Viele Länder des globalen Südens erleben aktuell die doppelte Dynamik von rasanter Urbanisierung und globaler Umweltveränderung. Die Schaffung nachhaltiger und widerstandsfähiger Städte ist ein globales Ziel der UN (SDG11). Die Urbanisierung wird mit zahlreichen Vorteilen auf gesellschaftlicher und individueller Ebene in Verbindung gebracht. Gleichzeitig birgt sie jedoch negative Auswirkungen auf die natürlichen Ressourcen, kann städtische Versorgungssysteme überfordern und neue Verwundbarkeiten schaffen. Da die verschiedenen Herausforderungen miteinander verknüpft sind, bedarf es eines interdisziplinären Forschungsansatzes. Im Laufe des letzten Jahrzehnts hat sich der Food-Water-Energy (FWE)-Nexus für sektorübergreifende Analysen etabliert. In dieser Dissertation wird ein Beitrag zum Verständnis des FWE-Nexus in schnell urbanisierenden Regionen des globalen Südens geleistet und es werden Defizite in der aktuellen Debatte adressiert. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Millionenstadt Pune in Indien. Um ein umfassendes Systemverständnis zu erlangen, wird in Zusammenarbeit mit lokalen Stakeholdern zunächst eine Sammlung von 22 FWE-Herausforderungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen erstellt. In den anschließenden vertieften Analysen werden ausgewählte urbanisierungsbezogene Herausforderungen untersucht, insbesondere die zukünftige Entwicklung des Stadtwachstums und die Zuwanderung nach Pune. Letztere ist einer der wichtigsten Wachstumstreiber. Zu diesem Zweck wird ein neuartiger Modellierungsansatz vorgestellt, bei dem nationale sozioökonomische Szenarien auf die Stadtebene herunterskaliert, und in räumlich explizite Darstellungen von bebauter Fläche und Bevölkerungsdichte übersetzt werden. Diese erlauben Analysen potenzieller FWE-Nexus-Herausforderungen in Zukunft. Die Untersuchung der Zuwanderung nach Pune basiert auf qualitativen und quantitativen Datenquellen mittels Mixed-Methods-Verfahren. Das in allen Szenarien erwartete signifikante Stadtwachstum ist mit einer Konzentration des Ressourcenbedarfs in der Stadt, einem erheblichen Verlust an fruchtbarem Land und einer Zunahme von Überschwemmungsrisiken verbunden. In Bezug auf Zuwanderung nach Pune spielt der Klimawandel in Form von Dürren eine signifikante, wenn auch unterbelichtete, Rolle. Neuankömmlinge, die aus dem ländlichen Raum oder aus anderen Bundesländern stammen, sowie jene, die gegenwärtig in informellen Siedlungen leben, waren zum Zeitpunkt der Migrationsentscheidung überproportional stark von Dürren betroffen. Die Analysen beleuchten die bidirektionalen Verflechtungen zwischen Urbanisierung und FWE-Nexus-Aspekten: Die wachsende Stadt ist bereits heute Treiber und zugleich Leidtragende von FWE-Nexusproblemen. Diese müssen umfassend angegangen werden, um Wege zu einer nachhaltigen und resilienten urbanen Zukunft zu sichern.:1. General Introduction: Context, Approach, and Summary of Results 1.1. Background and Research Motivation 1.2. Case study site Pune 1.3. Knowledge Gaps 1.4. Problem Definition and Research Questions 1.5. Research Approach and Methodological Overview 1.5.1. Identification of the main sustainability challenges related to urbanization 1.5.2. Modeling of future urban growth 1.5.3. In-depth investigation of mobility to Pune 1.5.4. Integration 1.6. Summary and Linking of Results 1.6.1. Results of Paper 1 1.6.2. Results of Paper 2 1.6.3. Results of Paper 3 1.7. Discussion 1.8. Conclusion and Outlook Paper 1: Capturing Stakeholders’ Challenges of the Food–Water–Energy Nexus— A Participatory Approach for Pune and the Bhima Basin, India Paper 2: On Farmland and Floodplains – Modeling Urban Growth Impacts Based on Global Population Scenarios in Pune, India Paper 3: Exploring the Relationship Between Droughts and Rural-to-urban Mobility – a Mixed-Methods Approach for Pune, India Appendix / Many countries in the global South are experiencing the combined dynamics of rapid urbanization and global environmental change. The provision of sustainable and resilient cities is a declared global goal (SDG11). Urbanization has been associated with multiple benefits on societal and individual level. However, it can also entail adverse impacts on natural resources, overstrain supply systems, and create new vulnerabilities. The interlinked nature of challenges requires an interdisciplinary research approach. Over the last decade, the Food-Water-Energy (FWE) nexus has been popularized for