The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that economies of scale exist in the provision of government services in nonmetropolitan Utah counties. Financial data from the counties was analyzed using statistical methods. Total expenditures, general government, public safety, public works, libraries, health and welfare, parks and recreation, and toads are examined.

Media are created to disseminate information and foster dialogue to support democratic societies. As society evolved and liberalism and marketization gained ground, Public Service Broadcasting was established to produce and distribute content that benefits society without aiming for profit. The notion has faced several challenges with technology development, leading to a transition to Public Service Media being the current one, where media content is consumed through different online platforms. Public Service Broadcasters transition on different phases to Public Service Media based on the country they operate in and the sociopolitical conditions. This research explores the history and origins of PSB and the challenges they face, focusing on the Greek media landscape and the Greek PSB ERT, which since 2020 has been following an online media-focused strategy. By conducting a survey of Greek audience members, quantitative data are generated on the public perception of ERT, the media habits of the Greek audience, and their view on the new strategy of ERT and its streaming platform ERTFLIX. Results indicate that Greek PSB is a state broadcaster due to its lack of editorial autonomy, while the low viewership and survey responses show a lack of trust of the Greek audience in ERT. Participants are in favor of the new ERT strategy, and the majority have used ERTFLIX even once. On the other hand, the news programming of ERT is still not trusted by the audience, indicating that further actions need to be taken to change the state broadcaster identity of ERT. / Medierna skapas för att sprida information och främja dialog för att stödja demokratiska samhällen. I takt med att samhället utvecklades och liberalismen och marknadsföringen vann terräng inrättades public service-bolag för att producera och distribuera innehåll som gynnar samhället utan att sträva efter vinst. Begreppet har stått inför flera utmaningar i samband med den tekniska utvecklingen, vilket har lett till en övergång till Public Service Media, där medieinnehållet konsumeras via olika onlineplattformar. Public service-bolagen övergår i olika faser till public service-medier beroende på vilket land de är verksamma i och de sociopolitiska förhållandena. Denna forskning utforskar de offentliga radio- och tv-bolagens historia och ursprung och de utmaningar de står inför, med fokus på det grekiska medielandskapet och det grekiska offentliga radio- och tv-bolaget ERT, som sedan 2020 har följt en strategi inriktad på onlinemedier. Genom att genomföra en undersökning bland grekiska tittare genereras kvantitativa uppgifter om allmänhetens uppfattning om ERT, den grekiska publikens medievanor och deras syn på ERT:s nya strategi och dess streamingplattform ERTFLIX. Resultaten visar att den grekiska public service-bolaget är ett statligt radio- och tv-bolag på grund av bristen på redaktionell självständighet, medan det låga tittarantalet och enkätsvaren visar att den grekiska publiken saknar förtroende för ERT. Deltagarna är positiva till ERT:s nya strategi och majoriteten har använt ERTFLIX en enda gång. Å andra sidan har publiken fortfarande inget förtroende för ERT:s nyhetsprogram, vilket tyder på att ytterligare åtgärder måste vidtas för att ändra ERT:s identitet som statligt programföretag.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the ideal of public service, what it is and what it should be and how it has evolved in American history. I am concerned that the ideal of public service, a guiding principle for public administrators and government, has been diminished by the emphasis in American public administration on economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. If public sector leaders, such as presidents, over time have changed their focus from discussions of the Constitution or republican principles to other ideas such as taxes and specific government programs, then has the ideal or vision of public service changed? The topic of service, aligned with duty and the responsibility of the citizen, while prevalent in the political theory literature, has been pushed to the back of the public administration literature shelves. Without the ideal of service as a vibrant element of the public administration discourse, the public administration community will have given way to those who see public administration as merely a modified business model. The primary research question posed in this study was: Has the emphasis on economy, efficiency, and effectiveness diminished the ideal of public service? The texts of presidential inaugural addresses were analyzed and reviewed for insights into the ideal of public service by the use of content analysis, using nine criteria that exemplify the ideals of public service. One of the secondary questions posed here was: Has the ideal or vision of public service changed? Discussion of the different criteria illustrated that there has been a change resulting in a different concept of the ideal of public service today. The final question of how and when the ideal of public service changed is answered in the dissertation also, as the results, criterion by criterion, are explained. This study shows that the inaugural addresses captured the ideal of public service dynamically and often eloquently over the course of American history. The changing nature of the role of government, issues of importance to government, and nature of the ideal of public service are on the historical record as set forth in these inaugural addresses. / Ph. D.

