Recent discoveries about pre-Columbian societies in the Amazon have revolutionized the way researchers think about the environment, and the degree of interaction that humans have with their surroundings. New evidence indicates that ancient Amazonian populations were not only much larger and more complex than previously thought, but they were also modifying their environment and creating artificial landscapes. Although information about pre-Columbian cultures can be gained from archaeological excavations and historical accounts, the advent of new technology allows archaeologists to conduct research remotely. Earthworks were constructed by pre-Hispanic peoples to create higher ground for occupation and agriculture, as an adaptation to the annual flooding of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon. Over the centuries, patches of forest have grown on these earthworks due to their higher elevation and drier soils. By mapping these 'forest islands' using the satellite imagery from Google Earth and transferring the data into Quantum GIS, spatial patterns between the geographical features have been analyzed to reveal relationships between pre-Columbian earthworks, natural and artificial landscape features, and settlement patterns. This research supports theories of large and complex pre-Columbian populations in the Bolivian Amazon. Patterns between the different size, shape, and location of forest islands show a correlation between specific types of forest islands and water sources, which indicates that pre-Columbian societies were constructing earthworks based on function and distance to water.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA017.pdf: 394745 bytes, checksum: c1827ef1d01e5069a7ca04ba452e1da7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-26 / Proposals for the determination of seed quality through analysis of digital images of seeds and seedlings have been used in order to obtain objective information in a relatively short period. However, its effectiveness depends mainly on the type and adequacy of the procedures. Thus, the aim of this work to: 1) evaluate the efficiency of the software ENVI EX and QUANTUM GIS in the measurement of seed of Pinus taeda, replacing the conventional method; 2) determine the influence of size, assessed by image analysis, the physiological quality of seeds of Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus and Pinus taeda dunnii.; 3) verify the efficiency of the software ENVI EX and QUANTUM GIS in the classification of seed vigor through analysis of digital images of seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna and E. dunnii, replacing the conventional method. To meet the objectives 1 and 2, the seeds were arranged on a graph paper and then photographed and analyzed using the ENVI EX and Quantum GIS programs, for the classification of seeds. The seeds of Pinus taeda, before being photographed, were measured with the aid of a digital caliper (conventionally), for comparison with the results obtained by the software. Then the seeds were germinated, separated by size classes, plus control (unrated). To meet the objective 3, the length of normal seedlings obtained in a germination test with appropriate methodology by species was evaluated through analysis of digital images using the software ENVI EX and Quantum GIS, and a conventional (manual) . With the results obtained, it was possible to verify that the software ENVI EX and Quantum GIS are efficient to measure the seeds of Pinus taeda. The size of the seeds of E. saligna and E. dunnii influences on physiological quality, with higher seed medium and large to small. This influence is not observed in seeds of P. taeda. In addition, you can use the software cited in the measurement of seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii, replacing the conventional method / Propostas para a determinação da qualidade de sementes por meio de análise de imagens digitais de sementes e plântulas têm sido utilizadas visando à obtenção de informações objetivas, em período relativamente curto. No entanto, sua eficiência depende, principalmente, da espécie e de adequações nas metodologias. Desta forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho: 1) avaliar a eficiência dos softwares ENVI EX e QUANTUM GIS na mensuração de sementes de Pinus taeda, em substituição ao método convencional; 2) determinar a influência do tamanho, avaliado por meio da análise de imagens, na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus dunnii e Pinus taeda.; 3) verificar a eficiência dos softwares ENVI EX e QUANTUM GIS na classificação do vigor de sementes por meio da análise das imagens digitais de plântulas de Eucalyptus saligna e E. dunnii, em substituição ao método convencional. Para atender aos objetivos 1 e 2, as sementes foram dispostas sobre um papel milimetrado e, em seguida, fotografadas e analisadas por meio dos programas ENVI EX e Quantum GIS, para a classificação das sementes. As sementes de Pinus taeda, antes de serem fotografadas, foram mensuradas com o auxílio de um paquímetro digital (forma convencional), para posterior comparação com os resultados obtidos pelos softwares. Em seguida, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar, separadas por classes de tamanho, além da testemunha (sem classificação). Para atender ao objetivo 3, o comprimento de plântulas normais, obtidas em teste de germinação realizado com metodologia adequada por espécie, foi avaliado por meio da análise das imagens digitais, utilizando os softwares ENVI EX e Quantum GIS, e de forma convencional (manual). Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que os softwares ENVI EX e QUANTUM GIS são eficientes para a mensuração das sementes de Pinus taeda. O tamanho das sementes de E. dunnii e E. saligna influencia na sua qualidade fisiológica, sendo sementes médias e grandes superiores às pequenas. Essa influência não é verificada em sementes de P. taeda. Além disso, é possível utilizar os softwares citados na mensuração de plântulas de Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus saligna, em substituição ao método convencional

This thesis deals with open-source software QGIS.It is a free and multiplatform geographical information system (GIS) which is distributed under the general public license (GNU). In the framework of this thesis, a teaching course was created, various types of analyses that the system allows. A set of model exercises is intended to represent a integrated course in the Quantum GIS, which will enable the user to become acquainted with this SW and will be useful in teaching, but also in the practice of public administration, especially in regional development. For this reason, the author realized a survey in the municipalities of the South Bohemian Region concerning the introduction of GIS, awareness of QGIS software, possible interest in the course and topics which the municipalities would like to dedicate to. The requirements of the municipalities have been implemented into individual exercises. The course is available in e-learning in the Moodle system on the link: https://moodle.ef.jcu.cz/course/view.php?id=2683, but also in the form of a comprehensive document which is annexed to this work.

