The structure of wavefunctions of quantum systems strongly depends on the underlying classical dynamics. In this text a selection of articles on eigenfunctions in systems with fully chaotic dynamics and systems with a mixed phase space is summarized. Of particular interest are statistical properties like amplitude distribution and spatial autocorrelation function and the implication of eigenfunction structures on transport properties. For systems with a mixed phase space the separation into regular and chaotic states does not always hold away from the semiclassical limit, such that chaotic states may completely penetrate into the region of the regular island. The consequences of this flooding are discussed and universal aspects highlighted.

We numerically investigate electron transport properties in an electron waveguide which can be constructed in 2DEG of the heterostructure of GaAs and AlGaAs. We apply R-matrix theory to solve a Schrödinger equation and construct a S-matrix, and we then calculate conductance of an electron waveguide. We study single impurity scattering in a waveguide. A [delta]-function model as a single impurity is very attractive, but it has been known that [delta]-function potential does not give a convergent result in two or higher space dimensions. However, we find that it can be used as a single impurity in a waveguide with the truncation of the number of modes. We also compute conductance for a finite size impurity by using R-matrix theory. We propose an appropriate criteria for determining the cut-off mode for a [delta]-function impurity that reproduces the conductance of a waveguide when a finite impurity presents. We find quantum scattering echoes in a ripple waveguide. A ripple waveguide (or cavity) is widely used for quantum chaos studies because it is easy to control a particle's dynamics. Moreover we can obtain an exact expression of Hamiltonian matrix with for the waveguide using a simple coordinate transformation. Having an exact Hamiltonian matrix reduces computation time significantly. It saves a lot of computational needs. We identify three families of resonance which correspond to three different classical phase space structures. Quasi bound states of one of those resonances reside on a hetero-clinic tangle formed by unstable manifolds and stable manifolds in the phase space of a corresponding classical system. Resonances due to these states appear in the conductance in a nearly periodic manner as a function of energy. Period from energy frequency gives a good agreement with a prediction of the classical theory. We also demonstrate wavepacket dynamics in a ripple waveguide. We find quantum echoes in the transmitted probability of a wavepacket. The period of echoes also agrees with the classical predictions. We also compute the electron transmission probability through a multi-ripple electron waveguide. We find an effect analogous to the Dicke effect in the multi-ripple electron waveguide. We show that one of the S-matrix poles, that of the super-radiant resonance state, withdraws further from the real axis as each ripple is added. The lifetime of the super-radiant state, for N quantum dots, decreases as [1/N] . This behavior of the lifetime of the super-radiant state is a signature of the Dicke effect. / text

abstract: Conductance fluctuations associated with quantum transport through quantumdot systems are currently understood to depend on the nature of the corresponding classical dynamics, i.e., integrable or chaotic. There are a couple of interesting phenomena about conductance fluctuation and quantum tunneling related to geometrical shapes of graphene systems. Firstly, in graphene quantum-dot systems, when a magnetic field is present, as the Fermi energy or the magnetic flux is varied, both regular oscillations and random fluctuations in the conductance can occur, with alternating transitions between the two. Secondly, a scheme based on geometrical rotation of rectangular devices to effectively modulate the conductance fluctuations is presented. Thirdly, when graphene is placed on a substrate of heavy metal, Rashba spin-orbit interaction of substantial strength can occur. In an open system such as a quantum dot, the interaction can induce spin polarization. Finally, a problem using graphene systems with electron-electron interactions described by the Hubbard Hamiltonian in the setting of resonant tunneling is investigated. Another interesting problem in quantum transport is the effect of disorder or random impurities since it is inevitable in real experiments. At first, for a twodimensional Dirac ring, as the disorder density is systematically increased, the persistent current decreases slowly initially and then plateaus at a finite nonzero value, indicating remarkable robustness of the persistent currents, which cannot be discovered in normal metal and semiconductor rings. In addition, in a Floquet system with a ribbon structure, the conductance can be remarkably enhanced by onsite disorder. Recent years have witnessed significant interest in nanoscale physical systems, such as semiconductor supperlattices and optomechanical systems, which can exhibit distinct collective dynamical behaviors. Firstly, a system of two optically coupled optomechanical cavities is considered and the phenomenon of synchronization transition associated with quantum entanglement transition is discovered. Another useful issue is nonlinear dynamics in semiconductor superlattices caused by its key potential application lies in generating radiation sources, amplifiers and detectors in the spectral range of terahertz. In such a system, transition to multistability, i.e., the emergence of multistability with chaos as a system parameter passes through a critical point, is found and argued to be abrupt. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2016

