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No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 1034734 bytes, checksum: bc6e8d41685a4d8a69d4a437d235261b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of bureaucracy and relate them to existing elements of bureaucratic dysfunction in a unit of state government, under the Criminology, influencing the Quality of Work Life (QWL), considering the approaches humanist and restrictive in the context of General Coordination Skills (CGP) from the perception of crowded servers this unit Public Security. It used descriptive research through a qualitative case study approach, with a sample of forensic experts from the 'Hercílio Macellaro' Criminalistics Institute (ICHM), crowded in the capital, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The method of data collection adopted for the realization of bureaucratic dysfunction was a questionnaire with closed assertive alternative multiple choice, whose response model consists of four levels of gradation (always, often , seldom , never ), prepared from Maia and Pinto model (2007 ). At another point of the view, the questionnaire was administered presenting issues that addressed elements of QWL proposed by Werther and Davis model (1983 ), adapted for the present study. For this questionnaire, the questions were presented in polarized satisfaction Likert scale, consisting of five alternatives (totally disagree, partially disagree, neither agree nor disagree, partially agree and strongly agree), characterizing the opinion of the participant. The interpretation of the data allowed us to analyze the existence of four elements of bureaucratic dysfunction : internalization of rules, too formalistic, routines and records, resistance to change and display signs of authority. On one hand, the humanistic approach was possible to analyze the survey respondents show noise in communication, both vertically and horizontally, which indicates the need for more transparency and clarity as possible within and between departments and teams in these with superiors, to provide greater understanding between all involved and eliminating conflicts that may occur through misinformation. On the other hand, the analysis of the restrictive approach to QWL in this study allowed us to observe the predominance of instrumental rationality in organizational context of ICHM, since it is geared only to meet your organizational processes based on binomial technique versus production. One can thus consider that the ICHM is strongly connected to the bureaucratic organization model, exteriorized through four levels of bureaucratic dysfunctions. Moreover, as a pretext for the pursuit of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness, organizational praxis ICHM seems to converge to two models of production: Fordism and Taylorism , which reinforce the restrictive current of the QWL, which seem to confirm the maintenance of the objectification subject in relation to the object, that is, when it was thought that organic being could enjoy the technological development achieved in various sciences , paradoxically, what has been seen is the work as an end in itself. / O objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em identificar as dimensões da burocracia e relacioná-las aos elementos de disfunção burocrática existentes em uma unidade da administração pública estadual, no âmbito da Criminalística, que influenciam a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT), considerando as abordagens humanista e restritiva, no contexto da Coordenadoria Geral de Perícias (CGP), a partir da percepção dos servidores lotados nesta unidade da Segurança Pública. Utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso, com amostra constituída por peritos criminais do Instituto de Criminalística 'Hercílio Macellaro' (ICHM), lotados na Capital do Estado, Campo Grande - MS. O método de coleta de dados adotado para a constatação das disfunções burocráticas foi um questionário com assertivas fechadas de alternativas de múltipla escolha, cujo modelo de resposta compõe-se por quatro níveis de gradação (sempre, muitas vezes, poucas vezes, nunca), elaborado a partir do modelo de Maia e Pinto (2007). Em outro momento, foi aplicado o questionário apresentando questões que abordavam os elementos da QVT propostos por Werther e Davis (1983), adaptado para o presente estudo. Para este questionário, as questões foram apresentadas em escala polarizada de satisfação do tipo Likert, composta por cinco alternativas (discordo totalmente, discordo parcialmente, não concordo nem discordo, concordo parcialmente e concordo totalmente), caracterizando a opinião do participante. A interpretação dos dados permitiu analisar a existência de quatro elementos de disfunção burocrática: internalização das regras, excesso de formalismo, rotinas e registros, resistência às mudanças e exibição de sinais de autoridade. De uma lado, a abordagem humanista foi possível analisar que os respondentes da pesquisa evidenciam ruídos na comunicação, tanto vertical quanto horizontal, o que indica a necessidade de mais transparência e clareza possível dentro e entre as equipes nos departamentos e destes com os superiores hierárquicos, a fim de proporcionar maior entendimento entre todos os envolvidos e a eliminação de conflitos que possam ocorrer através de informações distorcidas. Por outro lado, a análise da abordagem restritiva sobre a QVT neste estudo permitiu observar a predominância da racionalidade instrumental no contexto organizacional do ICHM, uma vez que está voltada somente para atender a seus processos organizacionais fundamentados no binômio técnica versus produção. Pode-se, assim, considerar que o ICHM está fortemente ligado ao modelo de organização burocrática, exteriorizado por quatro níveis de disfunções burocráticas. Além disso, como pretexto pela busca da eficiência, eficácia e efetividade, a práxis organizacional do ICHM parece convergir para dois modelos de produção: fordista e taylorista, as quais reforçam a corrente restritiva da QVT, que parece confirmar a manutenção da coisificação do sujeito em relação ao objeto, isto é, quando se pensava que o ser orgânico pudesse desfrutar do desenvolvimento tecnológico alcançado em várias ciências, paradoxalmente, o que tem sido visto é o trabalho como um fim em si mesmo.