臺北市多目標地籍圖系統可提供查尋定位功能，惟並無分析、統計等一般地理資訊系統(GIS)具有的功能，使得地籍資料無法發揮更大功效，同時筆者服務機關既有之『縣市圖根管理系統』因開發較早，受限於原開發程式限制，無法與需高記體之其他軟體相容，另一方面，民眾申請多目標地籍圖，目前仍以紙本方式供應，亦無法發揮與其他政府機關或民間開發建置之地理資訊系統(GIS)圖資整合應用之功能，若能提供符合開放地理資訊編碼標準之地籍圖資，民眾可自行加值應用，將可大幅提升政府為民服務品質。由於臺北市多目標地籍圖系統功能不足，以及既有之『縣市圖根管理系統』無法正常使用，亟需開發新系統，然而，當欲增加功能時，又常受限於原開發廠商、預算編列及招標程序，導致緩不濟急。 開放式地理資訊系統聯盟製定了開放式地理資料跨平台規格書，依此規格書開發之開放源碼軟體常具有免費、跨平台、資料模組化、資料交換方便等優點，讓使用者能免費的取得軟體；同時中央研究院亦提供了許多GIS應用軟體工具供人下載使用，因此若能藉由開放源碼軟體之輔助，將地籍圖資加值應用，提供地籍圖查詢定位、套圖展示以及產製符合開放地理資訊編碼標準之地籍圖、圖根點檔，將可提高地籍資料於GIS之應用。 本研究蒐集臺北市信義區之地籍圖、圖根點及都市計畫中心樁位坐標成果，以開放源碼GIS (Quantum GIS)進行地籍資料加值之建置及處理，建置完成後之成果，可於Quantum GIS中進行定位查詢、套圖展示等操作，並可依需求製作客製化地籍圖，產製地籍圖及圖根點成果KML檔，供民眾下載後加值應用，對提升為民服務有極大助益。 / The “Taipei City Multi-purpose Cadastral Map System” can be used to search and identify location. However, it lacks of functions provided by GIS (Geographic Information Systems) such as analysis and statistics, hence its utility is limited. Since the “Supplementary Control Point Management System for City and County Government” of the researcher's institute was developed in a very early year, due to its limitation, the software is incompatible with the other software which needs large memory. In addition, multi-purpose cadastral map is currently provided to the public in paper copy, thus it cannot be integrated with other GIS data established by government or private institutions. If the cadastral map conforms to the Open Geodata Interoperability Specification (OpenGIS), it can improve the quality of service provided by the government to the public because value-added applications can be developed. As both the aforementioned systems are not sufficient to meet the needs, there is great demand for developing a new system. However, the development of new functions or systems is often restricted by the original developer, budget, and procurement procedure, hence it is not efficient for the urgent need. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has defined a set of open interfaces based on the OpenGIS. Most of the open source software that conforms to OpenGIS has the advantages of free of charge, cross platform, modulized data, and data interchangeability. It is free and easy for users to obtain open source software. Academia Sinica also provides several GIS application software for free download. By using open source GIS software to provide functions such as searching, identification, overlaying, and producing maps for cadastral maps and supplementary control points, it will enhance the value of cadastral map data in GIS applications. This research collected data of the Xinyi District of Taipei City, including cadastral maps, supplementary control points, and central piles’ coordinates for urban planning. An open source GIS (Quantum GIS) was used to process cadastral maps, and the results can be used for location searching, and overlaying maps. Moreover, customized cadastral maps can be produced on demand, and the cadastral maps and supplementary control points can be converted to KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file format, which can be downloaded by the public for value-added applications. The results is expected to greatly improve services for the public.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T18:06:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSLLEY SIDNEY NOGUEIRA DE OLIVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA ACADÊMICO 2018..pdf: 7059892 bytes, checksum: 1ab51771320e5bbd6c88d3c01b4b7aeb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T18:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOSLLEY SIDNEY NOGUEIRA DE OLIVEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA ACADÊMICO 2018..pdf: 7059892 bytes, checksum: 1ab51771320e5bbd6c88d3c01b4b7aeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Os perímetros irrigados implantados no Estado da Paraíba são considerados uma alternativa econômica bastante rentável, promove a geração de empregos e aumenta a disponibilidade de alimentos. Devido ao manejo inadequado do solo e da água, isso têm causado perdas na qualidade do solo desses perímetros, degradando-os principalmente por salinização. O sensoriamento remoto é uma alternativa tecnológica de baixo custo, boa frequência temporal e possui a capacidade de mapear áreas em processo de desertificação. Essa pesquisa têm por objetivo identificar