This case study research explores the effects of emotional support on four newly qualified Foundation Phase teachers in their first year of teaching, and how this affects their ability to teach reading. The research is qualitative and draws on data from from four sources to construct and interpret the different experiences of support within a conceptual framework derived from literature on the subject. The literature review is presented in two sections. Section 1 investigates the essential components of a reading programme to establish if the teachers were adequately prepared during pre-service training. Section 2 investigates the effects of support on newly qualified teachers‟ ability to teach. A key theme from Section 2 suggests that appropriate support positively affects first year teachers‟ ability to teach and implement the skills and knowledge acquired during pre-service training. Each teacher kept a journal, completed a questionnaire and was observed and interviewed between April and November 2008. The research draws out themes from the data about the support experienced by the participants during their first year and then correlates these experiences to their teaching of reading. Key findings suggest that these newly qualified teachers perceived themselves to be adequately prepared to teach reading but, without adequate support, they struggled to implement their newly acquired skills and knowledge and resorted to less effective strategies. This research seeks to add to the literature on how to support newly qualified teachers in their first year as a means to improving the teaching of reading in the Foundation Phase. in South African schools.

The purpose of this essay is to find out what new graduate teachers conceptions are of their own leadership in the classroom. The paper also aims to examine the different leadership styles the teachers perceive themselves to use. My study is based on qualitative data collected through interviews, where the informants are newly graduated teachers in grade 1 to 6. Using a qualitative approach has made it possible for me to get a deeper understanding of this study. I have also used previous research in this area where Arfwedson (1993), Franssons & Morbergs (2001) and Paulin (2007) presents a number of experiences that student teachers and recent graduate teachers has shared. My study shows that newly qualified teachers faces difficulties to conquer their newly acquired roles for different reasons. It is also shown that the newly qualified teachers have a tendency, at first to be too authoritarian in their leadership i.e. too hard or too laissez-faire in their leadership, which means that the leader is passive in the leading role. However, the informants from my study feel they have found themselves in their leading role today through practical experiences, and the balancing act required for the leadership in the classroom.

This study was designed to collect data to determine the specific characteristics (gender, level and area of degree status, certification status, pedagogical training, gender, number of years of teaching experience, number of years teaching at the current school, and courses currently taught) of language arts teachers at Florida's low-performing pubic high schools and compare these characteristics to teachers' sense of efficacy (the extent to which teachers' believe they have the ability to bring about changes in student achievement independent of the student's background, behaviors, or motivation level). A total of 615 teachers representing 84 schools in 36 districts participated in the study. Teachers completed a researcher-created survey questionnaire and the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale Long (Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, 2001). The data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression statistics.The majority of the respondents meet the minimum re quirements of highly qualified teachers as defined by NCLB. However, only 37% of responding language arts teachers at Florida's low-performing public high schools have degrees in English education, and only 15% of responding reading teachers have degrees in reading or reading education. Additionally, the majority of the responding teachers have been only been teaching at the school site for five or fewer years.Although the majority of responding teachers reported moderate to high sense of classroom management and instructional practice efficacy, over 43% reported low sense of student engagement efficacy, suggesting the teachers do not believe they possess the skills or knowledge necessary to engage students in learning. The study suggests that improving student achievement for our lowest-performing students may require more than providing students with highly qualified teachers defined by NCLB. Districts and schools must examine more closely the characteristics of highly effective teac hers in order to recruit and retain teachers who can truly impact student achievement for students who have previously demonstrated a lack of success. Additionally, schools would benefit from professional development designed to provide teachers with classroom strategies that engage students in learning and which helps develop a school-wide literacy culture reflecting high expectations for student achievement.

