Submitted by PPG Educa??o (educacao-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-18T21:24:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RITA MUHLE.pdf: 6244239 bytes, checksum: f64b8b94a4dd8537a95d15e8e8b2f56a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-01T11:10:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RITA MUHLE.pdf: 6244239 bytes, checksum: f64b8b94a4dd8537a95d15e8e8b2f56a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-01T11:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RITA MUHLE.pdf: 6244239 bytes, checksum: f64b8b94a4dd8537a95d15e8e8b2f56a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This doctoral research theme of interest is related to the use of green areas, preserved or not, by universities and how the use of these areas are integrated with the educational processes considering the presence of ecosystems, gardens, fauna, flora, among other natural elements in the university space for student?s training, academic community and environmental management in general. To this progressive internalization of environmental concern in management and in training of university subjects we call university's environmentalization (greening process). When the university uses or possesses green areas, it can have an important tool in hands with the potential to contribute to its sustainability. In this way, the research sought to understand how these non-conventional educational spaces are constituted and how they are thought and perceived by the universities within a context that seeks sustainability and ethical-environmental engagement. It also sought to identify the common elements present in these relations and aims to contribute to the recognition of the potential uses of these spaces, such as outdoor education. As a field of research, eight universities in Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil, which have green areas under their legal responsibility and / or management, were delimited. The green areas were gardens and botanical gardens, Permanent Preservation Areas, Legal Reserves, Private Natural Heritage Reserves and Wildlife Refuge. The qualitative approach was the method used that privileged participant observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, the report of the people involved with these places, and document analysis. In this methodological path, two important and complementary stages stand out, which ultimately show the techniques to be used: bibliographic research and the field work in the mentioned Higher Education Institutions that are included in this context of possessing green areas and environmental management and sustainability policies. The research sought to base the study theoretically based on the references of Anthropology, Philosophy, Environmental Psychology and Sociology, articulating with the field of Education and Environmental Education. The results pointed to something that could be seen as emptying the sense of place of these spaces and how their existence depends on the people engaged beyond the responsibility of the institutions. Universities are struggling with greening processes, but the places of the green spaces are uncertain and fragile. Reflection on the insertion of a smaller ecology and a smaller education in the use of areas could bring them back to life. / A tem?tica de interesse desta pesquisa de doutorado est? relacionada ao uso de ?reas verdes, preservadas ou n?o, pelas universidades e como esses usos est?o integrados a processos educativos que tomem em conta a presen?a de ecossistemas, jardins, fauna, flora, entre outros elementos naturais presentes no espa?o universit?rio de forma??o dos estudantes, da comunidade acad?mica e de gest?o ambiental de um modo geral. A esta progressiva internaliza??o da preocupa??o ambiental na forma??o dos sujeitos universit?rios e na gest?o chamamos ambientaliza??o da universidade. Quando a universidade faz uso ou ? possuidora de ?reas verdes pode ter em suas m?os uma importante ferramenta com potencial de contribuir com sua sustentabilidade. Desta forma, a pesquisa buscou compreender como s?o constitu?dos estes espa?os educacionais n?o convencionais e como eles s?o pensados e percebidos pelas universidades dentro de um contexto que busca sustentabilidade e engajamento ?tico-ambiental. Procurou tamb?m identificar os elementos em comum presentes nestas rela??es e pretende com isso contribuir no reconhecimento das potencialidades de usos destes espa?os, como por exemplo outdoor education. Como campo de pesquisa foram delimitadas oito universidades do Rio Grande do Sul ? Brasil, que possuem ?reas verdes sob sua responsabilidade legal e/ou gest?o. As ?reas verdes localizadas foram horto e jardins bot?nicos, ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente, Reservas Legais, Reservas Particulares do Patrim?nio Natural e Ref?gio de Vida Silvestre. A abordagem qualitativa foi o m?todo utilizado que privilegiou t?cnicas de observa??o-participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, o relato das pessoas envolvidas com estes lugares e an?lise documental. Neste percurso metodol?gico destacam-se duas etapas importantes e complementares, que em ?ltima an?lise evidenciam as t?cnicas utilizadas: pesquisa bibliogr?fica e o trabalho de campo nas Institui??es de Educa??o Superior citadas, que se inserem neste contexto de possuintes de ?reas verdes e pol?ticas de gest?o ambiental e sustentabilidade. A pesquisa procurou fundamentar teoricamente o estudo a partir dos referenciais da Antropologia, Filosofia, Psicologia Ambiental e Sociologia, articulando-se com o campo da Educa??o e da Educa??o Ambiental. Os resultados apontaram para algo que poderia ser visto como esvaziamento do sentido de lugar destes espa?os e como sua exist?ncia depende das pessoas engajadas para al?m da responsabilidade das institui??es. As universidades est?o se defrontando com os processos de ambientaliza??o, mas o lugar das ?reas verdes ? incerto e fr?gil. A reflex?o sobre a inser??o de uma ecologia menor e uma educa??o menor no uso das ?reas poderia traz?-las de volta ? vida.