Orientadores: Patrício Aníbal Letelier Sotomayor, Marcus Aloízio Martinez de Aguiar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:28:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_RafaelSoares_M.pdf: 2173613 bytes, checksum: 878c544ecf4ce79eb9b5b0be033ad255 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação analisamos bilhares usando a teoria da relatividade especial, tanto classicamente quanto quanticamente. Inicialmente revisamos a teoria de bilhares clássicos, com ênfase em como se dá sua evolução no tempo. Então estudamos a existência (ou não) de aceleração de Fermi em bilhares forçados: bilhares onde a parede se move e, quando a partícula colide, ela pode ganhar ou perder energia. Estudamos alguns exemplos de bilhares, regulares e caóticos, na dinâmica relativística procurando quais condições são necessárias para que exista aceleração de Fermi relativística Concentramos-nos então no estudo de bilhares quânticos. Após uma revisão dos conceitos básicos, estudamos o método da integral de contorno para o cálculo do espectro do bilhar e analisamos suas propriedades estatísticas, tanto para o caso não relativístico (a equação de Schroedinger) quanto para o caso relativístico, o bilhar de Dirac, introduzido por Berry e Mondragon / Abstract: In this dissertation we analyze billiards using the theory of special relativity, both in the classical and quantum versions. First we review classical billiards, with emphasis in its time evolution. Then we study the existence (or lack of) Fermi acceleration in driven billiards, billiards where the walls are moving and, when the particle collides, it can gain or lose energy. We studied some examples, regular and chaotic ones, in the relativistic dynamics, and analyzed the necessary conditions for the existence of relativistic Fermi acceleration. We focus then on quantum billiards. After a brief review of basic concepts, we study the boundary integral method for numerical evaluation of the billiard spectra and analyze its statistical properties, for the non-relativistic case (the Schroedinger equation) and the relativistic, the Dirac billiards introduced by Berry and Mondragon / Mestrado / Física Geral / Mestre em Física

Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teles_RenatodeSa_D.pdf: 3942109 bytes, checksum: 7e41b541aa6eb7a186a4956d751a32c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Fizemos um estudo sistemático dos aspectos clássicos e quânticos dos sistemas dinâmicos conhecidos como "bilhares". Introduzimos uma nova classe de bilhares classicamente caóticos cuja dinâmica quântica pode ser convenientemente descrita utilizando-se uma aproximação do tipo Galerkin, o que nos permitiu obter com boa precisão um grande numero de autovalores e autofunções e estudar algumas propriedades estatísticas do espectro de energia para esta nova classe de bilhares. Do ponto de vista da implementação numérica, estudamos também os efeitos de tamanho finito da matriz associada ao truncamento dos modos de Galerkin / Abstract: We consider classical and quantum aspects of the dynamical systems dubbed as "billiards". We introduce a new class of classically chaotic billiards for which the quantum dynamics can be conveniently described by a Galerkin type approximation, allowing us to obtain with good accuracy a large number of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions and to study some statistical properties of the energy spectrum of this new class of billiards. From the numerical implementation point of view, we consider also the finite size effects on the matrix corresponding to the truncation of the Galerkin modes / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

Tunneling is a central result of quantum mechanics. It allows quantum particles to enter regions which are inaccessible by classical dynamics. Consequences of the tunneling process are most relevant. For example it causes the alpha-decay of radioactive nuclei and it is argued that proton tunneling is decisive for the emergence of DNA mutations. The theoretical prediction of corresponding tunneling rates is explained in standard textbooks on quantum mechanics for regular systems. Typical physical systems such as atoms or molecules, however, also show chaotic motion. Here the calculation of tunneling rates is more demanding. In this text a selection of articles on the prediction of tunneling rates in systems which allow for regular and chaotic motion is summarized. The presented approach is then used to explain consequences of tunneling on the quantum spectrum, such as the universal power-law behavior of small energy spacings and the flooding of regular states.

