Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The arrival of the Internet and digital technology the past decade has revolutionised the media industry worldwide. Newspapers cannot exist separately from other media forms any longer. Newspaper companies have increasingly started to experiment with the incorporation of the electronic media, such as the Internet, in their newsrooms. The term media convergence originated in an attempt to give meaning to the phenomenon whereby different media forms come together or exist in synergy with each other. The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of media convergence from a newspaper perspective. The focus is firstly on developments on the international media front, whereafter the emphasis is on South Africa. A Research/field study is aimed at determining the knowledge and perceptions of media convergence of the editorial teams of Media24’s three Afrikaans sister newspapers – Beeld, Die Burger and Volksblad. Different definitions of media convergence were considered in an effort to formulate an appropriate definition for the purpose of this study. In terms of this definition media convergence entails the coming together or synergy between different media entities within the same company. A technologically advanced environment with digital multimedia content management systems is conducive to successful convergence. The characteristics of the digital and multimedia newsroom are discussed in a separate chapter. A literature study was undertaken to give an overview of international media convergence practices and existing research on the topic. The focus is not only on how media convergence manifests itself in different parts of the world, but also on the attitudes toward and perceptions of the phenomenon by journalists. The South African media landscape and examples of convergence is discussed, with specific reference to Media24, owner of Beeld, Die Burger and Volksblad. Non-empirical research by means of a survey amongst 60 respondents was conducted to test the knowledge and perceptions of the editorial teams of these three newspapers on media convergence. Multimedia newsrooms operated with the assistance of digital technology is a common phenomenon in many countries. Cooperation across media also exist in the majority of newsrooms in South Africa, but the phenomenon is not as conceptualised locally as in the rest of the world. Differences in the structures of media companies, as well as divergent legislation, have a significant effect on how media convergence manifests itself in a specific country or newsroom.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of South Africa, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the history and development of motoring publications in South Africa since the start of the twentieth century. An important aspect of the study is the examination of the profitability of specialist motoring publications that are in direct competition with motoring sections in newspapers, radio and television. The ability of the motoring media to draw advertisements - especially from the car manufacturers - is also scrutinised. In this study the problems encountered by journalists seeking information or feed-back from certain car manufacterers, are highlighted. The study also covers new technical developments such as the Internet and the numerous new motoring websites and closes with case studies of two new ventures; one which was successful, another which failed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handeloor die ontstaansgeskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die verskillende motortydskrifte en ander motorpublikasies in Suid-Afrika vanaf die begin van die twintigste eeu. 'n Belangrike aspek van die studie behels die ondersoek na die winsgewendheid van spesialispublikasies wat direk met motorbylaes in koerante, die radio en televisie kompeteer. Die vermoë van spesialispublikasies om advertensies te genereer, veral advertensies van motorvervaardigers, kom onder die soeklig. In die studie word ook gewys op die probleme waarmee motorjoernaliste te doen kry wanneer hulle inligting of terugvoer van sommige motorvervaardigers verlang. Die studie betrek ook nuwe ontwikkelings soos die Internet en die talle motorwebwerwe wat feitlik daagliks verrys en sluit af met twee gevallestudies van 'n suksesvolle en onsuksesvolle onderneming.

Cette étude traite une question de grande importance en jetant la lumière sur la presse électronique arabe et fait la comparaison avec la presse digitale européenne et américaine, à travers la connaissance du phénomène de la presse électronique, ses caractéristiques, ses aspects négatifs et la situation des journalistes et leurs syndicats, leur engagement dans la déontologie professionnelle à travers leur travail dans la presse électronique.L'étude traite la faiblesse de la presse électronique arabe, son incapacité à faire la concurrence avec les journaux digitaux européens et américains. Elle jette la lumière sur les raisons de cette faiblesse, les aspects négatifs de la presse électronique arabe à cause de la faiblesse des réseaux de l'Internet et la faiblesse de ses utilisateurs dans le monde arabe, à cause de la domination des régimes arabes qui considèrent la presse électronique comme ennemie de sa domination sur la liberté de l'expression. / This study deals with an issue of great importance in shedding light on Arabic electronic media and makes the comparison with European and American digital press, through the knowledge of the phenomenon of electronic media, its features, its negative aspects and the situation of Journalists and their unions, their commitment to professional ethics through their work in the electronic media.The study discusses the weaknesses of the Arab electronic media, its inability to compete with European and American digital newspapers.It sheds light on the reasons for these weaknesses, the negative aspects of Arab electronic media because of the weakness of the Internet networks and the few number of its users in the Arab world because of the domination of Arab regimes consider electronic media as an enemy of its rule on freedom of expression.