The local fire station typically is responsible for responding first in an emergency.  Emergency response in the era after 11 September 2001 is an important topic to consider. In the big picture, it is a complex web of federal and national resources that are brought to bear on a diverse set of problems.  In the smaller picture, individual managers cope with pressures to provide efficient response, but a response that is embedded within the needs of the local community.  In both these pictures, the tensions between individualism and nationalism are discerned.  This dissertation examines these individuals at the local county level in more detail.  Using grounded theory, it describes the strategies that emerged to integrate the actions of career and volunteer first responders.  It finds that legacy organizational design and individual motivations are important influences on these integrating strategies.  Most interestingly, it finds that the founding debate between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists still has influence on these managing strategies.  Local managers are able to blend these distinct visions of government.  Each of these influences is described as they were manifested in the study interviews and observations. / Ph. D.

Today, increases in expenditures are creating tremendous strains on the financial resources of state and local governments. As these demands for services increase, the state and local governments continuously find their financial resources incapable of bending to meet these needs. Currently state and local governments together combined spend twice as much as the federal government to provide public services to the citizens. Education, roads, welfare, public health, hospitals, police, sanitation are all state and local responsibilities with the cost of providing these services falling primarily upon state and local sources of revenue. Consequently, state and local taxes have been raised almost to the saturation point and the bases of old taxes have had to be enlarged. / Master of Arts

The exploration of the study was derived from the researcher’s experience and involvement in the Gauteng Department of Finance (GDF) which experienced gargantuan fatalities of recruited employees since 2009. The moratorium on recruitment process disadvantaged the department`s conditions as some employees were marooned for months. The researcher wondered how profound the staff turnover might have had the influence on the quality of services being delivered to the service customers. In most cases conducting recruitment process is expensive. It requires adequate time to ensure that resources are satisfactorily positioned, while retaining the existing workforce is tricky noting the cultural challenges and trepidation.

This written thesis accompanies three television public service announcement spots. Two of the spots are 60 seconds and one of the spots is 45 seconds in length. I produced this public service television advertising campaign to highlight the issue of child illiteracy in Pakistan and to encourage expatriate and resident Pakistani's to donate to educational charities. A Website created by the filmmaker is promoted in the campaign. This Website provides information about various charities that educate children in Pakistan. Detailed accounts of pre-production, production and post-production of the campaign allow the viewer to comprehend the challenges in producing television campaigns for social causes. Theoretical issues are also discussed, including the causes of illiteracy, the importance and role of social campaigns, the history and uses of propaganda as well as the aesthetic concerns of a public service campaign producer. I discuss the importance of creating the culture of public service campaigns in a third world country like Pakistan, and states that the Pakistani community needs to look inwards to overcome the challenge of illiteracy.

