This thesis deals with the municipal infrastructure and its connected externalities in municipalities Lásenice, Lodhéřov and Stráž nad Nežárkou. Infrastructure in municipalities is a factor of their development. Municipalities are therefore generally trying to improve infrastructure and to internalize the externalities, which are connected with the infrastructure. It is because it leads to the development of municipality.

Cette étude examine si les sites historiques pourraient être considérés comme des biens publics ou non. Il étudie aussi les caractéristiques d'un site d’être considéré comme un bien public mondial. Considérant les sites historiques comme biens publics exige différent type de planification et gestion car ces sites sont généralement gérés par les gouvernements et les gouvernements engagent des coûts élevés pour leur restauration et leur entretien. Par conséquent, il serait important d'évaluer la valeur des différents sites de prioriser la restauration de ces sites. Donc, dans cette recherche différents types de valeurs générées par des sites historiques a été étudié et la méthode la plus appropriée pour évaluer la valeur totale des sites a été proposé. Ensuite, une étude empirique a été réalisée en constituant des données originales pour l'évaluation de la valeur du site du mausolée de Ferdowsi en Iran et la valeur totale du site ainsi que ses sous valeurs a été évaluée. / This study considers whether historic sites could be considered as public goods or not. It also studies the characteristics of a site to be considered as a global public good. Considering historic sites as public goods demands different kind of planning and management as these sites are usually are managed by Governments and Governments incur high cost for their restoration and maintenance. Therefore, it would be important to assess the value of the different sites to prioritize restoration of these sites. To this mean, in this research different kind of values generated from historic sites has been considered and the most proper method in order to assess the total value of the sites has been proposed. Then an empirical study has been carried out by constituting original data for the value assessment of the Ferdowsi mausoleum site in Iran and the total value of the siteas well as its sub values has been assessed.

¿Bajo qué circunstancias aparece la acción colectiva? ¿Cuáles son los factores que le dan mayoresposibilidades de éxito? ¿En qué medida las comunidades pobres tienen capacidad para organizarsecon el objetivo de mejorar sus condiciones de vida? Estas preguntas no son nuevas y se hanhecho muchas investigaciones, pero usualmente para el mundo rural. La investigación sobre laacción colectiva en el mundo urbano parece estar más desarrollada en la ciencia política que en laeconomía. La pregunta fundamental se mantiene: ¿cómo se producen y se mantienen los bienespúblicos en comunidades urbanas pobres?Este artículo presenta un conjunto de hipótesis sobre los determinantes de la acción colectiva. La accióncolectiva en barrios urbanos pobres enfrentan tres restricciones básicas: el problema olsoniano,el problema de Maslow y el problema de la exclusión. La parte empírica del artículo utiliza datosrecolectados en barrios marginales de Lima, Perú, en seis tipos de organizaciones comunales. -- Under what circumstances does collective action arise? What contributes to the likelihood that aparticular collective initiative will succeed? To what extent are poor communities capable of organizingthemselves to improve their quality of life? These questions are not new, and economic researchershave studied a number of models in rural settings. Yet the research on collective action in urban areasseems to be more in the political sciences, and an economic model is still lacking. The fundamentalquestion remains: How are public goods produced and maintained by poor urban communities?This paper presents a set of hypotheses on collective action determinants. Collective action in poorneighborhoods faces three key barriers to success: the Olsonian free-rider problem, the Maslowianproblem, and the exclusion problem. The empirical portion of this paper uses data collected inpoor urban and peri-urban areas of Lima, Peru, in six types of community organizations.

