Interactivity is a distinguishing feature of the online environment but online newspapers have been slow in recognising interactivity as an essential condition of effective Web communication. Existing research show online newspapers generally offer few and token interactive options. This research explored interactivity in online journalism using Nigeria's online Guardian as a case study exploring the nature, levels and utilisation of interactivity and interactive features on the site. This study found that few interactive options are offered in Nigeria's online Guardian and those interactive options on offer just produced an illusion of interactivity; it was apparent that little effort was made to give interactive options on the site the significant attention they deserve. The study highlighted the difference between the availability and use of interactive features on an online newspaper site: the mere presence of such features does not necessarily speak to the levels or nature of interactivity on the site. The difficulty in obtaining findings for the qualitative aspect of this study spoke significantly to the findings in light of the fact that these were attempts using interactive options provided by the newspaper site. They stress what relevant literature highlights: the mere presence of interactive features is not in itself interactivity . Factors contributing to the low levels of interactivity in Nigeria's online Guardian include lack of technical expertise plus human and financial resources and the persistence of a mindset that hinders the development and integration of new information communication technologies and interactivity in online journalism. Theoretically, the possibilities are vast but the likelihood of translating theory into reality appears slim. For Nigeria's online Guardian to become interactive in a participatory way, it must undergo changes and choices about values, goals and standards. There must be a shift in attitudes and approaches towards news-content production and delivery as well as the problematic commercial aspects of electronic publishing routines and the effect of such choices on management and newsroom organisation.

Tomando as revistas como a Tatuí e a Número, analisa-se aqui as relações presentes nas suas produções de crítica de arte circuladas por meio de publicações auto-organizadas. Colocam-se questões sobre a atuação na prática de escrita de crítica de arte e seu possível caráter experimental nos anos 2000. Considera-se um contexto de crescimento da profissionalização e suas implicações nas práticas teóricas em diálogo com as práticas do trabalho de arte. Procuramos investigar também, nesse processo da difusão de discussão crítica, o pensamento sobre os circuitos e as instituições como possíveis locais ambivalentes de tensão e de amplificação. As estratégias de tais publicações observam a criação de seus espaços de interlocução possíveis, considerando tal contexto muitas vezes caracterizado como o de crise da potencialidade de contribuição da crítica. / Taking the Tatuí and Número magazines, we analise here the relations on the production of art criticism on circulation via selforganised publications. Posing questions on the practice of art writing and its possible experimental character on the 2000’s. Considering a rising profissionalization context and its implications on theoretical practices dialoging with art work practices. We also seek to investigate, on this process of profused critic discussion, the thinking of circuits and the institutions as ambivalent places of tension and amplification. The publication estrategies observe the creation of their possible interlocution spaces, conidering such context as one often characterized as the of crisis on the potencial critical contribution.

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of the book as crucial means of communication of the author (of the artistic and non-artistic) text with the reader. The material object book is examined in detail as a product, goods and object of the aesthetic interest. The work focuses primarily on the following questions: What is happening with the text from the moment of the manuscript submission to the publisher until the moment when is held in reader's hands for the first time? What subjects, institutions or interests are entering (or may enter) the game during the production, distribution and sale of the book and what is their particular role? What is the form and function of graphical and peritextual components of the book? All questions are answered in regard to the current state of Czech literary culture.

À partir des années quatre-vingt, des groupes industriels internationaux entrent dans le capital de maisons d'édition du Nord. C'est le début de ce que l'on appellera la globalisation du livre. Face à la crainte de l'uniformisation des productions éditoriales, on observe l'émergence de réflexions et de projets autour de la bibliodiversité. C'est notamment dans cette dynamique que le marché du livre africain se structure en réseaux pour favoriser la diffusion, la distribution et la coédition de ses productions. Dès la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix, la recherche universitaire s'intéresse de plus en plus à l'arrière-plan des oeuvres littéraires africaines. Derrière chaque ouvrage se situent des institutions, des économies, des stratégies d'auteurs, etc., qu'il est important de prendre en considération. Ce travail s'intéresse d'abord à la relation de la production littéraire africaine avec le marché global du livre. Dans un second-temps, notre recherche étudie le cas du marché du livre camerounais et sa cohérence en tant que système éditorial participant à l'économie littéraire nationale, sous-régionale et internationale. / Since the eighties, international industrial firms enter North publishing houses' capital. This was the beginning of what is called book globalization. That process raises a standardization fear of published material; it also involves the emergence of thoughts and projects concerning bibliodiversity. In that context, African book's market has been structured in different kind of networks with the goal of sustaining its diffusion/distribution. On the end of the nineties, scholar researches increase their interest for African literature production's background. Behind each book, we find institutions, economies, authors' strategies, which are important to take in account. In this present work, we will consider the relations between African literary productions and Global book's market. Secondly, our work will focus on Cameroonian book's market as an editorial system, and will question its participation to the economy of literature at national, regional and international scales.