We consider a quantum system whose unperturbed form consists of a self-adjoint Δ-operator on a 2-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold, which may or may not have a boundary. Then as a perturbation, we add a delta potential/point scatterer at some select point ρ. The perturbed self-adjoint operator is constructed rigorously by means of self-adjoint extension theory. We also consider a corresponding classical dynamical system on the cotangent/cosphere bundle, consisting of geodesic flow on the manifold, with specular reflection if there is a boundary. Chapter 2 describes the mathematics of the unperturbed and perturbed quantum systems, as well as outlining the classical dynamical system. Included in the discussion on the delta-perturbed quantum system is consideration concerning the strength of the delta potential. It is reckoned that the delta potential effectively has negative infinitesimal strength. Chapter 3 continues on with investigations from [KMW10], concerned with perturbed eigenfunctions that approximate to a linear combination of only two "surrounding" unperturbed eigenfunctions. In Thm. 4.4 of [KMW10], conditions are derived under which a sequence of perturbed eigenfunctions exhibits this behaviour in the limit. The approximating pair linear combinations belong to a class of quasimodes constructed within [KMW10]. The aim of Chapter 3 in this thesis is to improve on the result in [KMW10]. In Chapter 3, preliminary results are first derived constituting a broad consideration of the question of when a perturbed eigenfunction subsequence approaches linear combinations of only two surrounding unperturbed eigenfunctions. Afterwards, the central result of this Chapter, namely Thm. 3.4.1, is derived, which serves as an improved version of Thm. 4.4 in [KMW10]. The conditions of this theorem are shown to be weaker than those in [KMW10]. At the same time though, the conclusion does not require the approximating pair linear combinations to be quasimodes contained in the domain of the perturbed operator. Cor. 3.5.2 allows for a transparent comparison between the results of this Chapter and [KMW10]. Chapter 4 deals with the construction of non-singular rank-one perturbations for which the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions approximate those of the delta-perturbed operator. This is approached by means of direct analysis of the construction and formulae for the rank-one-perturbed eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, by comparison that of the delta-perturbed eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Successful results are derived to this end, the central result being Thm. 4.4.19. This provides conditions on a sequence of non-singular rank-one perturbations, under which all eigenvalues and eigenbasis members within an interval converge to those of the delta-perturbed operator. Comparisons have also been drawn with previous literature such as [Zor80], [AK00] and [GN12]. These deal with rank-one perturbations approaching the delta potential within the setting of a whole Euclidean space Rⁿ, for example by strong resolvent convergence, and by limiting behaviour of generalised eigenfunctions associated with energies at every Eℓ(0,∞). Furthermore in Chapter 4, the suggestion from Chapter 2 that the delta potential has negative infinitessimal strength is further supported, due to the coefficients of the approximating rank-one perturbations being negative and tending to zero. This phenomenon is also in agreement with formulae from [Zor80], [AK00] and [GN12]. Chapter 5 first reviews the correspondence between certain classical dynamics and equidistribution in position space of almost all unperturbed quantum eigenfunctions, as demonstrated for example in [MR12]. Equidistribution in position space of almost all perturbed eigenfunctions, in the case of the 2D rectangular flat torus, is also reviewed. This result comes from [RU12], which is only stated in terms of the "new" perturbed eigenfunctions, which would only be a subset of the full perturbed eigenbasis. Nevertheless, in this Chapter it is explained how it follows that this position space equidistribution result also applies to a full-density subsequence of the full perturbed eigenbasis. Finally three methods of approach are discussed for attempting to derive this position space equidistribution result in the case of a more general delta-perturbed system whose classical dynamics satisfies the particular key property.

No description available.

