Leung Ping-Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-64). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of Content --- p.iv / List of Appendices --- p.v / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Public Goods and Taxation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Public Goods as Intermediate Goods --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Wage Differentials and Unemployment --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- The Basic Model and Effects of Public Inputs --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- "Public Inputs, Financing Constraints and National Welfare: The Tariff Case" --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- "Public Inputs, Financing Constraints and National Welfare: The Quota Case" --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Appendices --- p.57 / References --- p.62

O setor público brasileiro tem grande influência na economia, considerando o volume de tributos que arrecada e também pelo volume de bens públicos que administra, os quais, em matéria contábil, em parte, representam ativos patrimoniais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor um modelo de identificação e de classificação de Ativos para as entidades do setor público, harmonizando os conceitos constitucionais, legais e normativos, especialmente com as Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade Aplicáveis ao Setor Público. Procurou-se evidenciar a possível convergência de conceitos de Ativos para entidades do setor público, as definições de bens da União e dos Estados, assim definidos no artigo 20 e 31 da Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como a convergência de conceitos de Ativos de entidades setor privado para com os de bens públicos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica quanto à conceituação de bens, de bens públicos, de ativos e do patrimônio público, previstas nos diversos regramentos constitucionais e legais do país e na literatura. O trabalho resultou na identificação das diversas classes de ativos públicos, na estruturação de um modelo de identificação e classificação dos bens, com exemplos de utilização, visando a facilitar e qualificar os procedimentos de registro e o relevo dos bens públicos. O que, o caso, poderá ser útil para o entendimento dos eventos contábeis relacionados à identificação e sua classificação. / The Brazilian public sector has great influence on the economy, considering the amount of taxes it collects, and also by the volume of public goods that manages, which in accounting matters partly represent corporate assets. This study aimed to propose a model for the identification and classification of assets for the public sector entities, harmonizing the constitutional, legal and regulatory concepts, especially with the Brazilian Accounting Standards applicable to the Public Sector. It was essayed to evidence the possible convergence of Assets concepts for public sector entities to the (União) Federal Government and States assets definitions, as delineated in the Article 20 and 31 of the 1988’s Federal Constitution and the convergence of assets concepts of entities from private sector towards public goods. For that a literature review was conducted on the concept of goods, public goods, assets and public property, under the various constitutional and legal specific regulations of the country and in the literature. The work resulted in the identification of several classes of public assets and in the structuring of a model for identification and classification of goods, with examples of use, in order to facilitate and qualify registration procedures and disclosure of public goods, which could be useful for the understanding of accounting events related to their identification and classification.

The challenges faced by the global food and agriculture system in the twenty-first century are unlikely to be resolved through the implementation of neoliberal policies, most notably promoting market liberalisation, privatisation and financialisation. Many of these policies have also supported industrial agriculture, which has led to the production of many global public bads, such as significant greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. However, industrial agriculture is not the only method of food production: sustainable agriculture is better placed to provide a wide range of global public goods (GPGs), including environmental protection and rural livelihood development, in addition to sufficient nutritious food. Therefore, there should be a move towards promoting sustainable agriculture with a focus on eradicating hunger and improving food security. The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) can play a crucial role in ensuring agriculture provides the GPGs required. FAO also produces a number of GPGs through its three main roles; measurement, convening and norms and standards setting. This thesis asks if FAO is in a position to provide a food secure world. It also asks if the organisation is in a stronger position to provide the GPGs required following its extensive recent reform. Finally, it asks if a shift in emphasis towards the provision of GPGs will offer an alternative to neoliberalism.

The thesis deals with the role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) by ensuring of public goods. In the theoretical part of this work author characterize the public goods and methods of their ensuring in Czech Republic, evaluate the role of nongovernmental organizations in society and ways of financing. Last chapter of this part is dedicated to cooperation between NGOs and regional authorities. In the practical part of this thesis author analyze the specific organizations in the region of Příbramsko, evaluate their social benefit and cooperation with municipalities.

We approach the topic of provision of public goods in an experimental economic study using the Public Goods Game setting. We allow subjects to punish each other but vary the structure and amount of information they can base their decisions upon. We try to add to the current literature on reciprocity and study whether people are willing to punish under such incomplete information. Since punishment under uncertain conditions can be quite destructive in terms of welfare, this closely relates to whether people are able to provide public good themselves or whether they need some external assistance. In terms of public policy, this can add to the debate on when should government provide certain services and when it should be left to individuals. In terms of behaviour inside of an enterprise, our study could be well applied to problems that arise when teams work on a common project but some people free-ride on effort of others.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-20T12:47:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcello Rennó de Siqueira Antunes.pdf: 1308036 bytes, checksum: d21b7f3c71b661a2f8c9be2fc707ffc6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T12:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcello Rennó de Siqueira Antunes.pdf: 1308036 bytes, checksum: d21b7f3c71b661a2f8c9be2fc707ffc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / The present study seeks to ascertain the relationship between the constitutional regime of federal public property and its relation to social housing rights. For this, it is necessary to establish some parameters such as: what is intended with the social function of public property; in what consists the principle of imprescriptibility of the public estate in the contemporary vision; what actions the public adminsitration must take to effect the rights of housing; which instruments are capable of resolving the housing problems of the underdog; in addition, to know if there is any constitutional mandate regarding public property that should be pursued by the Administration / O presente estudo busca aferir qual a relação entre o regime constitucional da propriedade pública dominical federal e sua relação com a moradia social. Para isso, é necessário que se estabeleça alguns parâmetros como: o que se pretende com a função social da propriedade pública; no que consiste o princípio da imprescritibilidade dos bens públicos na visão contemporânea; quais ações o Poder Público deve tomar para efetivar os direitos de moradia; quais instrumentos estão aptos a dirimir os problemas habitacionais dos hipossuficientes; além de, saber se há algum mandamento constitucional relativo à propriedade pública que deva ser perseguido pela Administração