Ce travail restitue la trajectoire de circulation et de traduction du postcolonial en France. En proposant une analyse à la fois sémasiologique et onomasiologique du terme postcolonial, cette thèse cherche à montrer comment émerge et se diffuse une nouvelle grille de lecture du monde social. Celle-ci permet de faire émerger une imbrication conceptuelle complexe mettant en relation les concepts d’idéal républicain, d’universalisme, de multiculturalisme, d’identité nationale et de discriminations. Ce travail retrace les conditions de possibilités de ce nouveau vocable à travers l’analyse de trois espaces : politique, savant et intellectuel. Il montre comment des thématiques, d’abord confinées dans les espaces sociaux, tendent progressivement à s’imbriquer au début des années 2000. L’analyse de l’année 2005, comme point de rupture dans la visibilité de cette thématique, permet de mettre en évidence la constitution d’espaces de traductions : de nouvelles revues et maisons d’éditions et d’insister sur les trajectoires multiples des traducteurs. Enfin, ce travail propose une cartographie de la controverse engendrée à la suite de la réception du terme postcolonial à travers une analyse de ses scènes, de sa spatialisation et de ses motifs argumentatifs. / This work articulates the circulation and translation of the trajectories of postcolonial studies in France. Proposing both semasiological and onomasiological analyses of the postcolonial term, this thesis intends to show how a new interpretation of the social world rise and spread. A complex and conceptual overlapping emerges where the notions of “idéal républicain”, universalism, multiculturalism, “identité nationale” and discrimination are related. This work outlines the conditions of possibility of this new semantic through the analysis of three areas: political, scientific and intellectual. It demonstrates how themes, prior confined in specific social areas, tends to gradually overlap at the beginning of 2000’s. The analysis of the year 2005, as a turning point in the exposure of this topic, highlights the creation of translation areas: new journals, publishing houses and outlines the various trajectories of translators. Finally, this work propose a cartography of the controversy generated following the reception of the term postcolonial in France through the analysis of its scenes, its spatialization and its argumentative patterns.

Esta dissertação aborda a narrativa visual gráfica da revista Bravo! na perspectiva dos Estudos da Cultura Visual. Considera a maneira como estão articuladas as linguagens verbo-visuais no planejamento gráfico da revista, como ela se relaciona com seu público leitor nas diversas instâncias da sua atuação na vida cotidiana e as diferentes maneiras como é vista e percebida tanto no seu contexto de comercialização quanto no universo educacional. Através da análise de seis capas, reflete como a articulação dos elementos visuais constroem conceitos de identidades culturais e como estes se referem à cultura brasileira. Neste contexto, o autor formula diversos questionamentos em relação ao universo da revista, como, por exemplo: Que papel elas representam nos meios de informação? De que maneira os suportes digitais se relacionam e influenciam o design visual das revistas? Como os periódicos estão inseridos no cenário urbano contemporâneo? E, ainda, de que maneira as narrativas do design gráfico contemporâneo estão articuladas e produzem pedagogias do ver? Esta pesquisa se utiliza também das imagens para compor o seu conteúdo, no sentido de que elas auxiliam a construir esta narrativa. / This study discusses the design and visual narrative of the Bravo! magazine according to the conceptual framework of Visual Culture Studies. It focuses on how verbal and visual languages articulate in its graphic design, how design relates to its readership in the different instances of their daily activities, and how it is seen and perceived in commercial and educational contexts. The analysis of six magazine covers shows how the articulation of visual elements builds concepts of cultural identity and how they relate to Brazilian culture. Several questions are raised and discussed: What role do magazines play in media? How do digital supports relate to and affect the visual design of magazines? How are magazines inserted into contemporary urban scenarios? Finally, how do contemporary graphic design narratives articulate and produce forms of teaching how to see? Magazine pictures that support the construction of this narrative are also used to develop this study.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística / A produção de mapeamento cartográfico sofreu muitas transformações ao longo dos anos, passando da utilização extensiva de instrumentos analógicos para o meio digital. Atualmente, grande parte desse processo é realizado com o auxílio do computador, exigindo um alto investimento em sistemas computacionais. No início da década de 90 surgiu um movimento, chamado de Software Livre, que tem o objetivo de diminuir a dependência tecnológica às grandes organizações multinacionais, que dominam muitos segmentos do mercado da tecnologia da informação. Assim, foram desenvolvidos diversos programas de uso geral e que substituem de maneira satisfatória o chamados Software proprietário. Ultimamente, também tem sido desenvolvido Software Livre para a área de geoprocessamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o uso desses aplicativos na produção de mapeamento cartográfico e para isso realizamos a editoração cartográfica de uma folha da Carta CIM utilizando programas distribuídos seguindo a filosofia do Software Livre. O processo de editoração cartográfica é fundamental na produção de uma carta e exige o domínio de várias técnicas, sendo uma das tarefas mais complexas da cartografia. Este trabalho apresenta uma nova forma de executar esta importante tarefa, visando aproveitar os últimos avanços na cartografia utilizando software livre e automatizando partes do processo para facilitar sua realização. A realização desta atividade de maneira satisfatória utilizando tecnologias livres comprova o estágio de amadurecimento alcançado dos programas desenvolvidos segundo essa filosofia.