Este trabalho apresenta a percepção de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) dos empreendedores que estão vinculados ao Programa de Incubadoras Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo. A principal contribuição foi a identificação da satisfação dos empreendedores com a QVT, nas dimensões biopsicossocial e organizacional, e o mapeamento do Comportamento Alimentar (CA). Para os empreendedores, a iniciativa de abrir seu próprio negócio está relacionada à busca de prazer no trabalho. A opção por empreender faz que aumente sua carga horária de trabalho, diminua as atividades de lazer e passatempo com familiares, além de deixar a atividade física e os cuidados com saúde postergados para um futuro incerto. Esse ritmo de trabalho afeta constantemente o modo de vida dos trabalhadores, inclusive a pausa para refeições. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva pelos métodos quantitativo e qualitativo. Foram aplicados pessoalmente os questionários BPSO-96 para QVT e o Questionário de Hábitos Alimentares para CA. Os respondentes somam 72 empreendedores de Incubadoras de quatro municípios paulistas, uma amostra não-probabilística, sendo realizados três grupos focais. A maioria dos empreendedores da amostra são homens e estão com sobrepeso. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial não demonstram uma forte relação entre Comportamento Alimentar e QVT. Tanto os dados quantitativos quanto qualitativos mostram que os empreendedores percebem de forma positiva sua QVT. Percebem sua alimentação como saudável e estão satisfeitos com seu Comportamento Alimentar (CA). Pode-se, então, concluir que os empreendedores estão satisfeitos com sua QVT, principalmente, em sua dimensão organizacional e psicológica; atribuem à QVT um significado de realização pessoal, por estarem construindo sua empresa com sucesso. Foi identificada uma nova categoria habitabilidade como fator importante para a QVT. Não relacionam o Comportamento Alimentar à QVT. Possuem um padrão positivo de CA alinhado ao estilo de vida empresarial que possuem. Mesmo estando satisfeitos com sua alimentação, existe certa negligência com a dimensão biológica quando se trata da QV T, eles reconhecem uma não satisfação com relação às questões de promoção da saúde. Faz-se necessário investir em ações que promovam um desenvolvimento integrado das dimensões da QV T. / This work presents the perception of entrepreneurs\' Quality of Work at Life (QWL) who are linked to the Technological Incubators Program of São Paulo. The main contribution was the identification of entrepreneurs satisfaction with the QWL, in the biopsychosocial and organizational dimensions, and the mapping of Eating Behavior (EB). For the entrepreneurs, the initiative of opening their own business is related to the search of pleasure at work. The entrepreneurial option increases their workload, decreases their leisure activities and pastime with relatives postponing physical activity and health care to an uncertain future. This working pace constantly affects the workers way of life, including meal breaks. An exploratory and descriptive research was carried out through quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires BPSO- 96 for QWL and the Eating Habits Questionnaire for EB were completed. Participants are 72 incubators from four cities in the state of São Paulo, a non-probabilistic sample, carried out in three focal groups. Most male entrepreneurs of the sample are overweight. The results of Factor Analysis do not reveal a strong relation between Food Behavior and QWL. Both quantitative and qualitative data show that the entrepreneurs notice their QWL in a positive way, and are satisfied with it. They believe their food is healthy and are satisfied with their Eating Behavior (EB). It can be concluded that the entrepreneurs are satisfied with their QWL, mainly in their organizational and psychological dimension; they regard QWL as self- fulfillment, as they are building their company successfully. It was identified a new category liveability as an important factor to QWL. The participants do not relate the Eating Behavior to the QWL. They have a positive pattern of EB adapted to their business lifestyle. Even being satisfied with their eating, there is a certain neglect with the biological dimension regarding QWL; they recognize a non-satisfaction concerning health issues promotion. It is necessary to an integrated development of the QWL dimensions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Torres Mendes.pdf: 1866302 bytes, checksum: 66ef3b587c80c4d4910d7c02e440e786 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-12 / This work aims to generate knowledge directed to the accounting classification of the quality of work-life program (QWL) of interest to the entities that have chosen the programs. Original from Wellness (Miller-2005) in the aspects of physical, psychological health, relations and personal beliefs, extended to the relation between employees and employers Limongi-France (2010). Qualitative approach with interpretation based on QWL indicators and quantitative by the analysis of the financial