O objetivo central desta pesquisa é contextualizar e debater a emergência de um novo mecanismo de governança das relações transnacionais: as regulações privadas. Por meio de uma ampla revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho se propõe, a princípio, a definir as principais abordagens teóricas e conceituais desenvolvidas pela literatura sobre o fenômeno, facilitando, assim a definição do objeto desta pesquisa. Posteriormente, serão apresentadas as principais respostas da literatura a questões relacionadas aos três principais momentos da consolidação de tais mecanismos: sua emergência, adesão por atores privados e resultados. Conforme verificado, nos três casos as duas grandes linhas explicativas apresentadas pela literatura relacionam-se (1) a abordagens baseadas em incentivos de mercado e (2) a abordagens político-culturais voltadas à análise do campo social em que as empresas atuam. Pretende-se assim, contextualizar, fornecer um amplo panorama teórico e determinar as principais variáveis explicativas para a análise da hipótese central deste trabalho de que mecanismos de regulação privada podem ser efetivos fornecedores de bens públicos. Tais variáveis serão, posteriormente, testadas pela parte empírica desta pesquisa. / The main objective of this research is to contextualize and debate the emergence of a new governance mechanism in the transnational relations: private regulations. Through a broad bibliographic review, this work intends, first, to define the most important theoretical and conceptual approaches developed by the literature, facilitating thus the the definition of the specificities of the research\'s object. Second, the main answers to questions regarding the three most crucial moments of private regulations mechanisms consolidation (emergency, adoption by private actors and results) will be presented. As observed in all three cases the two main explanatory approaches presented by the literature relate to (1) approaches based on market incentives, and (2) political-cultural approaches aimed at the analisis of the social field in which firms operate. Hence, the aim is to contextualize, provide a broad theoretical background and determine the main explanatory variables for the analysis of the central hypotheses of this study that both values and market incentives are crucial in the process of adopting private regulatory mechanisms and that such mechanisms can be effective providers of public goods. These hypotheses will then be tested by the empirical part of this research.

Orientador: Claudio Schuller Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_RafaeldaSilva_M.pdf: 3139373 bytes, checksum: 7dcc1b0727f22489e24adb3724559411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Atualmente o território capixaba, mais precisamente a Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória sofre grandes transformações no âmbito econômico e urbano. O primeiro ativado pelo setor externo de commodities e o segundo como resultado, de certa forma, da pujança econômica da região; engendrando no espaço consideráveis mudanças que por sua vez trazem novas e antigas questões. Uma delas refere-se à infraestrutura, uma variável de suma importância para o desenvolvimento seja econômico ou social de qualquer território. Pois, a quantidade e qualidade de infraestrutura acessível no espaço qualificam e condicionam o processo de desenvolvimento. Desse modo, as análises que versam sobre a infraestrutura envolvem diversas dimensões e setores, dentre as quais se destacam a produtiva e urbana. Diante disso, que o esforço do trabalho consiste em investigar a distribuição da infraestrutura urbana "básica" à luz do desenvolvimento econômico e social do território serrano, salientando a atuação do capital da construção civil na região. Assim sendo, a pergunta que norteia o estudo é: como uma região que produz riqueza a distribui em forma de bens coletivos? Com isto, proporciona-se uma leitura da desigualdade sócioespacial para a cidade da Serra numa concepção de serviços e equipamentos urbanos "básicos", como esgoto, pavimentação, transporte público, coleta de lixo e iluminação publica / Abstract: Currently the capixaba territory, specifically the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, undergoes major transformations in the economic and urban. The first activated by the external sector of commodities and the second result, in a sense, the boom in the region, generating considerable changes in space which in turn bring new and old questions. One refers to the infrastructure, a variable of paramount importance for the economic or social development of any territory. Because the quantity and quality of infrastructure available in space qualifies and requirement the development process. Thus, the analysis that deal with the infrastructure involve sectors and many dimensions, among which stand out, the production and urban. Front of this, the work aims to investigate the distribution of "basic" urban infrastructure under the light of economic and social development of serrano territory, stressing the role of capital construction in the region. Therefore the question that guides the study is: how a region that produces wealth distribute it in the form of collective goods? With this, it gives a reading of sociospatial inequality for the Serra's town in a conception of services and "basic" urban equipments as sewer, sidewalks, public transportation, garbage collection and street lighting / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

