Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Anthropology, August 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The arrival of the Spaniards to the Colca Valley not only had repercussions in the public sphere but also the native populations were deeply influenced. Notwithstanding the records of these populations in the form of visitas (censuses) and other documentation, the nature of those changes brought about by the application of political-religious discourse on their material culture is unknown. This article aims to further the knowledge of this context of change, through defining the characteristics of the late prehispanic villages of the upper Colca valley and the architectural analysis of Malata, an early Christian doctrina, to understand the transformation of the domestic space based on changes in the public space over the time. / La llegada de los espanoles al valle del Colca no solo repercutio en la esfera de lo publico, sino que ademas las poblaciones nativas se vieron ciertamente influenciadas por ello. Si bien existen registros de estas poblaciones en la manera de visitas y otro tipo de documentacion, no se conoce la naturaleza de aquellos cambios que trajo consigo la aplicacion del discurso politico-religioso desde el estudio de su cultura material. Tomando como base algunos casos de organizacion domestica, se delinean las caracteristicas de los poblados del valle alto del Colca, lo que se traduce en el analisis del diseno de su trazo, a partir del estudio sistematico de una doctrina cristiana temprana: Malata. De esta manera, se explora la transformacion de elementos propios del espacio domestico, asi como su organizacion, a partir de cambios en el espacio publico, lo que nos brinda nuevas luces sobre aquellas poblaciones nativas y su transformacion previa al establecimiento de las reducciones toledanas.

New research in lowland South America is beginning to reveal a diversity of complex and unique cultural trajectories in a region that was long-considered marginal with respect to Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations. This paper summarizes new archaeological, paleoecological, and archaebotanical data from the Los Ajos site, southeastern Uruguay, showing that a changing and increasingly drier mid-Holocene climate was associated with significant cultural transformations, including early village formation, the adoption of a mixed economy, and the construction of the earliest public architecture known for the area. Collectively, this evidence indicates an early and unexpected development of social complexity that had not heretofore been recorded in this area of South America. Human-environment interactions, social processes related to the development of early village life, and the role of early public architecture are discussed with reference to the emergence of early Formative communities in the region. / Nuevas investigaciones en las tierras bajas de Sudamérica están comenzando a revelar una diversidad de trayectorias culturales complejas y únicas en una parte de Sudamérica que ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como un área marginal en comparación con las civilizaciones que se desarrollaron en los Andes centrales y Mesoamérica. Este artículo resume nuevos datos arqueológicos, arqueobotánicos y paleoecológicos del sitio Los Ajos, en el sureste de Uruguay. Dichos estudios revelaron que el Holoceno Medio, que se caracterizó por un clima cambiante que se tornó cada vez más seco, está asociado a transformaciones culturales significativas, incluyendo el proceso de formación de aldeas, la adopción de una economía mixta y la construcción de la arquitectura pública más temprana conocida en la región. Estos recientes trabajos evidencian un desarrollo de la complejidad social temprana e inesperada que no había sido registrada en esta parte del continente. El presente artículo discute las interacciones del hombre con el medioambiente, los procesos sociales relacionados con el desarrollo de la vida aldeana incipiente y el papel que tuvo la arquitectura pública en relación con el surgimiento de las sociedades del Formativo Temprano en la región.

We live in an age defined by the automobile and its infrastructure. This paradigm of movement has shaped how we live our lives, and the urban frameworks we inhabit. Cars as a form of transportation damage the environment and engender unsustainable lifestyles. They also create anti-social spaces with the infrastructure they require, and therefore their success is inverse to that of the pedestrian experience. I seek to adapt this transit paradigm with a more flexible and resilient multimodal system. My work focuses on reinvigorating a rail line in central Massachusetts and designing a modular station system that can serve as a new kind of civic architecture. The station grows and shrinks between towns of different sizes, and over time. It slots into existing communities with little disruption, and is programmatically fluid and diverse, such that an array of stakeholders become invested in its success. It also presents as a new type of civic architecture; a building that represents a larger system, while also maintaining its place in local communities.