statements of the companies that have won the National Quality Award and are registered in BMF&BOVESPA. Regarding the goals, exploratory work to provide larger familiarity with the accounting theory with aims to turn it, more explicit for future researches. The QWL administration, usually concentrated on multi-functional teams, Lombardi (2007) with aggregated functions of informing and explaining, and in this context, the programs are presented as Investment; How about to the financial report readers, how is it presented? The accounting systemic approach and the flexibility to supply differentiated information Iudícibus (2006) will assist us to fulfill this gap and to understand the theme QWL. Investment or expense? Work developed by the construction of framework models for accounting classification by the classifications Chapman (2006). In the searched companies QWL Indicators in the compulsory financial statements were not observed, probable absence and an informational asymmetry and other indicators are in the Social Balance. Observing budgetary factors, income return expectation and QWL evaluation proven in the proposed model, these programs didn t present characteristics of investment, possibly being classified as expense or intangible assets / Esta dissertação objetiva gerar conhecimento dirigido à classificação contábil dos Programas de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (PQVT) de interesse das entidades optantes pelos programas. Originária do Wellness (Miller, 2005) no conjunto dos aspectos de saúde física, psicológica, relações e crenças pessoais, extensivos à relação de empregados e empregadores (Limongi-França, 2010). Abordagem qualitativa com interpretação a partir de indicadores dos PQVT e quantitativo pela análise das demonstrações financeiras (DF) das empresas ganhadoras do Prêmio Nacional da Qualidade e registradas na BMF&BOVESPA. Quanto aos objetivos, trabalho exploratório para proporcionar maior familiaridade com a teoria contábil com vistas a torná-la mais explícita para futuras pesquisas. A administração dos PQVT, geralmente concentrada em equipes multifuncionais (Lombardi. 2007), com funções agregadas de informar e explicar e, neste contexto, os programas são apresentados como Investimento; e para os leitores dos balanços financeiros, como são apresentados? A abordagem sistêmica da contabilidade e a flexibilidade para fornecer informações diferenciadas (Iudícibus,2006) nos auxiliarão a preencher esta lacuna e entender o tema PQVT. Investimento ou Despesa?. Trabalho desenvolvido pela construção de quadros modelos para classificação contábil a partir das classificações Chapman (2006). Nas empresas pesquisadas não se observaram indicadores dos PQVT nas demonstrações financeiras obrigatórias, por ausência provável de assimetria informacional e outros indicadores constam do Balanço Social. Considerando-se fatores orçamentários, expectativa de retorno e avaliação dos PQVT demonstrados no modelo proposto, estes programas não apresentaram características de investimento, podendo ser classificados como despesa ou ativo intangível

L’usage des technologies dans les organisations publiques des pays africains tels que le Gabon, traduit le désir d’innover dans le travail pour améliorer la qualité des services destinés aux usagers et pour rendre aussi plus efficace les processus de travail. La littérature fait état d’un certain nombre d’apports, mais aussi de nombreux revers que ces innovations technologiques peuvent avoir tant sur le plan organisationnel que socio-professionnel des entreprises occidentales. L’impact de ces mutations technologiques dans l’Administration publique au Gabon n’a pas encore été étudié du point de vue de la psychologie du travail et des organisations. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’appréhender l’impact des technologies sur les facteurs de qualité vie au travail (QVT) ; et sur le bien-être et la santé psychologique dans un grand établissement ministériel. Dans cette perspective, deux études (mixant des approches qualitatives d’analyse et de compréhension de l’activité et quantitatives de mesure de la QVT et du bien-être) sont réalisées : avant et après l’informatisation du Ministère sur une population de 91 cadres fonctionnaires. La première étude (T1) met en lumière la situation socioprofessionnelle et psychosociale des cadres fonctionnaires avant l’implémentation des technologies. À ce titre, les entretiens semi-directifs révèlent que les cadres fonctionnaires exercent les activités selon la nature leurs fonctions. Les observations montrent que les conditions d’organisation du travail apparaissent particulièrement rigides et hiérarchisées. La présence et la prégnance de la « culture clanique » déterminent également les modalités de collaboration et d’échange au travail ; cela se caractérise notamment par des relations de travail de type communautaire où l’appartenance ethnique et/ou régionale joue un rôle prépondérant. Par ailleurs, les analyses sur la QVT indiquent que les cadres fonctionnaires présentent un niveau de bien-être psychologique relativement faible, mais perçoivent néanmoins positivement