The structure of wavefunctions of quantum systems strongly depends on the underlying classical dynamics. In this text a selection of articles on eigenfunctions in systems with fully chaotic dynamics and systems with a mixed phase space is summarized. Of particular interest are statistical properties like amplitude distribution and spatial autocorrelation function and the implication of eigenfunction structures on transport properties. For systems with a mixed phase space the separation into regular and chaotic states does not always hold away from the semiclassical limit, such that chaotic states may completely penetrate into the region of the regular island. The consequences of this flooding are discussed and universal aspects highlighted.

Cette thèse traite de plusieurs problèmes de théorie de la diffusion dans la limite semi-classique, c’est à dire des propriétés des fonctions propres généralisées d’un opérateur de Schrödinger à haute fréquence. Les fonctions propres généralisées d’un opérateur de Schrödinger sur l’espace euclidien, pour un potentiel lisse à support compact, peuvent toujours se décomposer comme la somme d’une partie entrante et d’une partie sortante, plus un terme négligeable à l’infini. La matrice de diffusion relie alors la partie entrante et la partie sortante de la fonction propre. Une première partie de ce travail concerne le spectre de la matrice de diffusion. On montre un résultat d’équidistribution des valeurs propres de la matrice de diffusion, sous l’hypothèse sans doute générique que les ensembles de points fixes de certaines applications définies à partir de la dynamique classique sont de mesure de Lebesgue nulle. Ce résultat était connu précédemment, sous l’hypothèse additionnelle que la dynamique classique est sans ensemble capté.Une seconde partie du travail concerne les ondes planes tordues, qui sont une famille particulière de fonctions propres généralisées d’un opérateur de Schrödinger, pouvant s'écrire comme la somme d'une onde plane et d'une partie purement sortante. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la dynamique classique sous-jacente possède un ensemble capté hyperbolique, et qu’une certaine pression topologique est négative. Sous ces hypothèses, on obtient dans la limite semi-classique une description précise des ondes planes tordues comme une somme convergente d’états lagrangiens. On peut en particulier en déduire la mesure semi-classique associée aux ondes planes tordues. Si la variété est de courbure négative, et que le potentiel est nul, ces états lagrangiens sont associés à des lagrangiennes se projetant sans caustiques sur la variété de base. On peut alors en déduire des résultats sur les normes C^l et les ensembles nodaux des ondes planes tordues. Nous obtenons aussiune borne inférieure sur le nombre de domaine nodaux de la somme de deux ondes planes tordues de directions incidentes proches, pour une petite perturbation générique d’une métrique de courbure négative vérifiant la condition de pression topologique. / This thesis deals with several problems of scattering theory in the semi-classical limit, that is to say, with properties of the generalised eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator at high frequencies. The generalised eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator on the Euclidean space, with a compactly supported smooth potential, may always be written as the sum of an incoming wave and an outgoing wave, plus a term which is negligible at infinity. The scattering matrix relates the incoming part with the outgoing part. The first part of this work deals with the spectrum of the scattering matrix. We show an equidistribution result for the eigenvalues of the scattering matrix, under the hypothesis that the sets of fixed points of some maps defined from the classical dynamics has measure zero. This result was previously known under the additional assumption that the classical dynamics has an empty trapped set.A second part of this work deals with the distorted plane waves, which are a particular family of generalized eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator, which can be written as the sum of a plane wave and a purely outgoing part. We make the hypothesis that the underlying classical dynamics has a hyperbolic trapped set, and that a certain topological pressure is negative. Under these assumptions, we obtain in the semiclassical limit a precise description of distorted plane waves as a convergent sum of Lagrangian states. In particular, we can deduce from this the semiclassical measure associated to distorted plane waves. If we furthermore assume that the manifold has non-positive curvature, and that the potential is zero, these Lagrangian states project on the base manifold without caustics. We deduce from this results on the C^l norms and on the nodal sets of distorted plane waves. We also obtain a lower bound on the number of nodal domains of the sum of two distorted plane waves with close enough incoming directions , for a small generic perturbation of a metric of negative curvature satisfying the topological pressure assumption.