inter-sectoral analyses. This thesis attempts to add to the understanding of the FWE nexus in rapidly urbanizing regions of the global South and to address shortcomings in the current debate. The work is centered around the emerging megacity of Pune in India. For a comprehensive understanding of the system under investigation, a set of 22 FWE challenges on various levels is co-produced with local stakeholders. Subsequent analyses investigate selected urbanization-related challenges in-depth, namely future trajectories of the city’s growth and in-migration as one of its main drivers. To that end, a novel modeling approach is presented, downscaling established high-level socioeconomic scenarios to the city level and translating them into built-up area mapped by a cellular automaton. Population surfaces are then generated via dasymetric mapping. The resulting spatial configurations of built-up and population scenarios are analyzed in terms of potential FWE nexus challenges. The analysis of in-migration to Pune is based on qualitative and quantitative data sources and their mixed methods analysis. The significant demographic, economic, and spatial growth expected in all scenarios is associated with a concentration of resource demands in the city, significant loss of fertile land, and an increase in flood-affected population and infrastructure. As to in-migration, climate change has played a role in mobility to Pune in the form of droughts, especially for recent arrivals. Rural-origin migrants, those who came from other states, and who currently live in informal settlements were disproportionately affected by droughts at origin. The results shed light on the bidirectional interlinkages between urbanization and FWE nexus issues: Today already, the growing city of Pune drives, and suffers from, nexus challenges. These have to be addressed comprehensively in order to secure pathways to a sustainable and resilient urban future.:1. General Introduction: Context, Approach, and Summary of Results 1.1. Background and Research Motivation 1.2. Case study site Pune 1.3. Knowledge Gaps 1.4. Problem Definition and Research Questions 1.5. Research Approach and Methodological Overview 1.5.1. Identification of the main sustainability challenges related to urbanization 1.5.2. Modeling of future urban growth 1.5.3. In-depth investigation of mobility to Pune 1.5.4. Integration 1.6. Summary and Linking of Results 1.6.1. Results of Paper 1 1.6.2. Results of Paper 2 1.6.3. Results of Paper 3 1.7. Discussion 1.8. Conclusion and Outlook Paper 1: Capturing Stakeholders’ Challenges of the Food–Water–Energy Nexus— A Participatory Approach for Pune and the Bhima Basin, India Paper 2: On Farmland and Floodplains – Modeling Urban Growth Impacts Based on Global Population Scenarios in Pune, India Paper 3: Exploring the Relationship Between Droughts and Rural-to-urban Mobility – a Mixed-Methods Approach for Pune, India Appendix

Since the development and implementation of Participatory Budgeting (PB) as a democratic process adhering to civic improvement demands through municipal budget allocations, it promised great potential as a governance tool. Its core intentions are inclusion, participation and the redistribution of wealth to serve vulnerable members of society. Since India has the second greatest unequal wealth distribution in the world, the implementation of PB seemed promising. Surprisingly, however, Pune is currently the only city with an actively utilized PB mechanism, which indicates various inefficiencies, discrepancies and intentional dualities, resulting in exclusion, low participation and the misappropriation of resources. The purpose and intentions of PB are therefore ultimately reversed, however still it is still labeled as PB due to the lack of a standardized and recognized PB definition. This study utilizes in-depth interviews and data sources provided by various members of the two Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) currently or previously active in PB in Pune. The outcome is a clear depiction of the NGO perspective upon the core intentions of PB, identifying two main hurdles to participation, which remains unattested due to a lack of governmental will. Contributions are made through the development of a definition, the expansion of existing participation theory in the unique context of governmental resistance in a developing country and practical recommendations for the city of Pune.

