No description available.

This thesis deals with quality meats and smoked hams in relation to their consumption. The smoked meat that I focused on and presented the hams samples came only from industrial production .

The aim of work – to determine efficienty of the Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle crossing with Charolais bull. The task of research: 1.To analyse the literature about the crossing Lithuanian Black-and-White caws with Charolais bull. 2.To determine the influence of Charolais bull on beef meat production and quality of Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle. Conclusions: 1.Charolais bulls were found to improve the weight of Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle at 18 month of age by 38.5 kg or 7.6 % (P>0,05) and reduced feed conversion per weight gain unit by 8.2 %. 2.The daily gain of the Charolais hybrids bulls was by 8.0 % bigger than that of the pure-blooded Lithuanian Black-and-White bulls. 3.Control slaughters indicated the bigger carcass mass for Charolais hybrids which was 20.7 kg, or 7.8 % bigger than the carcass mass of the pure-blooded Lithuanian Black-and-White young bulls. 4.Hybrids had a 1.5 % better carcass output, 4.0 % better ham output, and 2.4 % better output of ham edible parts in carcass, by 0.65 bigger the coefficient of succulence of this part of carcass and by 42.94 cm² bigger area of loin lean. 5.Crossbreeding had no significant influence on meat quality. A tendency was observed to lower meat pH, higher shear force and a better amino acids triptophan and oxyproline ratio 5.47 of hybrids (P<0,005). 6.It has been concluded that it is useful to use Charolais bulls for crossing with Lithuanian Black-and-White cattle of milk type.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanato_jaf_me_jabo.pdf: 287027 bytes, checksum: 031ba4a191aadab1915885a64325724d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado em substituição ao feno de alfafa, como fonte de fibra, para coelhos em crescimento. O feno de alfafa foi substituído pelo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado em 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Digestibilidade: 20 coelhos (45 aos 75 dias de idade). Não foram observadas diferenças entre as médias dos tratamentos para os coeficientes de digestibilidade. Desempenho, avaliação econômica e, parâmetros de carcaça e composição bromatológica da carne: 40 coelhos (35 aos 75 dias de idade). Não foram observadas diferenças entre as médias dos tratamentos para o desempenho zootécnico, no entanto, para a estimativa da receita líquida (R$) as substituições de 75 e 100% resultaram em maior receita. Para a composição bromatológica da carne, maior teor de matéria seca foi encontrado no tratamento com 100% de substituição e para proteína bruta os resultados não indicaram nenhuma tendência. Concluiu-se que a substituição do feno de alfafa pelo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado não trouxe prejuízo no aproveitamento energético e dos nutrientes da dieta, além disso, não inferiu sobre o desempenho zootécnico, mas trouxe algumas mudanças na composição bromatológica da carne. No entanto, o uso do bagaço resultou em maiores ganhos para o criador, sendo economicamente interessante seu uso como fonte de fibra em dietas para coelhos em crescimento. / The object was evaluate the use of hydrolized sugar cane bagasse in substitution of alfalfa hay, as fiber source, for rabbits in growth. The alfalfa hay was substituted by hydrolized sugar cane bagasse in 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. The experimental design was the completely randomized. Digestibility: 20 rabbits (45 to 75 days old). Diferences were not observed between the average of treatments for the digestibility coefficients. Performance, economic evaluation and, carcass parameters and bromathological meat composition: 40 rabbits (35 to 75 days old). Diferences were not observed between the average of treatment for the zootecnical performance, however, for the liquid proceeds estimative (R$) the substitution of 75 and 100% resulted in major proceeds. For the bromathological meat composition, was found a major dry matter content in treatmente with 100% of substitution and for the gross protein the results indicated no tendency. It was concluded that the substitution of alfalfa hay by hydrolized sugar cane bagasse did not affect negatively the energetic utilization and from the diet nutrients, besides, did not make any difference some changes in the bromathological meat composition. However, the use of bagasse resulted in major profits for the breeder, being its use as fiber source economically interesting in diets for rabbits in growth.

