In the 1970s, oil, gas and utility companies lost the American public's trust during the energy crisis. Faced with tighter government regulation, these companies turned to nonproduct advertising as a mouthpiece for the American company.At the time, Robert Meadow created a typology for nonproduct advertising by analyzing hundreds of nonproduct ads in several publications. According to Meadow, the ten categories that he created were the areas in which companies utilized nonproduct advertising.Yet, over twenty years later, companies in the 1990s confront many problems that plagued companies in the 1970s. However, the face of business has since changed. In contrast, global competition, equal employment opportunities and downsizing were not major issues twenty-seven years ago as they are today.Since Meadow published his typology of nonproduct advertising in 1981, no other typology has been put forth in nonproduct advertising literature. No one has compared his typology to current nonproduct ads in the 1990s to determine if there is a significant difference of the categories today as compared to Meadow's categories. Nor has any researcher questioned if the priority of the categories remains the same since his study was done. In addition, what types of organizations are using nonproduct ads today?Through a content analysis of nonproduct ads in the same publications that Meadow used, a significant difference was found in nonproduct ads of the 1990s in comparison to nonproduct ads in the 1970s. While image ads remained the largest used category of nonproduct ads for Meadow and the researcher's categories, none of the other categories ranked the same.According to the ranking of the categories, this study shows that the priority of the categories has changed since Meadow did his study. Findings also show that overwhelmingly, corporations remain the heaviest users of nonproduct ads while political use runs a distant second. / Department of Journalism

The problem is to determine if identifiable factors influence selection of soft news for coverage on television newscasts. Data were obtained from news releases, newscast scripts, and interviews with participating practitioners and editors. Chapter I presents the problem; Chapter II contains an analysis of news releases submitted to editors; Chapter III presents analysis of techniques and attitudes of practitioners and editors; Chapter IV presents conclusions and guidelines. The study indicated practitioners could influence selection of their items through attention to certain factors and techniques: elements of newsworthiness, personal contact, method of item dissemination, quantity of items submitted, and professionalism and credibility. Specific guidelines were developed for practitioners to follow in dealing with television news editors.

The Iraq ‘Chilcot’ Inquiry is the last in a string of public inquiries tasked with understanding how the British state went to war with Iraq. In so doing, the inquiries have become defined by the problem of striking a balance between publicity and secrecy. While exposing foreign policy decision-making to public scrutiny should be the norm in a liberal democracy, this must be balanced by state secrecy, which is justified in exceptional circumstances when there is a threat to national security. Striking the right balance acts to maintain and legitimise a distinction between liberal and illiberal regimes by justifying exceptions as the mitigation of existential threats to liberal values. In contrast to the balance metaphor, this thesis shows how the inquiries are a site of contestation between two technologies of government: the public gaze and official secrecy. Drawing on Foucault, I demonstrate how both technologies support the liberal ‘security dispositif’: the exercise of freedom without too little or too much government. Each technology secures this liberal governmentality in a different but mutually supportive way. The public gaze seeks constitutes security of the liberal subject by exposing, criticising and disciplining statesmen and statecraft. Official secrecy, meanwhile, constitutes security of the state by protecting the value of privileged information used to support a necessary minimum of government. In this context, the balance metaphor may be recognized as the discursive framework that, in any moment, legitimises either the exercise of publicity in response to insecurity engendered by secrecy or vice versa. The balance metaphor thereby supports a further distinction between the responsible liberal self and the illiberal other. I show how the Iraq Inquiry legitimizes British official secrecy while re-inscribing the conditions of possibility for waging liberal war.

The text deals with the question of defining what exactly right to information is. As the public debate concerning different institutes of the right to information and transparency goes on intensively and extensively in the Czech republic as well as worldwide, it has become the aim of the author to search for the roots of the right, of both its restrictive and extensive scope and its guiding principles. Such a research should be useful for the interpretation and the aplication of the relevant law and serve as a guide for the proper understanding of the rights' social and legal importance. The first part of the text after the introduction describes the term of the right to information, it's evolution in history, philosophical, political and legal basis and contemporary meaning. The following chapter concerns itself with the material sources of the right, i. e. the reason and meaning of the existence of the right. It explains the rights' commonly recognized width and depth and its liberal and conservative tendencies reaching from the current events into the even more informational based future. The conflict of the right with the other interests of modern society is covered and the different formal sources of the right are listed demonstratively. The third chapter examines the universally acknowledged...

[pt] O presente estudo é um convite a pensar a relação entre a criança, a televisão e a publicidade. Tem como objetivos fundamentais a construção de uma análise crítica da contemporaneidade traçada a partir das novas configurações da relação entre adultos e crianças frente à cultura midiática e a formulação de bases teóricas que visem contribuir para a consolidação de políticas públicas em educação comprometidas com a formação de um sujeito crítico e sensível às vicissitudes de sua época. / [en] The present study is an invitation to think about the relationship between children, television and advertising. Its main aims are the construction of a critical analysis on contemporary world drawn by the new configurations of the relationship between adults and children through media culture and the formulation of theoretical basis which seek to contribute for the establishment of educational public policies engaged in the formation of a person more critical and sensible to the changes of his epoch.