As part of the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act the federal government has added the requirement that all schools receiving Title I funds must have "highly qualified teachers" in every classroom. The term "highly qualified teacher" comes from the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. What exactly is a "highly qualified" teacher? This part of the law is widely debated throughout the fifty states, but most agree that a teacher's subject-matter knowledge and experience result in increased student achievement.(Ansell& McCase, 2003) Some states have made progress in meeting the "highly qualified" requirement of NCLB. However, most states have merely established the criteria for determining if a teacher is highly qualified (Keller, 2003). The Education Trust has called for clarification from the Department of Education on the guidelines for the teacher quality provision of the law. Ten states have put into law all the requirements of the federal law, 22 have done some work toward that goal, and 18 states still have a long way to go (Keller). With so many states still grappling with compliance to the law, this study may well give policy makers in those states options that are being used in other states to consider. In addition, the study focuses on middle school and the possible impact these requirements will have on staffing of middle schools. Policy makers would do well to look at this aspect closely since middle school is often where education "loses" many students to dropping out. Also, the middle school is where the greatest number of non-certified teachers are working and where the greatest percentage (44%) of teachers are teaching without even a minor in the subject they teach (Ingersoll, 2002).

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of National Board Certified Teachers on student performance on Mississippi’s Subject Area Testing Program (SATP) English II assessment, an end-of-course exam that assesses 10th grade students in Mississippi school districts. The researcher sought to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the SATP English II scores of two groups of students (those taught by National Board Certified Teachers and those who were not). If there was a difference, the researcher sought to determine how the difference could be explained based on selected teacher demographic data (sex, race, highest degree received, years of experience, and National Board Certification status) and selected student demographic data (sex; race; previous scores on the Mississippi Curriculum Test, Second Edition; and free- or reduced-lunch status). The results indicated that students who were taught by National Board Certified Teachers were more likely to have higher SATP English II scores than students who were taught by non-National Board Certified Teachers. Though previous researchers have concluded that teachers’ years of experience and highest degree received play a vital role in the difference in student achievement, this study did not confirm those findings. The results of this study, however, indicated that teacher and student demographic data were potentially important predictors of the language arts standardized test scores. Though these data can be used as predictors, the combined effect of teacher gender, teacher race, and years of experience, along with student race, student gender, student lunch status, and prior Mississippi Curriculum Test, Second Edition Language Arts scores were not found to be statistically significant in this study.

[Truncated abstract] It is essential to attract, recruit and retain quality teachers in rural and remote schools for provision of quality education to rural and remote students. A robust body of research confirms that teacher quality contributes to quality of education (Darling-Hammond, 2000; Hay McBer, 2000; Kaplan & Owings, 2002; OECD, 2002; Ramsay, 2000). Staffing histories of rural and remote schools identify persistent difficulties in recruiting and retaining teachers, but previous research has failed to address the experiences and perspectives of rural and remote teachers from the earliest phases of appointment, tracking their experiences over time. In times and places of persistent teacher shortages, teacher quality of worklife issues are paramount. Factors impacting on teacher quality of worklife may impact on teacher retention, staffing levels and ultimately the quality of education for children. For these reasons, this study aimed to develop substantive theory about the experiences of teachers commencing appointments in rural and remote schools by investigating the perspectives of novice, interstate and overseas-qualified teachers. The study sought to develop understandings of rural and remote teachers quality of worklife. In order to achieve this aime, the experiences of 29 teachers were examined, in four categories of teachers likely to be appointed to rural and remote locations: young novices; mature-aged novices; interstate; and overseas-qualified teachers in a qualitative collective case study. ... Awareness of the variety of factors in multiple environments, and the complex interplay between them, helps to account for the diversity of perspectives and quality of worklife outcomes for rural and remote teachers. Two theories were generated from ten propositions. The first theory, Quality of Worklife for Rural and Remote Teachers: Person-Environment Fit to Multiple Environments, identified protective and risk factors associated with workrole, workplace, organisation, geographic and socio-cultural community environments. The theory recognises spillover between work and non-work life experiences, impacting on quality of teacher worklife; however, factors directly associated with worklife impacted most significantly on quality of worklife. The second theory, Processes of Adaptation to Multiple Rural and Remote Environments, identified processes (teacher expectations, evaluations of environments, responses to environments) and coping strategies (direct-action, palliative and avoidant) as leading to one of four outcomes: integration; resilient integration; disequilibrium; and withdrawal. The case study findings offer original understandings of experiences of teachers newly appointed to rural and remote schools, through the development of theory about multiple environments teachers encounter and processes of adaptation associated with their relocation to rural and remote areas. The findings have implications for theory, policy and practice, and contribute new dimensions to the general quality of worklife literature.