Orientador: Jeffrey Frederico Lui / Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Renato Gonçalves Ferreira / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado em substituição ao feno de alfafa, como fonte de fibra, para coelhos em crescimento. O feno de alfafa foi substituído pelo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado em 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Digestibilidade: 20 coelhos (45 aos 75 dias de idade). Não foram observadas diferenças entre as médias dos tratamentos para os coeficientes de digestibilidade. Desempenho, avaliação econômica e, parâmetros de carcaça e composição bromatológica da carne: 40 coelhos (35 aos 75 dias de idade). Não foram observadas diferenças entre as médias dos tratamentos para o desempenho zootécnico, no entanto, para a estimativa da receita líquida (R$) as substituições de 75 e 100% resultaram em maior receita. Para a composição bromatológica da carne, maior teor de matéria seca foi encontrado no tratamento com 100% de substituição e para proteína bruta os resultados não indicaram nenhuma tendência. Concluiu-se que a substituição do feno de alfafa pelo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado não trouxe prejuízo no aproveitamento energético e dos nutrientes da dieta, além disso, não inferiu sobre o desempenho zootécnico, mas trouxe algumas mudanças na composição bromatológica da carne. No entanto, o uso do bagaço resultou em maiores ganhos para o criador, sendo economicamente interessante seu uso como fonte de fibra em dietas para coelhos em crescimento. / Abstract: The object was evaluate the use of hydrolized sugar cane bagasse in substitution of alfalfa hay, as fiber source, for rabbits in growth. The alfalfa hay was substituted by hydrolized sugar cane bagasse in 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. The experimental design was the completely randomized. Digestibility: 20 rabbits (45 to 75 days old). Diferences were not observed between the average of treatments for the digestibility coefficients. Performance, economic evaluation and, carcass parameters and bromathological meat composition: 40 rabbits (35 to 75 days old). Diferences were not observed between the average of treatment for the zootecnical performance, however, for the liquid proceeds estimative (R$) the substitution of 75 and 100% resulted in major proceeds. For the bromathological meat composition, was found a major dry matter content in treatmente with 100% of substitution and for the gross protein the results indicated no tendency. It was concluded that the substitution of alfalfa hay by hydrolized sugar cane bagasse did not affect negatively the energetic utilization and from the diet nutrients, besides, did not make any difference some changes in the bromathological meat composition. However, the use of bagasse resulted in major profits for the breeder, being its use as fiber source economically interesting in diets for rabbits in growth. / Mestre

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-05-30T11:31:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante - 2017.pdf: 1509553 bytes, checksum: 944e26119302735b507db6744ae7d018 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-30T15:53:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante - 2017.pdf: 1509553 bytes, checksum: 944e26119302735b507db6744ae7d018 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T15:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alliny Souza de Assis Cavalcante - 2017.pdf: 1509553 bytes, checksum: 944e26119302735b507db6744ae7d018 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The number of the Brazilian herd has been increasing exponentially, so it is necessary to adjust the production systems and performance with the objective of favoring the increase of production and a supply of meat in Brazil. A pay for the national court is only a live weight and there is no carcass yield of the animals, however with future changes in the scenario. Several factors may directly or indirectly influence the quality of beef, such as softness, fat and palatability of the meat that may influence the final price of the product. Some evaluations are performed to evidence the body composition, no animal, they are EM, BF and IMF. These evaluations are performed for evaluation of the meat composition and fat thickness of no animal. Due to the large number of researches on the quality of the material, the work was conducted with the aim of obtaining combined means of meat and carcass quality indicators, as well as to verify the effect of certain factors on these data using a meta-analysis as tool. The research was performed in the PubMed and Scielo sites from 2009 to 2016 based on 49 scientific papers containing AOL, EG and EGP8 carried out in cattle, totaling an average of 9,142 animals analyzed in relation to the carcass characteristics. Of the database for the purpose of sex, age, breed and weight of the animal. The results of this study demonstrated that the measurements were performed in the carcass, presenting averages higher than those performed by ultrasonography. / O número do rebanho brasileiro vem crescendo exponencialmente, por este motivo, faz-se necessário alguns ajustes nos sistemas e desempenhos produtivos com objetivo de favorecer o aumento da produção e a oferta de carne no Brasil. Diversos fatores podem afetar de forma direta ou indireta na característica de qualidade da carne bovina, tais como na maciez, gordura e palatabilidade da carne que podem influenciar no preço final do produto. Algumas avaliações são realizadas para evidenciar a composição da carne no animal, são elas AOL, EG, EGP8, peso, PI, PF, PCQ, MAR e maciez. Estas características são realizadas para avaliação da composição da carne e espessura de gordura no animal. Devido ao grande número de pesquisas sobre qualidade de carne o presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de se obter médias combinadas de parâmetros indicadores de qualidade de carne e carcaça, bem como verificar o efeito de determinados fatores sobre estes parâmetros utilizando a meta-análise como ferramenta. Os registros foram identificados através de pesquisa de banco de dados nos sites PubMed e Scielo no período de 2009 a 2016 com base em 49 artigos científicos que continham assuntos relacionados AOL, EG, EGP8 e maciez realizados em bovinos, totalizando uma média de 9.142 animais analisados em relação às características de carcaça e carne. A construção do banco de dados foi baseada em informações relativas ao sexo, idade, raça e peso do animal. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as mensurações realizadas diretamente na carcaça apresentaram médias superiores às realizadas por ultrassonografia.

Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Namibia by nature is very well suited for livestock production and is a net exporter of beef. Beef is currently exported to South Africa, the European Union (EU) and Japan while market access to the United States of America is being explored. Food safety, traceability and lately animal welfare are all aspects which are requested by Namibians trading partners when exporting meat to those countries. The first two aspects have been addressed with the introduction of the Farm Assured Namibian Beef scheme (FAN Meat) which also provides basic guidelines for animal welfare. Beef in Namibia is produced from extensively managed enterprises which are privately owned and managed, or state owned and communally utilized. The events of handling and transport are considered stressful to all animals but especially so to extensively raised animals and their reaction to these events has the potential to severely infringe on their welfare. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-, during, and post-transportation handling on animal welfare status under Namibian transport conditions. The study also investigated the influence of breed on the meat quality of Namibian beef. The level of bruising recorded on slaughter was used to measure animal welfare. Interviews with producers were conducted to describe the pre-transport handling. Questionnaires that included variables considered as important indicators of animal welfare during transport were distributed to truck drivers. Observations of the off-loading event and animal behaviour were completed in lairage at the export abattoir in Windhoek. The variables that were identified as high risk factors and had a significant influence on the level of bruising under Namibian transport conditions include animal factors (i.e. breed type, age, sex, condition and subcutaneous fat cover), pre-transport handling (i.e. re-branding of animals), transport related risks (loading density and animals lying down during transit) as well as lairage factors (i.e. fit of truck floor to off-loading ramp, the way animals moved to holding pens, pen size and minimum environmental temperatures). The influence of breed on meat tenderness and water-holding capacity of the Longissimus dorsi muscle of the four main beef breeds (i.e. Brahman, Bonsmara, Simbrah and Simmental), as well as the effect of different aging periods on meat quality (i.e. 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 & 37 days post mortem) were investigated. The Brahman differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the other three breeds in terms of all aging treatments; with higher Warner-Bratzler shear force values reported for this breed. Interactions between days post mortem and breed were found for the Simbrah, and Simmental breeds, which may be indicative of a delayed response to aging of meat samples obtained from Simbrah animals. This can possibly be ascribed to an increased calpastatin activity in these animals. Meat samples obtained from the Bonsmara steers showed the highest rate of tenderization, with this effect retained until day 30 post mortem. Recommendations as pertaining to the ante mortem handling of cattle are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Namibië word gekenmerk deur toestande wat uitstekend vir diereproduksie is, met die land wat as ‘n netto uitvoerder van beesvleis beskou word. Vleis word na Suid-Afrika, die Europese Unie (EU) en Japan uitgevoer, met die moontlikheid van die Verenigde State van Amerika wat as ‘n uitvoermark ondersoek word. Voedselveiligheid, naspeurbaarheid en dierewelsyn is drie vereistes wat deur die invoerders van Namibiese vleis daargestel word. Die eerste twee vereistes is reeds deur die implementering van die Farm Assured Namibian beesvleis skema (FAN Meat) aangespreek, met die skema wat basiese riglyne vir dierewelsyn voorskryf. Namibiese beesvleis word geproduseer onder grootskaalse ekstensiewe boerdery omstandighede, wat of privaat besit en bestuur word, of aan die regering behoort en deur plaaslike gemeenskappe benut word. Die invloed van hantering en vervoer is besonder stresvol vir diere en in besonder vir diere wat onder ekstensiewe omstandighede geproduseer word. Omdat diere onder ekstensiewe omstandighede ongewoond aan hantering en vervoer is, kan dié twee aksies ‘n ernstige impak op die