Les contrats internationaux de délégation de service public s'inscrivent dans un ensemble de techniques connues de longue date, les affermages ayant plus de trois siècles d'existence et les concessions étant apparues aux XIXe siècles. Les partenariats public privés constituent la dernière forme en date des relations complexes entre les collectivités publiques et des opérateurs industriels ou de services. La technique de délégation de service public est largement utilisé dans le monde et les états adaptés suivent leurs propres législations internes sous différentes approches de la délégation. A noter que l'amplitude du sujet constitue un défit. Une apprche systématique permettra de réduire les difficultés. Plusieurs éléments sont à prendre en considération. Le premier porte sur l'activité délégable, le deuxième porte sur les formes contractuelles de la délégation et le troisième porte sur les transpositions internationales des contrats de délégation. Dans notre recherche, nous étudierons les contrats de délégation de service public dans le sens large du terme et d'un point de vue internationale sans entrer dans la classification interne de ces contrats dans chaque pays en se basant sur le modèle francais de la "concession" et le modèle Anglo-Saxon le "BOT" qui sont les deux modèles de base les plus répandus et ceci en suivant toutes les étapes du contrat de déégation : Passation, vie et fin du contrat ainsi que son contenu. Nous allons aussi essayer de mettre en relief des réponses aux problèmes émanant de cette expérience et ses applications répandus dans presque tout les pays et dont la réussite varie selon les dimensions géographiques et démographiques du pays / International contracts of public service delegation is part of a set of known longstanding techniques, long-terme leases with more than three centuries of existence and the concessions being emerged is the nineteenth century. Public-private partnerships are the latest form dated complex relations between public authorities and industry operators or services. The technique of delegation of public service is widely used in the world and adapted states follow there own internal laws in different approaches of the delegation. Notes that the amplitude of the subject is a challenge. A systematic approach will reduce difficulties. Several factors most be taken into consideration. The first concerns the delegable activity, the second door on the contractual forms of delegation and the third focuses on international transposition delegation contracts. In our research, we will study contracts delegation of public service in the broadest sense and from an international point of view without going into the internal classification of those contracts in each country. Based on the French model of th "concession" and the Anglo-Saxon model "BOT" which are the two basic models of the most common we will follow all the steps of delegation contract : Procurement, life and termination of the contract and its contents. We will also try to highlight the answers to the problems arising from this experience and widespread in almost all countries and applications whose success depends on the geographical area and population of the country.