La première partie de ce travail est une enquête historique menée à partir de sources variées. Le mouvement pédagogique habituellement nommé « pédagogie institutionnelle » est né en France dans les années 1960 et s’est rapidement divisé en deux courants, dont l’un est fortement influencé par la psychanalyse. Ce courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle s’est constitué autour des figures de Fernand Oury et Aïda Vasquez, auteurs en 1967 de Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle, dans lequel sont publiées six monographies commentées. L’auteur montre que l’écriture de monographies est une pratique ancienne dans le champ éducatif et prend sa source dans différentes champs. Cette pratique, largement répandue avant 1967, est renouvelée par le courant psychanalytique de la pédagogie institutionnelle à partir de 1962.Dans une deuxième partie, l’auteur inscrit ce travail dans une approche d’orientation psychanalytique. Questionnant son rapport à son objet de recherche, il s’appuie sur ses élaborations contre-transférentielles pour faire émerger ses questions de recherche. Il décrit ensuite un dispositif d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles qu’il met en place, en tant que formateur, dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants débutants du second degré. Dans ce dispositif qu’il propose de nommer « groupe monographique », les enseignants en formation sont invités à écrire des monographies. L’analyse d’un corpus de monographies produites dans ce cadre est à l’origine d’hypothèses sur les processus psychiques à l’œuvre pour les enseignants débutants dans leurs remaniements identitaires. / The first part of this study consists in undertaking a historical investigation drawing on various sources. The pedagogical movement usually referred to as “institutional pedagogy” rose up in France in the 1960’s and rapidly split up into two currents, one of them being strongly influenced by psychoanalysis. This psychoanalytical current of institutional pedagogy has been built up around the prominent figures of Fernand Oury and Aïda Vasquez, authors in 1967 of Vers une pédagogie institutionnelle, a book presenting six commentated monographs. Yet, writing monographs in pedagogy is an ancient practice that takes root in different fields. Such practice, well-spread before 1967, has been renewed by the psychoanalytical current of institutional pedagogy since 1962. In the second part, the author, from a psychoanalytical perspective, explores his link to his own research object. His research questions hence derive from countertransferential working-through. Afterwards, he describes a work group device that he has implemented as a teachers’ trainer to analyze the professional practices of newly qualified secondary school teachers. In what he proposes to call a “monographic group”, participants are invited to write professional monographs. By analyzing a corpus of monographs produced within this framework, the author then forms hypotheses on the psychical processes at work for newly qualified teachers regarding their identity changes.