welsyn van sulke diere hê. Die doelwit van die studie was om die invloed van hantering voor-, tydens en na-vervoer onder Namibiese vervoertoestande te ondersoek. Die invloed van ras op Namibiese beesvleiskwaliteit is ook ondersoek. Die mate van kneusing waargeneem met slagting was as standaard gebruik om die welsynstatus van diere te bepaal. Onderhoude is met produsente gevoer om inligting oor die pre-vervoer toestande in te win. Vraelyste wat veranderlikes wat as belangrike indikators van dierewelsyn tydens vervoer beskou kan word, ingesluit het, is aan vragmotorbestuurders versprei. Waarnemings van die aflaai en verwante diergedrag was by die houfasiliteite van die uitvoer abattoir in Windhoek, waarnatoe die diere vervoer is, gedoen. Verskeie hoë risiko faktore wat ‘n betekenisvolle invloed op die mate van kneusing wat tydens vervoer opgedoen is, gehad het, is in die studie geïdentifiseer. Hierdie faktore het dierverwante eienskappe (d.i. ras, ouderdom, geslag, liggaamskondisie en onderhuidse vetvoorsiening), voorvervoer hantering (d.i. herbrandmerk van diere), vervoerverwante risiko’s (d.i. aantal diere per trok kompartement en diere wat tydens vervoer gaan lê), asook ontwerp van houfasiliteite (d.i. verbinding tussen trokvloer en laaibrug, die manier wat diere na houkampies beweeg het, grootte van houkampies en lae omgewingstemperature), ingesluit. Die invloed van ras op die sagtheid en waterhouvermoë van die Longissimus dorsi spier van die vier hoof vleisbeesrasse (d.i. Brahman, Bonsmara, Simbrah en Simmentaler), asook verskillende verouderingstydperke op vleiskwaliteit (d.i. 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 en 37 dae post mortem) van die vier rasse is ondersoek. Die Brahman het betekenisvol (p < 0.05) van die ander drie rasse in terme van die effek van veroudering op vleiskwaliteit verskil, met hoë Warner-Bratzler skeursterkte waardes wat vir dié ras aangeteken is. ‘n Interaksie tussen aantal dae post mortem en ras is gevind vir die Simbrah en Simmentaler rasse, wat dui op ‘n vertraagde effek van vleisveroudering vir die Simbrah ras, moontlik as gevolg van ‘n hoër mate van kalpastatien aktiwiteit. Vleismonsters bekom van jong Bonsmara bulle het die grootste mate van versagting getoon, met die voordeel wat waargeneem is tot dag 30 van die post mortem vleisveroudering. Aanbevelings betreffende die voorslag hantering van beeste word gemaak.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Skara : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of diet with high grain diets on the carcass tissue composition, the centesimal composition and the profile of the fatty acids deposited in the meat of Lambs finished in confinement, as well as the economical viability of the system. Thirty - eight male lambs, castrated, of the Texel breed, born of simple birth and weaned at approximately 50 days of age, were used. The treatments were constituted by different types of grains, unprocessed, being: corn grain, white oat grain, black oat grain or rice grain with bark. The animals were slaughtered when they reached the pre-established slaughter weight of 32 kg, which corresponds to 60% of the adult weight of their mothers. The lambs of the different treatments presented similarity as to the proportion of muscle. However, corn-based treatment lambs presented lower percentage of bone and higher amount of fat. Considering the cholesterol variable, the animals treated with black oats presented results lower than 90mg / 100g, and human health could be considered healthy in this approach. Grouping the fatty acids evaluated by degree of saturation, corn-based treatment lambs had the lowest results when compared to the others, but when evaluating these lipids individually, the animals of this treatment contained the highest proportion of fatty acids Undesirable when compared to treatments based on white oats, shelled rice or black oats. The polyunsaturated: saturated ratio also presented superior results for the lambs fed the corn grain diet when compared to the others. In order to evaluate the economic issue, consecutive historical quotations from 2003 to 2016 were considered. The univariate analysis was characterized by a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight replications. The multivariate analysis consisted of clustering. By the univariate analysis, the only treatment that proved