This paper aims to measure the relationship between systemic vulnerability and government development investments. Systemic vulnerability is a concept introduced by Doner et al. (2005), which suggests that broad coalitions, severe external threats and scarce resources will lead to developmental states. Developmental states have several definitions that can generally be divided into structural and ideological features. Structural features include aspects related to state capacity and bureaucratic robustness, while ideological features refer to a stated goal of development. However, the term “developmental state” is also used as a political buzzword, which has diluted the academic concept. Education investments are used as a proxy for development investments because of the long-term societal and economic benefits that education has in a society. The study combines theories of political behavior, state-building and rentier states for the argument that systemic vulnerability should be positively correlated with education investments. Analysis is based on data from 73 countries and it shows that only some components of systemic vulnerability are correlated with education investments. The weak relationship between scarce resources and education investment follows the expected trend, while the relationship between external threat and education investment is unexpectedly negative. The broad coalitions show no statistically significant correlation between coalition size and education investment. These findings make a contribution to the field of development studies by expanding the understanding of the impact that systemic vulnerability has on development, since there has not been a large-n test of the concept on development investments before.

The thesis deals with the problem of the monopoly structure of the modern justice system and the heavy regulation of most fields of dispute resolution. In this system, judges themselves comprise a self-interested group seeking relaxed regulation and increased rights from the government. The thesis describes inefficiencies and dangers stemming from the lack of market control of the modern justice system and suggests an alternative in the form of a private justice system. The purpose of this paper is to examine both the problem of successful implementation of competition into the current justice system, while describing various models as to how the private justice system could function without state control, with examples from history. This paper further examines the economic differences between private and public justice systems in terms of incentives, efficiency, the process of law creation, speed, and consumers' satisfaction, as well as the conditions under which different systems work best. The main conclusion of this paper is that society should allow all subjects desirous of opportunities to provide goods and services through new enterprises, even in areas currently the exclusive domain of the state, as doing so brings an increase in quality, speed of solution/service, and innovation.

This paper analyses the relationship between corruption and shadow economy. Synthesis of existing theoretical models and the empirical findings in this paper show that different types of corrupt behavior interact with shadow economy differently. Therefore, the relationship between contexts differs. Overall, it seems that the mechanisms leading to the complementary relationship are more prevalent. The results also imply that the quality of public goods available in the official economy influences where the different types of corrupt behavior manifest. When the quality of the public goods is high, corruption and shadow economy appear to be substitutes and when the quality is low, they are complements. However, the relationship is not robust and depends upon the measures used to assess the public goods quality. Furthermore, corruption and shadow economy seem to be complements in decentralized countries and countries with high taxes.

Objective of this diploma thesis is to identify risks and barriers connected with expansion of using the Public-Private Partnership concept, fractional objective is to identify limiting factors which affect still not very developed PPP projects in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to definition of PPP concept and explanation of its specific characteristics in providing of public goods. The practical part is focused on chosen projects. On this sample are limits of expansion of using PPPs identified and analysed using the method of partial generalization. On the basis of analysis of available literature and qualitative research made there are suggested possible solutions.

This thesis is dedicated to a partnership of public and private sectors and to its usage at the sphere of providing public goods. Introductory chapter is oriented on characteristics, classification and possible backup of public goods. Next chapter is focused on PPP method - history of PPP projects, their characteristics, pros and cons. Legal aspect of PPP projects, their institutional backup and their comparison with public tenders are also included in the thesis. Analytical part shows various ways of implementation of PPP projects in the Czech Republic -- e.g. Accomodation capacities and parking of The Central Military Hospital in Prague and Aquapark in Olomouc, as representatives of local autonomies. Questionnaire research of locally autonomous units with the objective of finding out the level of knowledge and access to PPP projects, is another important part of this thesis. The objective of the thesis is the evaluation of a partnership of public and private sectors, as one of possible solutions of providing public goods.