Ce mémoire consiste en la création d’un atlas numérique de l’architecture publique en France dans la première moitié du XIXème siècle. Le Conseil des bâtiments civils, institution publique chargée de l’architecture publique après la révolution, avait pour tâche de bâtir la République. Ainsi, le projet architectural est chargé d’une fonction symbolique, l’inscription du pouvoir dans l’espace, ainsi que d’une fonction de contrôle de l’espace public. La rationalisation et la codification de la pratique architecturale, ainsi qu’une pensée structurée par le développement de la cartographie et de la statistique, émergent afin de bâtir un territoire à l’image de ce nouvel Etat-nation. Issue du dépouillement analytique des procès-verbaux des séances du Conseil entre 1795 et 1840, la base de données CONBAVIL présente l’opportunité de traiter l’OEuvre du Conseil à travers une approche spatiale et quantitative alliant territoire, savoir et pouvoir. Suite à une analyse critique critique de son contenu, l’éditorialisation de CONBAVIL prend la forme d’une application web. Il s’agit d’un outil de recherche cartographiant et visualisant les données avec la librairie de code D3.js. L’exploitation de multiples formes de représentation, dont l’interactivité décuple le potentiel analytique, permet de faire émerger de nouvelles connaissances sur les pratiques et les politiques architecturales de cette institution. La dimension numérique de l’atlas habilite une exploration visuelle, pluridimensionnelle et hyperliée des données CONBAVIL, jusqu’à présent accessibles uniquement à travers des fiches statiques et via un formulaire. Ainsi, il s’agit d’explorer le potentiel de l’éditorialisation d’une base de données en un atlas numérique pour la production d’une épistémologie visuelle en histoire de l’art. / This master's thesis entails in the creation of a digital atlas of public architecture in France during the first half of the XIXth century. The Council of Civil Buildings, the public institution in charge of civil architecture after the revolution, had as aim to build the Republic. Thus, their architectural project takes on a symbolic function, the inscription of power into space, as well as the function to control the public space. A rationalisation and codification of the architectural practice, as well a mindset structured by the advancements in cartography and statistics, form in order to build a territory mirroring the new nation-state. Derived from the analysis of the Coucil’s sessions’ reports between 1795 and 1840, the CONBAVIL database presents the opportunity to study Council’s work through a spatial and quantitative approach uniting territory, knowledge, and power. After a critical analysis of its contents, the editorialisation of CONBAVIL takes the shape of as a web application. This research tool maps and visualizes this data using the D3.js code library. The multiple forms of representation, whose interactivity multiply their analytical potential, aim to reveal a new understanding of the political and architectural doings of the Council of Civil Buildings. The digital dimension of the atlas will allow a visual, multidimensional and hyperlinked explora-tion of the CONBAVIL data, until now only accessible through a form and as static records. Thus this research explores the potential of editorialising a database into a digital atlas for a visual epistemology in art history.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Ce mémoire est une exploration du thème de l'utilisation de l'argile en architecture domestique et publique en Grèce Antique. À travers un inventaire de sites archéologiques, nous examinerons les différents vestiges présents qui démontrent l'utilisation de l'argile dans l'architecture, par exemple dans la production de briques d'argiles crues et dans les élévations en terre compactée. Ces vestiges sont très peu représentés archéologiquement et nous explorerons les raisons et questionnements amenés par cette faible présence. / This thesis is an exploration about the use of earth, more precisely clay, in domestic and public architecture in ancient Greece. In a first time, we will review some publications about clay and the different uses that was made of it during Antiquity. Then, we will present some archaeological sites that show remains in clay, more precisely wall architecture of mud-brick, and adobe. This kind of remains is really rare in Greek archaeology, and through this thesis we will see why, try to solve some questions about it, and finally, talk about the future and conservation of these remains.

As manifestações da arquitetura neocolonial em várias cidades do interior paulista, no período de 1920 a 1950, é o tema central desta tese. Realiza pesquisas e reflexões acerca da ascendência do movimento neocolonial, tomando Ricardo Severo como intelectual que recebeu grande influência do ambiente cultural português. Explora a ocorrência dessa arquitetura na esfera institucional e particular, em obras oficiais, institucionais, religiosas, assistenciais, educativas, recreativas, residenciais e comerciais. Verifica que a difusão se deu, em grande medida, pela atuação de profissionais que estavam em contato com os debates que se desenrolavam na capital paulista e pela implantação de obras emblemáticas em cidades do interior do estado. Verifica também que parte significativa da produção de baixo padrão - ou simplificada - da arquitetura que pretendia expressar a tendência neocolonial foi de responsabilidade de profissionais diplomados. Utiliza o método de levantamento de processos de aprovação de obras, arquivados em prefeituras municipais, levantamento de dados em museus e outras instituições e levantamentos fotográficos para registrar e analisar a produção de interesse. Representa uma contribuição para o conhecimento da arquitetura neocolonial fora da capital paulista. / This thesis investigates expressions of the neo-colonial architecture, in several cities within the State of São Paulo during the period of 1920 to 1950. The research takes into account the intellectual influence of Ricardo Severo in the rise of neo-colonial movement, nevertheless inspired by the portuguese cultural atmosphere. The diffusion of this architectural style is explored through private exemplars, such as homes, offices and shops along with institutional materializations; public and religious buildings, schools, social welfare bureaus and recreational facilities. The research reveals a link between the hinterland spread of this architecture, empowered by a symbolic drive, and the effort of professionals that were in contact with the intellectual debates taking place at the State capital. By analysing the construction licenses approved by Municipal Halls, we have verified that a significant part of the simplified and low standard production was made under certified professionals\' responsibility. In addition, we have expanded the investigation by data collected in museums and other institutions plus photographic surveys to record and analyse this architectonic production. This thesis represents a contribution to the comprehension of the neocolonial architecture outside the city of São Paulo.