideias e os legados que se estruturam a partir da chegada do automóvel na cidade tiveram repercussões para além das burocracias que cuidam do trânsito (CET) e do transporte (SPTrans). Tais evidências foram, então, abordadas a partir das ideias por trás da ação estatal para acomodar o carro na cidade a transição operada no conceito de mobilidade ¿, revela a dimensão da política de mobilidade voltada para o automóvel. Em seguida, a trajetória da política é refeita a partir dos planos urbanísticos e de transportes que marcaram a história da política de mobilidade de São Paulo, buscando revelar a política do automóvel que subjaz às decisões e não decisões das burocracias e atores políticos à frente do Estado e de seus legados. O PGT é, nesse sentido, devidamente contextualizado no arco de mudanças e permanências da política de mobilidade e seu papel é objeto de reflexão a partir da análise das normas que o regulamentam, seus mecanismos de funcionamento e sua aplicação. / In order to contribute to the explanations that deal with the stage of urban mobility conditions of São Paulo, the research came from an analysis of a public action instrument of São Paulo municipality urban mobility policy - the Polo Traffic Generator (PGT). The findings can argue that the mechanisms present in the instrument, with membership in the traditional approach to transportation engineering, reinforce and encourage the use of the automobile as a normative standard to offset once it promotes the construction of parking spaces and require measures to improve transit fluidity, opposing to the declared objectives of the instrument. Such mechanisms, however, are found in other fields of urban policy in São Paulo, as the
minimum requirements garage present in the urban legislation of land use and occupation, which indicates that the ideas and legacy structured from the car arrival in the city had repercussions beyond the bureaucracies that take care of the traffic (CET) and transport (SPTrans). Such evidence, then, were approached from the ideas behind the state action to fit the car in the city - the transition in mobility concept reveals the dimension of the mobility
policy for the automobile. Then the trajectory of the policy is resumed from urban plans and transportation that have marked the history of mobility policy in São Paulo, seeking to reveal the auto policy that underlies the decisions and non-decisions of bureaucracies and political actors ahead of State and his legacy. The PGT is then properly contextualized in the arc of change and continuities of mobility policy and its role is the object of reflection from a careful analysis of the rules that regulate, its operating mechanisms and the instrument application.
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