This thesis is structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

This thesis is the result of a final project work carried out by Anna Friestedt and Kristin Sjövall during the spring semester of 2006. The purpose of this work is to investigate in what ways the Indian city Pune is working towards ecological sustainability within the fields of housing and transporting. The work contains a case study of an area in Pune called Magarpatta City. The report is split into four parts. First, laws and regulations both in Sweden and in India that concern ecologically sustainable development are presented. Second, an explanation on existing solutions within housing and transporting in Pune follows, later specified details concerning the case study in Magarpatta City is presented and finally this is analysed. Pune is in many ways working to improve their ways of ecologically sustainable development. In India, and Pune, there are several laws and regulations to regulate sustainable development. Unfortunately it has been a long time since these laws and regulations were updated and by doing so one might achieve sustainability. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) has many projects on the go to improve the city environmentally. PMC has brought out an Eco-housing concept which promotes a more ecological way of building. The concept makes it easier for private builders to get a bank loan if the construction is considering several eco-friendly aspects. To achieve more houses constructed in an eco-friendly way Pune and India are in the need of more pilot projects showing eco-friendly materials and construction techniques. PMC is also taking decisions in how to transform the public transportation system to a more environmentally sustainable one. Several different transportations systems are under evaluation. After our time in Pune our meaning is that the Bus Rapid Transit system is the most cost efficient one to implement in Pune. Magarpatta City is an area in Pune that is developed considering the concept ‘walk-to-work and walk-to-school’. The area has made many efforts towards ecological sustainability and is probably the best area in Pune, as well as in all of India, to do a case study at, in the aspect of ecological sustainable housing and transporting. / Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört av Anna Friestedt och Kristin Sjövall under vårterminen 2006. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka på vilka sätt den indiska staden Pune arbetar med ekologisk hållbar utveckling i områdena husbyggnation och trafikplanering samt utföra en fallstudie på ett område kallat Magarpatta City beläget i Pune. Arbetet har utmynnat i fyra huvuddelar. Inledande tas upp vilka lagar och förordningar som finns i det svenska respektive indiska systemet. Sedan presenteras på vilka sätt Pune eftersträvar ekologiskt hållbar utveckling inom områdena husbyggnation och transportplanering. Därefter följer en fallstudie av området Magarpatta City där deras lösningar och system tas upp. Avslutande diskuteras det nuvarande systemen och förslag på förbättringsmöjligheter presenteras. Under vår tid i Indien har vi sett att Pune på många sätt arbetar för ekologisk hållbar utveckling. I Indien och Pune finns ett antal lagar och förordningar som styr åt vilket håll utvecklingen bör gå. Tyvärr var det länge sedan många av dessa lagar uppdaterades, så för att bli mer ekologiskt hållbara bör de revideras. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC, motsvarar kommunen) har tagit fram ett eco-housing koncept där de främjar ett mer ekologisk byggande genom att göra det enklare för privatpersoner att få banklån om de tar hänsyn till ett antal parametrar som bidrar till ett mer hållbart samhälle. För att främja ekologiskt byggande behöver Pune och Indien pilotprojekt som visar ekologiskt hållbara material och konstruktionslösningar. PMC arbetar även med att besluta hur de ska förändra det kommunala transportsystemet till att bli ett mer ekologiskt hållbart sådant. Flera olika system utvärderas för närvarande. Efter våra veckor i Pune har vi kommit fram till att Bus Rapid Transit troligtvis är det mest kostnadseffektiva systemet att arbeta vidare med. Visserligen krävs speciella filer för bussarna och plats på de existerande gatorna är något som Pune inte har gott om, men det behövs förutom det minimalt med investering, ingen räls eller tunnelbana. Området Magarpatta City i Pune är uppbyggt kring konceptet ’gå-till-jobbet’ och ’gå-till-skolan’. Det har i området på många sätt arbetats med ekologisk hållbarhet och är troligtvis det bästa området i Pune, såväl som i hela Indien, att utföra en fallstudie på rörande ekologiskt hållbar husbyggnation och transportplanering.