Orientador: Francisco Machado Filho / Banca: Regilene Aparecida Sarzi Ribeiro / Banca: Nirave Reigota Caram / Resumo: O estudo da Hiperpublicidade evidencia a conquista por espaços cada vez maiores de se fazer e estudar publicidade, diante dos múltiplos aspectos contemporâneos à aplicação de marcas vem ganhando força no mercado televisivo, em particular nos programas de reality show. Na televisão, destina-se diversas possibilidades de trabalhar a publicidade diante dos produtos oferecidos, entre eles o reality show, um formato de entretenimento que tem apoio de marcas patrocinadoras. A pesquisa busca identificar a estratégia de posicionamento na divulgação dos prêmios destinados ao vencedor do Masterchef Brasil Profissionais transmitido pela TV aberta na Rede Bandeirantes, para tal, versa de um estudo exploratório e de uma análise de conteúdo para a terceira temporada do programa. Os resultados demonstram que o reality show emprega uma estratégia de posicionamento da marca dentro da mensagem persuasiva propagada com os prêmios destinados ao vencedor do Masterchef Profissionais, além de produzir, por esse conteúdo, valores humanos relacionados ao perfil de competidor profissional, em uma possibilidade de transformação sociocultural com a Hiperpublicidade presente. / Abstract: The study of Hyperpublicity evidences the conquest by ever larger spaces of doing and studying advertising, in view of the multiple contemporary aspects of the application of brands has been gaining strength in the television market, particularly in reality show programs. On television, several possibilities are used to work advertising in front of the products offered, among them the reality show, an entertainment format that has support from sponsoring brands. The research seeks to identify the strategy of positioning in the dissemination of the prizes destined to the winner of Masterchef Brasil Profissionais transmitted by the open TV in the Bandeirantes Network, for such, it is an exploratory study and a content analysis for the third season of the program. The results demonstrate that the reality show employs a strategy of brand positioning within the persuasive message propagated with the prizes destined to the winner of the Masterchef Professionals, besides producing, for this content, human values related to the profile of professional competitor, in a possibility of sociocultural transformation with present Hyperpublicity. / Mestre

This thesis analyses stunts in the public life of late nineteenth-century New York, where 'stunt' developed as a slang term. Addressing stunts as a performative and discursive practice, I investigate stunts in popular newspapers, sports, politics and protest and, to a lesser extent, theatre and film. Each chapter focuses on one form of stunt: bridge jumping, extreme walking contests, a new genre of reporting called 'stunt journalism', and cycling feats. Joseph Pulitzer's popular newspaper, the World, is the primary research archive, supported by analysis of other newspapers and periodicals, vaudeville scripts, films, manuals and works of fiction. The driving question is: how did stunts in public life enact conceptions of value? I contextualise stunts in a 'crisis of value' concerning industrialisation, secularisation, recessions, the currency crisis, increased entry of women into remunerative work, immigration, and racialised anxieties about consumption and degeneration. I examine the ways in which 'stunt' connotes devaluation, suggesting a degraded form of politics, art or sport, and examine how such cultural hierarchies intersect with gender, race and class. The critical framework draws on Theatre and Performance Studies theorisations of precarity and liveness. I argue that stunts aestheticised everyday precarity and made it visible, raising ethical questions about the value of human life and death, and the increasingly interdependent nature of urban society. Stunts took entrepreneurial idealisations of risk and autoproduction to extreme, constructing identity as commodity. By aestheticising precarity and endangering lives, stunts explored a symbolic and material connection between liveness and aliveness, which provokes questions about current conceptualisations of liveness and mediatisation. I argue that while stunts were framed as exceptional, frivolous acts, they adopted the logic of increasingly major industries, such as the popular press, advertising and financial markets. Stunts became a focal point for anxiety regarding the abstract and unstable nature of value itself.

Esta pesquisa trata da representação de gênero nos anúncios publicitários da loja Mappin veiculados entre os anos de 1931 e 1945. Ao circularem pela sociedade, os anúncios divulgavam produtos ao mesmo tempo em que difundiam as noções de feminilidade e de masculinidade do período. Partindo do pressuposto de que as identidades não são constituídas previamente no âmbito do abstrato e posteriormente materializadas em imagens e outros artefatos, mas que estes participam ativamente de sua construção, serão analisadas as características, as posturas e os hábitos associados às mulheres e aos homens do período. / This research deals with the representation of gender in the advertisements of the Mappin store published between the years of 1931 and 1945. As they moved through society, the ads spread products while imparting insights into what would constitute the femininity and masculinity of the period. Assuming that identities are not previously constituted within the abstract and subsequently materialized in images and other artifacts, but that they actively participate in their construction; the characteristics, postures, and habits associated with women and men of the period will be analyzed.

The aim of the Master's thesis is to analyze the phenomenon of international terrorism as a process of communication which exploits the pattern of contemporary mass media. The thesis will result in a practical application of findings of this analysis on chosen recent terrorist attacks. It will mainly focus on evaluating whether the patterns of terrorism as striving for publicity are still present and if/how they have changed with the arrival of web-based communication. First chapter of the thesis is dedicated to defining and framing terrorism. It also gives a brief insight to historical roots of a terrorist's need for attention. Second chapter introduces mass media as a theoretical concept and as a tool in the communication strategy of a terrorist. The final chapter examines chosen attacks in years 2010 and 2011 through the prism of media-centered strategy. It shows almost no changes in the strategy, however, there is a solid evidence for a terrorists' ability to take advantage of the Internet as a mean to enhance the effect of their activity, e.g. recruitment of adherents, resource of information, and spreading messages.

This study researched the effects of negative publicity on the performance of professional baseball athletes. Four athletes’ performance statistics were evaluated before a scandal that produced negative publicity, during the height of the negative publicity and after the scrutiny tapered off. Chipper Jones, Wade Boggs, Alex Rodriguez and David Justice were the athletes chosen for the study, and all four athletes experienced a similar scandal and negative publicity about their personal and professional lives. The results showed an effect on performance, but it was not always negative and could not be definitively linked to the negative exposure in the media. This suggests that further research is needed and should be continued on a broader scale.