Cette thèse doctorale s’intéresse aux concepts de ‘centre’ et de ‘périphérie’ dans la littérature brésilienne contemporaine et sur le marché éditorial brésilien et international. Centrée sur l’œuvre de quatre auteurs brésiliens contemporains (Rodrigo Ciríaco, Marcelino Freire, Ana Paula Maia et Patrícia Melo), aux parcours personnels et artistiques variés, cette recherche montre que les auteurs en question peuvent être positionnés à des points différents dans un continuum entre le pôle ‘centre’ et le pôle ‘périphérie’. Ainsi, contre toute logique dichotomique, les différentes configurations identitaires de ces auteurs, qui se situent plus ou moins près du ‘centre’ ou de la ‘périphérie’, se construisent à travers leur relation avec chaque pôle. Ce travail de recherche commence par considérer la literatura periférica en tant que terminus a quo, et ce d’un point de vue qui ne se limite pas à une approche chronologique ou historico-culturelle : on étudie également la restructuration (ou déstructuration ?) progressive de la relation osmotique entre l’écriture et l’espace caractéristique de cette littérature. On note par exemple les œuvres d’une écrivaine comme Patrícia Melo, où la périphérie n’est qu’un simple scénario de fond. Enfin, cette thèse s’intéresse à l’influence d’auteurs brésiliens, en particulier les représentants de la literatura periférica, sur le marché éditorial international, sous l’angle de la traduction et de la participation à des événements culturels internationaux comme la Foire du Livre de Francfort et le Salon du Livre de Paris. / Starting from the concepts of the centre and the periphery, this thesis analyses their representation in Brazilian contemporary literature and their relationship in the Brazilian and international publishing market. Focusing on four Brazilian contemporary writers with different personal and creative paths – Rodrigo Ciríaco, Marcelino Freire, Ana Paula Maia e Patrícia Melo – this research aims to demonstrate that they can be placed on an imaginary line, which develops through multiple gradations. Therefore, this continuum is opposed to a binary opposition’s point of view. From this perspective, the emergence of a new literary movement from the suburbs of Brazilian big cities, the literatura periférica, is analyzed in order to try to understand how it is different, or not, from other literary discourses. Finally, the thesis observes the presence of Brazilian writers, especially exponents of literatura periférica, in the international publishing market, through their translation and participation in major international cultural events such as Frankfurt Book Fair and Paris Book Fair.

This study aimed to identify the influences on the development and sustainability of education for librarianship and information management. It analysed the factors that contribute to the development of education for librarianship and information management, drawing on theories of change management and the transfer of innovation, and the contextual factors suggested by theories of comparative librarianship. The investigation of these factors focused on a case study of developments in Iraq up to 2003. It examined education for librarianship and information management against the background of the creation of the country’s library and information services, and the broader context of its national, economic, and social development. It also considered trends in international perspectives on library development, and the advice and assistance offered to Iraq. To provide a benchmark for developments in Iraq, it contrasted developments there with brief summaries of parallel developments in other Arab countries and in the cognate field of education for archives and records management in Iraq. It drew evidence from the published literature, previously unexplored archival material, and discussions with some of the participants. From an evaluation of the evidence, the study developed models of the value chain in developing education in the field, illustrating the complex interactions that need to be considered. These represent the generic factors that appear critical to the sustainable development of education for librarianship and information management not only in developing countries but also in countries that are seeking to strengthen the foundations of education in this field. The conclusions also pointed to a number of specific issues that fostered or hindered development in Iraq, including trends in international assistance. The study calls for further work including investigating the impact of traditional and cultural attitudes on the development of education in the field, and understanding of how future generations of LIS professionals in Iraq could develop as change agents.

abstract: In the preface to his 1852 Dictionary of Domestic Medicine and Household Surgery, Spencer Thompson wrote: "But health will fail, either in old or young, and accidents will happen, in spite of the most careful precaution." With this concise statement, Thompson summarized the universal human desire to combat illness, injury, and hurt with action and knowledge. The more efficient ability to spread ideas and technology in nineteenth-century Britain led to increased production and use of home remedy books. Although women traditionally represented the agents of remedy and care within the domestic sphere (centuries prior to the nineteenth century), a struggle between the supposed inherent nurturing capabilities of womanhood and the professional medical realm occurred within the rhetoric of the home remedy genre during this period. Cultural mores allowed and pushed women to take up duties of nursing in the home, regardless of advice given by male physicians like Thomas John Graham, W.B. Kesteven, and Ralph Gooding. Despite remedy book physician-authors' attempts to dictate appropriate medical care in the home through the writing of home remedy books, British women read, interpreted, and used home remedy books in ways that undermined medical control. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. History 2011