<p>This thesis is the result of a final project work carried out by Anna Friestedt and Kristin Sjövall during the spring semester of 2006. The purpose of this work is to investigate in what ways the Indian city Pune is working towards ecological sustainability within the fields of housing and transporting. The work contains a case study of an area in Pune called Magarpatta City.</p><p>The report is split into four parts. First, laws and regulations both in Sweden and in India that concern ecologically sustainable development are presented. Second, an explanation on existing solutions within housing and transporting in Pune follows, later specified details concerning the case study in Magarpatta City is presented and finally this is analysed.</p><p>Pune is in many ways working to improve their ways of ecologically sustainable development. In India, and Pune, there are several laws and regulations to regulate sustainable development. Unfortunately it has been a long time since these laws and regulations were updated and by doing so one might achieve sustainability.</p><p>Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) has many projects on the go to improve the city environmentally. PMC has brought out an Eco-housing concept which promotes a more ecological way of building. The concept makes it easier for private builders to get a bank loan if the construction is considering several eco-friendly aspects. To achieve more houses constructed in an eco-friendly way Pune and India are in the need of more pilot projects showing eco-friendly materials and construction techniques. PMC is also taking decisions in how to transform the public transportation system to a more environmentally sustainable one. Several different transportations systems are under evaluation. After our time in Pune our meaning is that the Bus Rapid Transit system is the most cost efficient one to implement in Pune.</p><p>Magarpatta City is an area in Pune that is developed considering the concept ‘walk-to-work and walk-to-school’. The area has made many efforts towards ecological sustainability and is probably the best area in Pune, as well as in all of India, to do a case study at, in the aspect of ecological sustainable housing and transporting.</p> / <p>Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört av Anna Friestedt och Kristin Sjövall under vårterminen 2006. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka på vilka sätt den indiska staden Pune arbetar med ekologisk hållbar utveckling i områdena husbyggnation och trafikplanering samt utföra en fallstudie på ett område kallat Magarpatta City beläget i Pune.</p><p>Arbetet har utmynnat i fyra huvuddelar. Inledande tas upp vilka lagar och förordningar som finns i det svenska respektive indiska systemet. Sedan presenteras på vilka sätt Pune eftersträvar ekologiskt hållbar utveckling inom områdena husbyggnation och transportplanering. Därefter följer en fallstudie av området Magarpatta City där deras lösningar och system tas upp. Avslutande diskuteras det nuvarande systemen och förslag på förbättringsmöjligheter presenteras.</p><p>Under vår tid i Indien har vi sett att Pune på många sätt arbetar för ekologisk hållbar utveckling. I Indien och Pune finns ett antal lagar och förordningar som styr åt vilket håll utvecklingen bör gå. Tyvärr var det länge sedan många av dessa lagar uppdaterades, så för att bli mer ekologiskt hållbara bör de revideras.</p><p>Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC, motsvarar kommunen) har tagit fram ett eco-housing koncept där de främjar ett mer ekologisk byggande genom att göra det enklare för privatpersoner att få banklån om de tar hänsyn till ett antal parametrar som bidrar till ett mer hållbart samhälle. För att främja ekologiskt byggande behöver Pune och Indien pilotprojekt som visar ekologiskt hållbara material och konstruktionslösningar. PMC arbetar även med att besluta hur de ska förändra det kommunala transportsystemet till att bli ett mer ekologiskt hållbart sådant. Flera olika system utvärderas för närvarande. Efter våra veckor i Pune har vi kommit fram till att Bus Rapid Transit troligtvis är det mest kostnadseffektiva systemet att arbeta vidare med. Visserligen krävs speciella filer för bussarna och plats på de existerande gatorna är något som Pune inte har gott om, men det behövs förutom det minimalt med investering, ingen räls eller tunnelbana.</p><p>Området Magarpatta City i Pune är uppbyggt kring konceptet ’gå-till-jobbet’ och ’gå-till-skolan’. Det har i området på många sätt arbetats med ekologisk hållbarhet och är troligtvis det bästa området i Pune, såväl som i hela Indien, att utföra en fallstudie på rörande ekologiskt hållbar husbyggnation och transportplanering.</p>

This thesis is structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-26T21:11:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVeronicaFernandez_DISSERT.pdf: 2346087 bytes, checksum: 1c989b753abbebd26a9cfbdd8d9413f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-29T23:05:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVeronicaFernandez_DISSERT.pdf: 2346087 bytes, checksum: 1c989b753abbebd26a9cfbdd8d9413f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T23:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVeronicaFernandez_DISSERT.pdf: 2346087 bytes, checksum: 1c989b753abbebd26a9cfbdd8d9413f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-12 / Esta pesquisa examina os elementos estil?sticos provenientes da m?sica folcl?rica da Regi?o da Puna, encontrados na Pune?a N?. 2, Op. 45 para Violoncelo Solo de Alberto Ginastera, com o objetivo de embasar violoncelistas interessados no seu estudo e na sua performance. Como procedimento metodol?gico, foram estudados autores como Aretz (2003, 2008), Aguilar (2007) e Fal? (2011), com o intuito de melhor compreender a m?sica folcl?rica da Regi?o da Puna e das culturas pr?-hisp?nicas, e Su?rez Urtubey (1967, 1972, 2003), que discorre sobre a vida e obra do compositor. A partir do levantamento bibliogr?fico, foram expostos ideias e conceitos que auxiliam o int?rprete a decodificar aspectos relevantes da obra. / This research sheds light on the stylistic elements originated from the region of Puna found in the Pune?a N?. 2, Op. 45 by Alberto Ginastera for Solo Cello in order to supply cellists with the background needed for the interpretation of the piece. As a methodological procedure authors such as Aretz (2003, 2008), Aguilar (2007) and Fal? (2011), Su?rez Urtubey (1967, 1972, 2003) were studied with the goal of better understanding the folk music of the Puna Region and the life and work of Ginastera. From the bibliographical research suggestions were drawn for the cellist interested in the performance and study of the work.