possíveis áreas afetadas por sais no Perímetro Irrigado de São Gonçalo (PISG), Sousa- PB, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para esse estudo foi utilizado imagens do satélite LANDSAT 8/OLI (média resolução espacial), órbita 216 / ponto 65 da data de 23/11/2016; imagem do software Google Earth Pro® da data de 29/02/2016 para servir como imagem auxiliar e registros fotográficos das áreas in loco. Realizou-se a técnica de classificação supervisionada, utilizando o SCP (semi- automatic plugin) no software QGIS (Quantum Gis). A aferição da qualidade da classificação se deu por meio da validação cruzada, utilizando de parâmetros estatísticos como a exatidão do produtor (EP), exatidão do usuário (EU), exatidão global (EG) e índice Kappa. A classe área supostamente salinizada (ASS) apresentou EP e EU de 89.15% e 88.88%, respectivamente. O índice Kappa resultou em um valor de 0.8684, a classe ASS foi classificada como sendo de qualidade excelente. A qualidade geral da classificação é avaliada tanto pela EG que apresentou um valor de 0.9350 como pelo índice Kappa geral com valor de 0.9252, sendo valores que representam uma classificação de qualidade excelente. A classe ASS apresentou os maiores valores mínimos e máximos de fator de refletância em todas as bandas da imagem, destacando a banda 6 de valores 0.47 e 0.67, respectivamente. O valor da área classificada como sendo da classe ASS foi de 1736.75 hectares, 31% da área total do PISG. As imagens analisadas possibilitaram discriminar áreas salinizadas e não salinizadas mediante as diferenças de tonalidade e de refletância. As imagens analisadas com o plugin SCP possibilitaram a realização de um mapa de classificação supervisionada, indicando a variabilidade espacial das áreas propícias ao processo de salinização. No entanto, recomenda- se a análise dos parâmetros físicos e químicos do solo dessas áreas para o aumento da confiabilidade na qualidade desse tipo de mapeamento. / The irrigated perimeters implemented in the State of Paraiba are considered a costeffective alternative quite profitable, promotes the generation of jobs and increases the availability of food. Due to inadequate management of soil and water, that have caused losses in soil quality of these perimeters, degrading them mainly by salinization. Remote sensing is an alternative low-cost technology, good temporal and frequency has the ability to map areas in process of desertification. This research aim to identify potential areas affected by salts in the irrigated perimeter of São Gonçalo (PISG), Sousa-PB, through remote sensing techniques. For this study we used LANDSAT satellite images 8/OLI (average spatial resolution), 216/orbit point 65 of 07/11/2016 date; image of the Google Earth Pro software® from date of 29/02/2016 to serve as auxiliary image and photographic records of the areas on the spot. The supervised classification technique, using the SCP (semi-automatic plugin) in software QGIS (Quantum Gis). The measurement of the quality of the classification took place by means of cross-validation, using statistical parameters such as the accuracy of the producer (EP), accuracy of the user (EU), global (EG) accuracy and Kappa index. The area class supposedly salinated (.ASS) presented EP and I of 89.15% and 88.88%, respectively. The Kappa index resulted in a value of .ASS class 0.8684 was classified as being of excellent quality. The overall quality of the classification is assessed both by EG who presented a 0.9350 value as the Kappa index 0.9252 valued General, being values that represent a rating of excellent quality. The class ASS presented the largest minimum and maximum values of reflectance factor in all the bands in the image, highlighting the band 6 0.47 values and 0.67, respectively. The value of the area classified as being of .ASS class was 1736.75 acres, 31% of the total area of the PISG. The images reviewed discriminate salinated areas and not allowed saline through the variations of shade and reflectance. The images analyzed with the SCP plugin enabled the creation of a map of supervised classification, indicating the spatial variability of the areas prone to salinization process. However, it is recommended that the analysis of the physical and chemical soil parameters of these areas for increased reliability in the quality of this type of mapping.