abstract: The Victorian era was the age of museum development in the United States. In the wake of these institutions, another important figure of the nineteenth century emerged--the flâneur. The flâneur represents the city, and provided new mechanisms of seeing to the public. The flâneur taught citizens how to gaze with a panoptic eye. The increasing importance of cultural institutions contributed to a new means of presenting power and interacting with the viewing public. Tony Bennett's exhibitionary complex theory, argues that nineteenth-century museums were institutions of power that educated, civilized, and through surveillance, encourage self-regulation of crowds. The flâneur's presence in the nineteenth century informed the public about modes of seeing and self-regulation--which in turn helped establish Bennett's theory inside the museum. The popular writing and literature of the time provides an opportunity to examine the extent of the exhibitionary complex and the flâneur. One of the most prominent nineteenth-century authors, Henry James, not only utilizes museums in his work, but he often uses them in just the manner Bennett puts forth in his theory. This is significant because the ideas about museums in James's work shaped the minds of an expanding literary public in the United States, and further educated, civilized, and regulated readers. James also represents the flâneur in his writing, which speaks to broader cultural implications of the both exhibitionary complex on the outside world, and the effects of broader cultural influences on the museum. Beyond the impact of James's work, in the late nineteenth century American culture increasingly became centered around the printed word. The central position of books in American culture at the end of the nineteenth century allowed books and libraries to appropriate the exhibitionary complex and become tools of power in their own right. The book and the library relate to the museum as part of a larger cultural environment, which emerged as a result of modernity and a response to the ever-changing nineteenth-century world.   / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. History 2011

abstract: Tobias Smollett was an eighteenth-century surgeon, writer, novelist, and editor. He was a Scotsman who sought his fortune in south Briton. Throughout his life and career he experienced many of the cultural and political influences that helped to shape the British identity. His youth as a Lowland Scot, student and apprentice, and naval surgeon enabled him to embrace this new identity. His involvement in nearly every aspect of the publishing process in London enabled him to shape, define, and encourage this identity. His legacy, through his works and his life story, illustrates the different ways in which the United Kingdom and its inhabitants have been perceived throughout the centuries. As a prominent man of his time and an enduring literary figure to this day, Smollett offers an ideal prism through which to view the formation of the British identity. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. History 2011

abstract: Although open access publishing has been available since 1998, we know little regarding scholars' perceptions and practices toward publishing in open access outlets, especially in the social science community. Open access publishing has been slow to penetrate the field of education, yet the potential impact of open access could make this publishing method an important innovation for understanding how to support the publishing needs of education scholars. To discover these perceptions and practices that education scholars have toward open access publishing, a 51-item web-based survey was provided to scholars with known investment in open access publishing. Participants had either (1) a publication in one of 34 United States education-based open access journals or (2) a manuscript submitted for peer review in one of those 34 journals. The survey contained subscales focusing on contemporary open access themes--issues identified through a comprehensive analysis of the major outlets for scholarly news in education. Through open and axial coding, several themes were extracted. They included rights and ease of access, ease of publishing, costs, support from colleagues and administrators, and perceived quality of open access outlets. The survey showed moderate to high reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Correlation and MANOVA testing showed significant results in scholars' teaching status and peer review status of manuscripts. Additional findings indicated that non-tenured education scholars responded more strongly than tenured scholars to issues related to rights and ease of access, promotion, and quality. Scholars with manuscripts currently in peer review felt strongly about themes of rights and ease of access, cost, and promotion. The results imply the following: (1) If scholars want their research read by a wider audience, they should publish in open access journals. (2) Pro-open access policies and procedures could gain more support by ensuring open access is promoted to non-tenured scholars seeking to publish. (3) More research, forums, discussions, and education about open access need to occur in greater abundance to continue to ameliorate scholars' views about the benefits of open access publishing. (4) Institutions and departments can offer their unconditional support for open access publishing as a method of meeting promotion/tenure requirements. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Psychology 2012

The global trends of democratisation and privatisation that swept much of the developing world in the 1980s and 1990s led to significant changes in the conceptualisation, organisation and performance of the media. In Africa democratisation attained a new meaning with associated processes of liberalisation of broadcasting to end the monopoly of broadcasting by the state. The private media of the liberalised market is increasingly putting the public media system, both broadcast and print, under serious competition, and forcing them to adjust to changing circumstances. The New Vision newspaper in Uganda is one such public service media organisations that are owned by the state and yet have to compete in the new more democratic and liberalised environment. This study set out to explore the extent to which state-ownership impacts on The New Vision’s social role. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods of date collection, I have established the that although The New Vision is a public service medium for which government remains the major source of news, it does not in most cases give the state more or preferentially prominent coverage at the expense of other interest groups in society. On contrary, basing of the amount of coverage of civil society I established that The New Vision enabled the various groups public sphere to interact. The newspaper to an extent also plays the democratic role of monitoring government although there was little evidence of monitoring of corporate abuse. The nature of The New Vision Statute, and the global trends that have changed the conduct of official and private business, have rendered the theories on the 1980s’ development media theories increasingly inapplicable, forcing The New Vision to develop its own version of development journalism that is socially relevant. The study recommends that whereas much of The New Vision Statute is progressive, sections of it should be removed to protect the newspaper from being manipulated by government functionaries, if the it is to continue enabling the public sphere. The newspaper should also increase its monitoring of corporate abuse, and make internal reforms to improve the coverage of development related issues.