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China's higher vocational education has flourished, and a large number of high-quality workers and highly skilled talents have been trained for the rapid development of China's economy and society. With the advent of industrial 4.0 eras, China has also opened a new journey to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and has also put forward higher requirements for the quality of higher vocational education. Teachers are the first resources of education, and the first priority of the development of education is the development of teachers. In order to improve the quality of higher vocational education, we must improve the quality of teachers in higher vocational education at first. At present, it has become an important issue that the quantity and quality of 'double-qualified' teachers cannot meet the needs of the development of higher vocational education in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the development of human resources of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges, to explore the system and the effective development strategy of 'double-qualified' teachers in order to enrich the theory of vocational and technical pedagogy and meet the needs of the development of higher vocational education. The 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges in this study are refer to the professional teachers who has good professional ethics, knowledge, ability, performance, and whose Professional and technical title in teachers and related profession is intermediate or above. In simple terms, the 'double-qualified' teacher of vocational education is a teacher who has both theoretical teaching and practical teaching capabilities. The development of human resources of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges refers to the activities of cultivating 'double-qualified' teachers, including formulating the policy of cultivating 'double-qualified' teachers, encouraging teachers to obtain the qualification of 'double-qualified' teachers, and carrying out the training planning and training activities of 'double-qualified' teachers. Higher vocational colleges in Guangxi, China are taken as the main research object the research literature approach, survey approach and comparative approach are used in this study. Through the investigation, it is found that there are four main problems in the development of 'double-qualified' teachers in Guangxi higher vocational colleges, that is, the number of 'double-qualified' teachers is insufficient, the quality is not high, the professional distribution is uneven, and the development speed is slow. After an in-depth analysis of the existing problems, it is found that there are 28 main reasons that affect the human resource development performance of the 'double-qualified' teachers in the higher vocational colleges in Guangxi. Based on the theory of human resource development, system theory, and synergetics, 'Double-qualified' Teachers' Development Synergetics is constructed in the paper. A new viewpoint is put forward, that is, the development of 'double-qualified' teachers is a systematic project. This paper reveals that the development of 'double-qualified' teachers needs the cooperation of government, school and enterprise, which provides theoretical guidance for guiding the development of 'double-qualified' teachers. The Evaluation Index System of Double-qualified Teachers' Development in Higher Vocational Colleges is constructed by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is composed of 19 indexes at 4 levels and provides a scientific and practical tool for judging the development performance of 'double-qualified' teachers in Guangxi higher vocational colleges. In order to learn from the advanced experience in the world, this paper makes an in-depth study on the training of vocational education teachers in Germany, and obtains five enlightenments. First, the 'double-qualified' teachers are the foundation in vocational education. Second, legalization is the institutional guarantee for the development of 'double-qualified' teachers. Third, the close cooperation between the government, colleges, guilds and enterprises is the organizational guarantee for the development of 'double-qualified' teachers. Fourth, duality (universities and enterprises) is a scientific method for the development of 'double-qualified' teachers. The study of vocational education is the guide to the development of vocational education teachers in Germany. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward 35 countermeasures and suggestions to improve the development performance of 'double-qualified' teachers in Guangxi higher vocational colleges. The innovation of this study is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, it constructs 'Double-qualified' Teachers' Development Synergetics', a theory of guiding the development of 'double-qualified' teachers. This paper preliminarily expounds five principles of collaborative development of 'double-qualified' teachers. Second, it is the innovation of application tools. A 4-level, 19-index evaluation index system for the development of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges is constructed by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which provides a practical tool for correctly guiding the development of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges and scientifically judging the development performance of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges. There is a lot of content in the research on the development of human resources of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges. Although some achievements have been made in this study, there are still many shortcomings, which need to be further studied. For example, the enrichment and perfection of 'Double-qualified' Teachers' Development Synergetics, the application and popularization of the Evaluation Index System of 'Double-qualified' Teachers' Development in Higher Vocational Colleges, and so on. Let us work together to make more contributions to the construction of 'double-qualified' teachers in higher vocational colleges.

Title II of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is intended to increase student academic achievement through strategies such as improving teacher quality and increasing the number of "highly qualified teachers" (HQTs) in the classroom. This Federal policy relies on educational research that demonstrates a connection between student achievement and teacher quality. Although NCLB considers each route that teachers may take to meet HQT requirements as equivalent, research demonstrates that some routes may foster higher student achievement than others; those teachers, who met HQT requirements through these routes, are referred to in this study as "research-based HQTs" (RB-HQTs). The quantitative phase of this mixed methodology explores how northern California secondary mathematics teachers in suburban, urban, and rural schools meet "highly qualified teacher" requirements. The subsequent qualitative phase explores the challenges and promising practices in retention and recruitment of RB-HQTs used by those mathematics departments identified as having a "common" or "distinguished" profile of each respective suburban, urban, or rural sub-sample. This study identifies and reports eight strategies used by mathematics departments that have demonstrated success in retention and recruitment of RB-HQTs. The eight identified strategies, when implemented individually or collectively, may increase the proportion of RB-HQTs and improve student academic achievement in each mathematics department across northern California secondary schools, be it suburban, urban, or rural.

Life Orientation, a core subject of the South African secondary school curriculum since 1996, is still not taught successfully in the majority of secondary schools. This study was conducted in former Model C secondary schools in the Nelson Mandela Metropole in order to identify challenges and problems with regard to the management of the teaching of the subject. If the subject were managed properly by principals the Departmental outcomes would have been achieved and problems would not have existed. In this study the managerial challenges of the teaching of Life Orientation have been identified by means of mixed method research, in terms of the four main management tasks, namely leading, planning, organising and controlling. The views of principals were obtained through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The data was synthesised, multi-dimensional management problems were identified and recommendations were made with regard to managing the important subject of Life Orientation. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)