Återkomsten av religion i form av ortodox kristendom är ett intressant fenomen som kommer att undersökas i denna studie. Målet är att försöka förstå vilken roll har Rysk Ortodox Kyrka i identitetsskapandet och värderingsförändringar i ryskt samhälle samt analysera relation mellan kyrkan och de stora politiska aktörerna.

The aim of this paper is to study the course of events that led up to the 2021 legislation which allows Russian president Vladimir Putin to continue his presidential term until 2036. Based on the theoretic framework of historic institutionalism, the paper uses path dependence as the tool of analysis for the study. Using said tool, the paper aims to contribute to contemporary research on autocratization and provide new explanatory factors on what autocratization processes might look like. As such, the overall aim of the paper is to, with the aid of historical institutionalism and path dependence, explain the how’s and why’s in the autocratization process in Russia. By combining said analytic tool with a textual analysis methodology, the study finds distinct signs of path dependence during the time period studied.

This essay will examine Russia’s president Vladimir Putin and two of his speeches. The first speech is the one he held after the annexation of Crimea 2014 and the second speech is the one he held on the night of the invasion of Ukraine 2022. The speeches will be analyzed with the help of the rational choice theory while using a qualitative theory-consuming case study. Further the analysis uses two tools from the rational choice theory, self-interest and utility maximization. The aim is to get an explanation of Vldaimir Putin through the view of rational choice theory. The conclusion shows that Vladimir Putin is rational when applying his self-interest and utility maximization in the speeches. He is well aware of how he portrays himself to get the public's attention.

This paper analyses how Putin legitimizes his role conceptions in order to justify his annexation of Crimea. In order to reduce the likelihood of the foreign role being challenged while subscribing to the ego and alter expectations, it is necessary for decision makers to legitimize role perceptions. In this paper, the concept of role legitimation is developed and two mechanisms for legitimating roles are proposed. The first mechanism is ego expectations, namely the revival of roles from a specific period of time that is deeply embedded as an inalienable historical feature of the state. The second is alter expectations, namely the reproduction of international expectations in foreign policy discourse. To illustrate the argument, Putin's speech after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 is analyzed.

This work aims to provide an analysis of the potential for international cooperation between the United States and Russian Federation. It will employ analytical and empirical approach and will introduce a geopolitical perspective on bi-lateral relations between the two nations. It will include an analysis of geopolitical objectives and strategies of the two nations and identify areas where their respective interests converge as well as those where they diverge. Then, it will provide an in-depth analysis of the development of mutual relations during the era of Bush-Putin presidencies and during the era of Obama-Medvedev presidencies, in order to determine the various strategies that these two nations employ in bilateral relations with one another, as well as results of such strategies. This work will focus on the different impact of various policies on relations between the countries from a geopolitical perspective and will refer to geopolitical thinking, strategies and objectives of these two nations while analyzing various political initiatives. The overall purpose will then be to evaluate the potential for international cooperation as well as main obstacles to it. It will also assess the impact of leadership composition on the ability of these two nations to overcome differences in their approach...

Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in securitizing discourse of the USA and Russia: Role in the process of security policy formation of nuclear-armed states Abstract This master thesis deals with a political usage of securitization of weapons of mass destruction by presidents of the two most important nuclear powers - USA and Russian Federation. For this purpose, discursive analysis of speeches of both presidents during their first terms is performed, with a goal to identify and interpret the securitizational discourse. Result is the analysis of most common type of usage of WMD securitization for legitimization of foreign-political steps and goals of these states, and their comparison. Results of the analysis shows that in the case of the US, WMD securitization was being used mainly for legitimization of politics of active formation of international situation so it would fit the US interests. In the case of Russia on the other hand, analysed discourse was being used mainly for preservation of international status quo in as stable form as possible, due to priority of domestic situation. In both cases however, predominantly economical motivations for the use of analysed discourse can be argued.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has catalyzed a battle of perspectives and different framings of theconflict between both parties involved. The central figure of the framing on the Russian side hasbeen Vladimir Putin who through his discourse attempted to justify his war efforts by framing theinvasion as a civilizational conflict. Even though, there has been a growing body of literature that hasanalyzed the civilizational shift in discourse of Vladimir Putin. There has not been much theoreticalengagement with the “clash of civilizations” thesis outlined by Samuel P. Huntington (1993). Existing research on this topic remains limited due to the fact that the events covered in this thesis happenedlast year. This paper aims to fill gaps in existing research by analyzing Putin's Annexation Speech delivered on September 30, 2022, during the signing of treaties annexing four Ukrainian regions tothe Russian Federation. Employing Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional model (1989;1992;2010), this study provides a comprehensive analysis of Putin's Annexation Speech to ascertain theextent to which Putin utilized the "clash of civilizations". The main thesis of this paper is that Vladimir Putin largely built on the “clash of civilizations” concept in his speech to frame the conflict in aspecific way. Additionally, it is argued that the utilization of this rhetoric is likely to influence theconflict and preserve it at its current scale in the foreseeable future.

This work for students of the incumbent Russian President V.V. Putin, broadcast by Japanese national newspapers "Yomiuri" and "Asahi." Based on the analysis of newspaper publications and publications in the period November 2015 - June 2016 revealed the main characteristics of the image formed taking into account the specifics of the selected publications. Within the framework of the survey conducted among Japanese students at Osaka University in Osaka Japan, the image of Russia and the Russian president drawn up at the present stage is in the minds of the Japanese public. Based on the results of the search, the image of Putin, the newspaper publication being formed, and the image of the Japanese audience that really exists in the mind are compared. The obtained results allow to estimate the availability of information on how this occurs, and also to see the real picture of the ideas existing around the figure of V.V. Putin in Japan. / Данная работа рассматривает образ действующего президента России В.В. Путина, транслируемый японскими общенациональными газетами «Ёмиури» и «Асахи». На базе анализа газетных публикаций указанных изданий в период ноябрь 2015 – июнь 2016 г. выявлены главные характеристики формируемого образа с учетом специфики выбранных изданий. В рамках анкетирования, проведенного в среде японских студентов Осакского университета г. Осака Япония, составлен образ России и российского президента, существующих на современном этапе в сознании японской общественности. На основе полученных результатов, проведено сравнение образа Путина, формируемого газетными изданиями, и образа реально существующего в сознании японской аудитории. Полученные результаты позволяют оценить степень влияния газет на формирование японского общественного мнения в отношении России и ее действующего главы, а также увидеть реальную картину представлений, существующую вокруг фигуры В.В. Путина в Японии.

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