Submitted by AUREO JOAQUIM CAMARGO null (aureo.camargo@uol.com.br) on 2016-02-06T23:16:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A BAGATELIZAÇÃO DA LITERATURA DE LIMA BARRETO.pdf: 2332706 bytes, checksum: b7936a449901fad512a4c6e86a3ccea5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-02-11T13:05:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_aj_dr_assis.pdf: 2332706 bytes, checksum: b7936a449901fad512a4c6e86a3ccea5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T13:05:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_aj_dr_assis.pdf: 2332706 bytes, checksum: b7936a449901fad512a4c6e86a3ccea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Esta tese objetiva demonstrar o percurso editorial do escritor carioca Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922), analisando as modificações e as permanências no legado editorial do escritor após sua morte. Chamamos de bagatelização a maneira como o escritor juntou os textos do livro Bagatelas, publicado em 1923, modelo que plasmou as edições póstumas organizadas por Francisco de Assis Barbosa. Analisamos o processo de bagatelização da literatura de Lima Barreto por dois vieses: a) o desenvolvido por Lima Barreto, resultado da veia satírica do escritor; e b) a bagatelização realizada por Francisco de Assis Barbosa, motivada pelas exigências inerentes do mercado editorial. Assim, há pelos quatro capítulos que compõem a tese o fio condutor da discussão do processo bagatelizador da obra de Lima Barreto, embasado pela descrição da evolução do mercado editorial brasileiro. No primeiro capítulo, tomamos o espaço temporal de 1909 a 1923, momento da constituição do legado editorial do escritor, com sete obras publicadas. O segundo capítulo compreende o intervalo temporal de 1923 a 1956, quando o legado editorial do escritor é, por um lado, mantido pelas editoras, e por outro sofre alterações e ampliações, atingindo um total de dez volumes. O terceiro capítulo tem por objetivo exclusivo a tentativa de se oferecer ao mercado as obras completas de Lima Barreto, executada por Francisco de Assis Barbosa, com o legado editorial limabarretiano atingindo o total de dezessete volumes. O último capítulo apresenta as tendências editoriais existentes nas publicações das obras de Lima Barreto pós-1956 marcadas por dois aspectos: por um lado a repetição continuada e acrítica dos textos fixados na edição de 1956 por Francisco de Assis Barbosa, quase única referência; por outro, pelo aparecimento de edições que dialogam implicitamente com a edição de 1956, visando a oferecer ao mercado edições distintas do padrão barbosiano. / The thesis aims to demonstrate the editorial course of the works of writer Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922), analyzing the changes and continuities that have taken place in the editorial writer's legacy after his death. We call bagattelization the way the writer joined the texts of Bagatelas, published in 1923, a model that has shaped the posthumous editions organized by Francisco de Assis Barbosa reflected in the publications of other publishers, subsequent to their work. We examine the process of bagatellization of Lima Barreto literature by two biases: a) developed by Lima Barreto, a result of the satirical vein of the writer; and b) the bagatellization performed by Francisco de Assis Barbosa, resulted by the demands inherent in the publishing market, described in its main trends throughout its evolution until almost our time. The conducting wire of the thesis summarized the discussion of bagatellement’s process of Lima Barreto work was distributed by four chapters. At first, we’ll approach the time interval between 1909-1923, when the editorial writer's legacy constitute oneself , composed by the publication of seven works .The second comprehends the interval 1923-1956 , when the editorial writer's legacy is on the one hand , maintained by publishers , and on the other , undergoes changes and expansions, reaching production of the writer a total of ten volumes.The third has the exclusive purpose of trying to treat Francisco de Assis Barbosa to offer in 1956 by Brasilense publisher to market the complete works of Lima Barreto, with limabarretiano legacy reaching seventeen volumes mark.The final chapter presents existing editorial trends in the publications of the works of Lima Barreto post- 1956 marked by two aspects: on the one hand, the continued and uncritical repetition of the texts set in the edition of 1956 by Francisco de Assis Barbosa, almost unique reference; other by the emergence of issues that implicitly dialogue with the edition 1956, aiming to provide the market with different editions of barbosiano standard while retaining, even residually, however, signals bagatellization process.