Café Culture is an ethnographic snapshot, taken in 2008, tracing the effects of globalisation from the perspective of young middle class urbanites in post-liberalisation Pune, India. It captures what was happening that sets this young generation apart – the first to grow up in post-liberalisation India – as a group in historical time, in relation to other life worlds in India, to 'Western' versions and as a rounded life world in itself. In 1991 India conclusively opened its economy to the global market economy. My ethnography shows that trends following economic liberalisation in unprecedented ways spurred changes that were already underway. It facilitated not only the emergence of a commodified leisure culture in the form of cafés, targeted at and appropriated by the young urban middle class, but also the creation of new fashions, more living space, national and international employment, mobility and economic independence. These tangible changes went hand in hand with transformations in practices and moral aesthetic standards. The young generation was challenging their parents' and wider society's values in order to negotiate who they wanted and felt they ought to be in their rapidly changing world. In their friendships, café culture activities, fashion choices, education and love lives they increasingly valued, encouraged and expected equality, freedom and the expression of individuality. However, the different chapters highlight that these trends were measured and limited by class- and generation-based practices and moral aesthetic standards which amended rather than negated older patriarchal arrangements predicated on the ideal of joint family life. The young café culture crowd was negotiating to follow their hearts, while preserving strong family bonds and inter-generational dependencies. They were thus modifying what it meant to be middle class Indians in our contemporary world of flow of people, capital, ideas, images, information and goods.

The author Mike Davis has labelled our entire globe as a planet of slums. This hesis aims to provide some insights to the research field of slum rehabilitation, and thus contribution to efforts to make our globe slum free. The United Nations states that security of tenure is one of the essential preconditions for improvements in slums. The statement comes with support from academic research, which highlights the relation between secure tenure and a slums physical quality. Out of these messages two hypotheses are formulated and tested throughout the thesis; one theoretical, the other empirical. The theoretical section holds that tenure should be studied according to property rights and tenure status, that interventions for slum rehabilitation should support the dwellers efforts of incremental development, that tenure is granted in both the informal and formal land market, and that there are several causalities between secure tenure and the quality of housing and infrastructure. The case study examines 208 informal settlements in terms of their living conditions in the city of Pune, India. The thesis draws on empirical data in the form of a citywide slum survey that has been made available by the non-governmental organisations, Maharashtra Action League and CHF International, both of which operate in Pune. The empirical section reveals that secure tenure does not influence housing quality at all, that secure tenure just slightly influences available infrastructure in a settlement, and that urban planners are able to support a sustainable and incremental rehabilitation of slums by focusing on tenure security.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a significant risk factor for peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer (GC). Apart from the virulent CagA genotype of H. pylori environmental and dietary factors influence disease outcomes. There have been no studies addressing these factors in Western India. Hence, we conducted a case control study enrolling PU, GC patients and controls at Pune, India. Methods: Risk factors for PU and H. pylori infection were assessed in participant interview. H. pylori status was assessed from stool by monoclonal antigen detection. To understand treatment effect, we followed 100 H. pylori positive patients. Results: We enrolled 190 PU patients, 125 Controls and 35 GU patients. Prevalence of H. pylori was 61% among symptomatic patients and 45% among controls. H. pylori infection (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.03-2.89), meat (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.75), fish (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.89) consumption, and family history of ulcer (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.60) were risk factors for PU. Consumption of snacks with alcohol (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.78) and history of anti-parasite treatment (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30-0.86) were protective factors against PU. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.39), meat consumption (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30-4.23), smoking (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.24-4.02), eating restaurant food thrice per week (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.39-10.23) and drinking non-filtered or non-boiled water (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23) were risk factors for H. pylori infection. Consumption of chili peppers (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.10-0.37) and concurrent parasite infestation (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.80) were protective against H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection was eradicated only in 53% (40/75) of treated patients. Conclusion: This study indicates that H. pylori infection is associated PU. Consumption of meat, fish and family history of PU are risk factors for PU. Lower SES, consumption of restaurant food, meat, non filtered water and smoking are risk factors for H. pylori infection. Consumption of chili peppers and concurrent parasite infestation are protective against H. pylori infectionwhile history of anti parasite treatment protects against PU. H. pylori were eradicated only in 53% of patients.