華薇. / "2002年1月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (p. 130-140) / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 1 yue" / Hua Wei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (p. 130-140) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 槪述 --- p.1 / 硏究簡介 --- p.1 / 論文結構 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二章 --- 政治經濟學理論回顧 --- p.2 / 政治經濟理論簡述 --- p.3 / 政治經濟學 --- p.3 / 媒介政治經濟學 --- p.4 / 中國傳媒的政治經濟學：國家一市場 --- p.6 / 國家´ؤ市場 --- p.7 / 理論啟示 --- p.11 / Chapter 第三章 --- 中國的政治經濟環境 --- p.13 / 政治經濟環境的變遷 --- p.13 / 改革前中國的政治經濟環境 --- p.13 / 文革之後的政治經濟環境 --- p.15 / 改革後的政治經濟環境演變 --- p.17 / 政治經濟環境變化中的中國傳媒 --- p.18 / 改革前的中國傳媒 --- p.18 / 改革後的中國傳媒 --- p.19 / 政治經濟共同作用下的中國廣告業 --- p.20 / 廣告是市場的產物 --- p.20 / 政治力量對廣告的影響 --- p.21 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究對象 --- p.23 / 公益廣告的界定 --- p.23 / 一般性的公益廣告界定 --- p.23 / 本硏究所涉及的公益廣告的範圍 --- p.25 / 以公益廣告爲硏究對象的原因 --- p.25 / 現有硏究對廣告的關注不足 --- p.25 / 公益廣告的特點 --- p.26 / 國外公益廣告活動 --- p.27 / 關於公益廣告的一些硏究 --- p.28 / 國外的公益廣告硏究 --- p.28 / 國內關於公益廣告的硏究 --- p.29 / 硏究意義 --- p.30 / Chapter 第五章 --- 硏究主題和分析架構 --- p.31 / 硏究主題一´ؤ公益廣告的歷史性硏究 --- p.31 / 分析架構 --- p.31 / 從社會控制到社會關係 --- p.32 / 硏究主體 --- p.33 / 公益廣告的運作機制 --- p.33 / 分析架構 --- p.34 / 硏究方法 --- p.35 / Chapter 第六章 --- 背景介紹 --- p.39 / 中國廣告業發展槪況 --- p.39 / 中央電視台廣告收入與國家財政撥款變化情況 --- p.41 / Chapter 第七章 --- 準備階段的公益廣告（1978-1986) ´ؤ´ؤ被媒體內化的思想政治工具 --- p.43 / 撥亂反正與改革開放 --- p.43 / 中國廣告業的恢復 --- p.44 / 政府´ؤ´ؤ媒體強有力的管理者 --- p.46 / 準備階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.52 / 媒體早期的公益活動 --- p.52 / 中國最早的公益廣告 --- p.53 / 中國早期公益活動和公益廣告廣告出現的原因 --- p.54 / 小結 --- p.57 / Chapter 第八章 --- 起始階段的公益廣告（1987 ´ؤ 1991 ) 一 一換取“信任´ح與“喜愛´ح的工具 --- p.58 / 深化改革治理整頓 --- p.58 / 精神文明建設與反對資產階級自由化運動 --- p.59 / 中國廣告業的發展 --- p.60 / 國家一一市場發展的鳥籠 --- p.63 / 起始階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.68 / 響亮的“第一炮´ح 一一中央電視台的《廣而告之》 --- p.68 / 欄目化公益廣告出現的原因 --- p.69 / 此階段公益廣告運作机制分析 --- p.73 / 小結 --- p.76 / Chapter 第九章 --- 發展階段的公益廣告（1992 -1995) 一一摻入商業考慮的規勸方法 --- p.78 / 中國經濟改革的深化 --- p.78 / 廣告業的繁榮 --- p.78 / 廣告提價 --- p.79 / 媒體競賣 --- p.80 / 沖擊意識型態領域的廣告活動 --- p.80 / 市場´ؤ´ؤ媒體日漸重要的經濟來源 --- p.81 / 發展階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.85 / 初見端倪的商業化運作´ؤ´ؤ《回家》的故事 --- p.85 / 企業贊助的公益廣告´ؤ´ؤ《海爾小兄弟》 --- p.86 / 規避制度局限´ؤ´ؤ菸酒企業贊助的公益廣告 --- p.87 / 此階段公益廣告運作機制分析 --- p.88 / 小結 --- p.91 / Chapter 第十章 --- 繁榮階段的公益廣告（1996 -2001) 一 一納入常規化和商業化的運作軌道 --- p.93 / “兩手抓，兩手都要硬´ح --- p.93 / 進入平穩發展階段的中國廣告行業： --- p.94 / 國家和市場´ؤ´ؤ兩股強大的勢力 --- p.95 / 繁榮階段的公益廣告活動 --- p.101 / 常規化 --- p.101 / 商業化 --- p.103 / 此階段公益廣告運作機制分析 --- p.108 / 小結 --- p.115 / Chapter 第十一章 --- 總結與討論 --- p.118 / 中國公益廣告的歷史發展 --- p.118 / 討論：政治經濟環境變化對於公益廣告運作機制的影響 --- p.122 / 國家的力量對公益廣告的發展所產生的影響 --- p.123 / 市場的力量對於公益廣告運作的影響 --- p.126 / 在國家和市場的共同作用之下尋找最有效率的活動空間 --- p.127 / 參考文獻 --- p.130

The exploration of the study was derived from the researcher’s experience and involvement in the Gauteng Department of Finance (GDF) which experienced gargantuan fatalities of recruited employees since 2009. The moratorium on recruitment process disadvantaged the department`s conditions as some employees were marooned for months. The researcher wondered how profound the staff turnover might have had the influence on the quality of services being delivered to the service customers. In most cases conducting recruitment process is expensive. It requires adequate time to ensure that resources are satisfactorily positioned, while retaining the existing workforce is tricky noting the cultural challenges and trepidation.