abstract: This study examines how a populist religious leader, Alexander Campbell, altered the economic value system of religious material production in the early United States and, subsequently, the long-term value structure of religious economic systems generally. As religious publishing societies in the early nineteenth century were pioneering the not-for-profit corporation and as many popular itinerants manufactured religious spectacles around the country, Campbell combined the promotional methods of revivalism and the business practices of religious printers, with a conspicuously pugilistic tone to simultaneously build religious and business empires. He was a religious entrepreneur who capitalized on the opportunities of American revivalism for personal and religious gain. His opponents attacked his theology and his wealth as signs of his obvious error but few were prepared for the vigor of his answer. He invited conflict and challenged prominent opponents to grow his celebrity and extend his brand into new markets. He argued that his labor as a printer was deserving of compensation and that, unlike his “venal” clerical opponents, he offered his services as a preacher for free. As Americans in the early national period increasingly felt obligated to find the “right kind of Christianity,” Campbell packaged and sold a compelling product. In the decades that followed his first debate in 1820, he built a religious following that by 1850 numbered well over 100,000 followers. This dissertation considers the importance of marketing, promotion, investment capital, distribution networks, property law, print culture, and ideology, to the success of a given religious prescription in the nineteenth century American marketplace of religion. Campbell’s success reveals important social, political, and economic structures in the nineteenth century trans-Appalachian west. It also illuminates a form of religious entrepreneurialism that continues to be important to American Christianity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation History 2018

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-02-18T17:34:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3121270 bytes, checksum: d416970a37ec09f358cc486ed8268bdb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-18T17:34:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3121270 bytes, checksum: d416970a37ec09f358cc486ed8268bdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / After a long journey using various materials from nature as learning support, books are presented in a new format: digital one. After living for more than 500 years with printed books, the mediated society comes across new practices and cyberspace provides necessary infrastructure to spread the electronic text, which has now personified immateriality. Thus, we have studied the concept of the book not only as an important means of acquiring knowledge, but also its use in contemporary times as a hypermedia process which involves various social actors and more broadly embraces the publishing sector. Our goal, therefore, is to study this process from the tripartite relationship between reader-author-publisher and the new practices and uses created by the advent of digital books as part of cyberculture. In order to do so, we have conducted an empirical qualitative research aiming at gathering current information about the growing adoption of eBooks in contemporary society and we have used the Grounded Theory in order to understand the current changes within the publishing sector. From the analysis we noticed that, despite the dynamics of production and distribution of digital books, the publishing market is still strongly based on business model for printed books. On the other hand, digital books have shown a potential that is capable of supplying new needs, which have risen in the cyberculture context, due more to the interaction and sharing media power than to its technology itself. / Após uma longa trajetória, com a utilização de diversos materiais da natureza como suporte, o livro apresenta-se sob um novo formato, o digital. Depois de conviver por mais de 500 anos com o livro vinculado ao impresso, a sociedade midiatizada depara-se com novas práticas e o ciberespaço fornece a infraestrutura necessária para a disseminação do texto eletrônico, agora personificado pela imaterialidade. Passamos a estudar, então, o conceito de livro não apenas como um importante suporte de aquisição de conhecimento, mas também, o seu uso na contemporaneidade como um processo hipermidiático, formado por diversos atores sociais e abarcando o setor editorial de maneira mais ampla. Nosso objetivo, portanto, constitui-se no estudo desse processo, a partir do tripé leitor autor e editor, e dos novos usos e práticas geradas pelo advento do livro digital no âmbito da cibercultura. Para tal, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter empírico, visando buscar informações recorrentes da crescente adoção dos eBooks na sociedade contemporânea, e utilizamos a Teoria Fundamentada para compreender as mudanças que estão ocorrendo no setor editorial. A partir da análise, percebemos que, apesar da dinamicidade da produção e difusão do livro digital, o mercado editorial se mantém baseado em um modelo de negócios muito forte com o livro impresso. Por outro lado, o livro digital vem demonstrando um potencial capaz de suprir novas necessidades que surgiram no contexto da cibercultura, muito mais pelo poder midiático de interação e compartilhamento de conteúdo do que pela própria tecnologia que o sustém.