advantageous was the corn grain base, where values were found for gross margin of R $ 16.55; Net margin of R $ 10.45; Profit of R $ 12.59; Net present value of R $ 11.44; Benefit index: cost of 1.05; Additional return on investment of 2.4% a.m.; Internal rate of return of 3.3% a.m. and discounted payback of 1.91 months. By cluster analysis, corn treatment was also the one that presented the greatest discrepancy in relation to the other treatments, while the treatments based on white oats and black oats were the ones that presented the closest ones. Thus, meat from lambs confined to a high-fat diet, because it presents results close to those recommended for healthy consumption, can be ingested without risk to consumers, since human food consists not only of sheep meat but must be nutritionally balanced. The joint analysis of the financial indicators indicated the feasibility of the confinement of lambs with a high grain diet only for the treatment based on corn grain, determining economic unviability in this study for the other evaluated treatments. / O presente experimento, conduzido no Laboratório de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da alimentação com dietas de alto grão, sobre a composição tecidual da carcaça, a composição centesimal e o perfil dos ácidos graxos depositados na carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, bem como a viabilidade econômica do sistema. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos, castrados, da raça Texel, nascidos de parto simples e desmamados com aproximadamente 50 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes tipos de grãos, não processados, sendo: grão de milho, grão de aveia branca, grão de aveia preta ou grão de arroz com casca. Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram o peso vivo de abate pré-estabelecido de 32 kg, que corresponde a 60% do peso adulto de suas mães. Os cordeiros dos diferentes tratamentos apresentaram similaridade quanto a proporção de músculo. Porém, os cordeiros do tratamento a base de grão de milho apresentaram menor percentagem de osso e superior quantidade de gordura. Já considerando a variável colesterol os animais tratados com aveia preta apresentaram resultados inferiores a 90mg/100g, podendo ser considerado salutar a saúde humana nesta abordagem. Agrupando os ácidos graxos avaliados por grau de saturação, os cordeiros do tratamento a base de grão de milho apresentaram os menores resultados quando comparados aos demais, mas ao avaliar individualmente estes lipídios contatou-se que os animais desse tratamento continham a maior proporção de ácidos graxos não desejáveis quando comparado aqueles dos tratamentos a base de aveia branca, arroz com casca ou aveia preta. A relação poliinsaturado:saturado também apresentou resultados superiores para os cordeiros alimentados com a dieta a base de grão de milho quando comparado aos demais. Para avaliar a questão econômica foram consideradas cotações históricas consecutivas dos anos de 2003 a 2016. A análise univariada caracterizou-se por delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. A análise multivariada consistiu em agrupamento (cluster). Pela análise univariada, o único tratamento que se mostrou vantajoso foi o a base de grão de milho, onde foram encontrados valores para margem bruta de R$ 16,55; margem líquida de R$ 10,45; lucro de R$ 12,59; valor presente líquido de R$ 11,44; índice benefício:custo de 1,05; retorno adicional sobre o investimento de 2,4% a.m.; taxa interna de retorno de 3,3% a.m. e payback descontado de 1,91 meses. Pela análise de cluster, o tratamento a base de milho também foi o que apresentou maior discrepância em relação aos demais tratamentos, enquanto que os tratamentos a base de aveia branca e aveia preta foram os que se apresentaram mais próximos. Assim a carne proveniente de cordeiros confinados com dieta de alto grão, por apresentar resultados próximos aos preconizados para o consumo salutar, pode ser ingerida sem proporcionar risco aos consumidores, uma vez que a alimentação humana não consiste apenas em carne ovina devendo ser nutricionalmente balanceada. A análise conjunta dos indicadores financeiros indicou viabilidade do confinamento de cordeiros com dieta de alto grão somente para o tratamento a base de grão de milho, determinando inviabilidade econômica neste estudo para os demais tratamentos avaliados.