leurs différentes situations de travail. La seconde étude (T2) présente la situation socioprofessionnelle et psychosociale des cadres fonctionnaires six mois après l’implémentation des technologies. Nos analyses montrent que l’arrivée des technologies a engendré de profondes réorganisations sur le travail, réclamant des réajustements d’ordres socioprofessionnels, collectifs (collaboration et coordination plus importantes), organisationnels (marges de manœuvre et initiatives accrues) et personnels (efficacité, réactivité et rapidité dans l’exercice des tâches administratives). Les observations soulignent que les cadres fonctionnaires, confrontés à plusieurs contradictions révélées par l’analyse de leur système d’activité, mettent en place de nouvelles modalités d’action plus souples et flexibles. Les études statistiques indiquent que les technologies influencent plutôt positivement leur bien-être psychologique. Les dispositifs affectent aussi positivement la latitude décisionnelle des cadres fonctionnaires, mais engendrent paradoxalement une demande psychologique relativement élevée. Pour autant, les cadres fonctionnaires perçoivent positivement leurs situations de travail en contexte technologique. La culture nationale (clanique) qui perdure avec l’arrivée des outils, semble jouer un rôle médiateur, voire modérateur dans l’usage et les impacts des TIC sur le bien-être psychologique et la santé au travail des cadres fonctionnaires. En définitive, ces travaux de thèse apportent les clés de réflexion et d’analyse sur les liens entre la digitalisation de l’activité administrative et les concepts QVT, de bien-être et de santé dans les organisations publiques des pays en voie de développement africains tels que le Gabon. / The use of technology in public organizations in some African countries such as Gabon reflects a desire to improve quality of service for users and to make work processes more effective. Literature presents evidences that technological innovations in Western companies bring some advantages on both organizational and socio-professional levels, but also numerous negative impacts. The impact of technological change on occupational and organizational psychology in Public Administration in Gabon has not been studied yet. This thesis seeks to understand the impact of technologies on the Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) factors and on psychological health and well-being in a larger governmental department. In this perspective, two studies (involving a mix of qualitative approaches with analysis and comprehension of their occupations, and of quantitative approaches with the measurement of the QWL and well-being), based on 91 senior civil servants, have been conducted, before and after the Ministry was computerised.The first study (T1) highlights the senior civil servants’ socio-professional and psychosocial conditions prior to the implementation of new technologies. As such, semi-structured interviews show that senior civil servants do their jobs depending on the nature of their positions. Findings reveal particularly inflexible and hierarchical organisational conditions. The presence and the pregnance of the «clannish culture » also determine working arrangements and communicating, which is mainly characterized by community-based working relationships and where ethnicity and regional belonging play a major role. Furthermore, QWL survey data show a relatively low level of psychological well-being in senior civil servants even though they feel positively about their various work situations.The second study (T2) describes senior civil servants’ socio-professional and psychosocial status six months following the implementation of new technologies. Our analyses show that the introduction of new technologies has led to big changes in work organisation, such as restructuring on the socio-professional, collective (a better collaboration and coordination), organizational (enhanced flexibility and initiatives) and personal (efficiency, reactivity and rapidity in carrying out administrative tasks) levels. Findings underline that senior civil servants set up new, more flexible plans of action when facing the inconsistencies revealed by the study. Statistical studies show that new technologies have a fairly positive impact on their psychological well-being. Devices also positively affect senior civil servants’ flexibility in decision-making, but paradoxically lead to a relatively high psychological demand. Yet, senior civil servants see their working conditions as positive in the technological context. The national (clannish) culture, which persists even after the introduction of technological tools, seems to play a mediating and even moderating role in the use and the impacts of ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) on senior civil servants’ psychological well-being and occupational health.To conclude, this thesis work provides key elements of reflection and analysis on the links between digitization of administrative activity and the concepts of QWL, well-being and health in public organizations of African developing countries such as Gabon.