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There are three broad areas of public administration that require valuation for public goods. One of these areas is concerned with value for cost benefit analysis. The concept here is quantitative, in money terms, and the purpose is to aid decision making. Planners and economists either calculate, or estimate total costs and total benefits of programs or projects as an aid to decision making. The second broad area involves justifying, or allocating public resources. Benefits bestowed by intangibles such as the arts, or questions that affect the environment are difficult to quantify as value may involve concepts the beneficiaries find difficult to identify or describe. The concept of value involves total costs, but also may involve perceptions of the community about value. Valuation costs may be calculated from the aggregate demand, but estimating demand can be difficult. The third broad area involves estimating demand for government services such as those provided by the Bureau of Statistics, and the Department of Administrative Services, as well as many others, who are being required to charge fees for services previously provided without direct charge. This development is part of the trend called corporatisation now occurring in many countries, including Australia. Economists and planners have a range of approaches available to assist them in the estimation of value, whether it be for the purpose of comparing costs with benefits, or for estimating the demand for tangible or intangible items like the arts or statistics. Surveys have been used for many years to assist a wide range of decisions by private enterprise. The use of surveys by government in Australia has been limited, but is increasing. US and European governments have used surveys to value both more and less tangible public goods since 1970. Surveys have also proved useful to assist many other decisions, including policy making, developing the means for implementing policies, monitoring and adjusting programs, and evaluation. This paper is primarily concerned with surveys. A particular type of survey, known as contingent valuation (CV), has been developed to assist the estimation of value for intangible public goods. Also discussed are other applications of surveys for government decision making, and other ways of imputing or estimating values, largely developed by economists and planners to assist cost benefit analysis. Three examples of surveys used to estimate values are discussed. These include a survey of Sydney households to help estimate the value of clean water; an Australia wide survey to help estimate the value of the arts; and a survey of Australians to help estimate the value of Coronation Hill without mining development. While the paper suggests that surveys have potential to assist a range of government decisions, examples also demonstrate the care required to obtain results that are reasonably precise and reliable.

Ｐ．Ａ．Ｓａｍｕｅｌｓｏｎ於１９５４年發表了‘Ｔｈｅ　Ｐｕ－ｒｅ Ｔｈｅｏｒｙ ｏｆ Ｐｕｂｌｉｃ Ｅｘｐｅｎｄｉｔｕｒｅ’一文 ，為純公共財之最適提供條件．ＳＩＧＭＡ．ＭＲＳ＝ＭＲＴ作了一個最 佳的闡述，也為之後的公共支出理論奠定了良好的根基。然而美中不足者 ，收支為一體的兩面，考慮支出面的問題，自然應當將籌措財源的方式一 併納入討論。Ａ．Ｃ．Ｐｉｇｏｕ於１９４７年曾經提出，租稅融通方式 的不同，將影響到公共財支出的成本。亦即當我們利用扭曲性租稅來融通 公共支出時，租稅的課徵有可能產生效率上的間接損害，因而增加了公共 財的邊際成本。鑒於此，就有許多學者開始對扭曲性租稅融通下的公共財 最適提供，作各種角度的探討。本篇論文的目的，即是探討在考量效率面 、分配面的情況下，扭曲性租稅融通對公共財最適提供條件的修正，及比 較不同財源籌措方式下，公共財最適提供數量的差異。最後，嘗試得出影 響財源籌措和最適公共支出間的關係，以期能作為公共決策時的重要考量 。

<p>&nbsp / <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">possessing more information on which projects could be carried out in the hometowns, and which finally executes these projects. The study concludes that the existence of HTAs in the USA is explained by the socially enforced institution of the </font></font><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">hijos del pueblo </font></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">(sons of the town) having a duty to help their hometowns, as well as the private benefits of preserving Gar&iacute / funa traditions and the possibility of helping repatriate dead immigrants. Fulfilling this duty (and the consequent prestige attained) provides the incentives to send CRs home. In the cases studied, CRs were used to partly finance potable water projects, electricity projects, road paving, a community centre and the construction of a Catholic temple. In most of the cases HTAs worked with a local development organisation, known as </font></font><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Patronato</font></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">, which formed specific committees for executing projects, for example the water and the electricity committees. For the construction of the temple, a religious organisation known as </font></font><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Pastoral </font></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">was the local partner.</font></font></i></i></i></p> <p align="left">The term Collective Remittances (CRs) refers to the money sent by migrant associations, known as Hometown Associations (HTAs), to Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) in their hometowns for financing public works projects. Few cases of CR are known in Honduras. The only ones reported are among the Gar&iacute / funaethnic group living on the Caribbean Coast, and with a large migrant community in New York City (NYC). This mini-master&rsquo / s thesis is the first study written on CRs in Honduras. It studies CR experiences in four Gar&iacute / funa hometowns and their corresponding HTAs in NYC. It answers three questions: How do CRs work in each case? What are the determinants for HTAs to provide CRs to the hometowns? And what are the determinants for local CBOs in the hometowns to use the CRs effectively to provide public goods in the hometowns? CR is conceptualised as a <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">that chooses which local group and project to finance, and the local CBO, which is the </font><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">agent </font></font></i></p>