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia El?trica (engenharia.pg.eletrica@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-08T13:54:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_VINICIUS_DOTH_DIS.pdf: 9281309 bytes, checksum: d26fbf7274d4c8eb7158a2d987437b1b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-18T12:49:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_VINICIUS_DOTH_DIS.pdf: 9281309 bytes, checksum: d26fbf7274d4c8eb7158a2d987437b1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T12:58:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO_VINICIUS_DOTH_DIS.pdf: 9281309 bytes, checksum: d26fbf7274d4c8eb7158a2d987437b1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Wide Area Motion Imagery (WAMI) systems acquire large area aerial images in real time to provide accurate situational awareness information from a region (BLASCH et al., 2014). This system is applied for urban aerial monitoring. Unfavorable environmental conditions, such as shadow regions, are factors that increase system complexity by compromising the effectiveness of tracking algorithms and human visual interpretation (PORTER; FRASER; HUSH, 2010). Several techniques of shadow removal in aerial images have been developed, however due to the characteristics of the shadow and aerial image, a specific method to evaluate and compare the removal is unknown. The main objective of this study is to develop a method to evaluate shadow removal algorithms in aerial images acquired by the WAMI system. This work proposes a radiometric approach modifying the illumination in a controlled environment, simulating an aerial scene, acquiring images with and without the presence of shadows. The image with shadows is processed by the evaluated shadow removal algorithm, with the ideal output being the shadow free image. Shadow detection is evaluated using the confusion matrix concept. Shadow removal is evaluated using the structural similarity index (SSIM). As a result the reduced scale aerial scene model is presented to generate shadow and freeshadow images and the evaluation of 3 shadow removal methods using the data sets of images obtained from the scale model applying the methodology developed. / Sistemas WAMI (Wide Area Motion Imagery) adquirem imagens a?reas de grandes ?reas em tempo real para prover informa??es precisas de uma determinada regi?o (BLASCH et al., 2014). Este sistema ? aplicado para monitoramento a?reo urbano. Condi??es ambientais desfavor?veis, como ?reas sombreadas, s?o fatores que aumentam a complexidade do sistema comprometendo a efic?cia de algoritmos de rastreamento e a interpreta??o visual humana (PORTER; FRASER; HUSH, 2010). Diversas t?cnicas de remo??o de sombra em imagens a?reas foram desenvolvidas, no entanto devido ?s caracter?sticas da sombra e da imagem a?rea ? desconhecido um m?todo espec?fico para avaliar e comparar a remo??o de sombras em imagens a?reas. O objetivo principal deste estudo ? desenvolver um m?todo para avaliar algoritmos de remo??o de sombra em imagens a?reas adquiridas pelo sistema WAMI. Este trabalho prop?e uma abordagem radiom?trica modificando a ilumina??o em um ambiente controlado, simulando uma cena a?rea, adquirindo imagens com e sem sombras. A imagem com sombra ? processada pelo algoritmo de remo??o de sombra avaliado, sendo a imagem sem sombra o resultado ideal a ser alcan?ado. A detec??o de sombra ? avaliada utilizando o conceito de matriz de confus?o (error matrix). A remo??o de sombra ? avaliada utilizando o ?ndice de similaridade estrutural entre duas imagens (SSIM). Foram desenvolvidos o modelo de cena a?rea em escala reduzida para gerar imagens com e sem sombra e a avalia??o de 3 m?todos de remo??o de sombras utilizando os data sets de imagens obtidas do modelo em escala aplicando a metodologia descrita.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-12T13:52:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA GIOVANA GRANGEIRO CANARIO.pdf: 2264795 bytes, checksum: 84e24d47f7735c088b2ddf0e76212f12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T13:52:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA GIOVANA GRANGEIRO CANARIO.pdf: 2264795 bytes, checksum: 84e24d47f7735c088b2ddf0e76212f12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / For decades, soil has been used as a mean of final disposal of industrial and domestic waste due to its supposed buffering capacity and its self-depuration potential that would allow its recovery without the emergence of large environmental impacts. Considered as an unlimited receiver of harmful substances, an infinity of materials was discarded without treatment in economically convenient locations; that's because economic issues overlapped the environmental ones and there was also a lack of awareness of the serious impact that this type of disposal could cause to the environment and to living beings, not to mention the absence of environmental legislations to regulate such matters. Only in the 70's, after the occurrence of great environmental disasters and environment and people contamination, specific legislations concerning this topic started to emerge. In Brazil, the soil issue was included in some environmental-oriented public policies. However, only in 2000, the National Environmental Council (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente - CONAMA) approved the first specific rule dealing with soil contamination; in parallel, Sao Paulo State Environmental Agency (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de S?o Paulo - CETESB), in 1999, drew up the Management Manual of Contaminated Areas, with the main purpose of defining procedures for carrying out the administration of these areas. The Manual is based on a methodology composed of sequential stages, in which the information gotten in a stage is the basis for the execution of the following one, and it is divided in two processes that establish the management basis of contaminated areas, called Process of Identification and Process of Rehabilitation. The main goal of the present study is to elaborate a critical evaluation of the methodology used in the processes of soil inquiry concerning the stages described in the Process of Identification (stages: definition of the interest region; identification of potentially contaminated areas; preliminary evaluation) defined by CETESB in its Manual of Management of Contaminated Areas and in Board Decision No. 103/2007/E/C and 038/2017/C, as well as to raise possible imperfections in the conduction of these stages, beyond enumerating the consequences to the following stages, elaborating at the end a diagnosis on the conduction of these processes. After a critical review of the methodologies adopted for the Management of Contaminated Areas in the State of S?o Paulo, it shall be noticed that the completion of the Preliminary Evaluation stage and the preparation of the Initial Conceptual Model based only on historical information and field surveys have no precision and necessary accuracy to base the following stages of the process. The large number of uncertainties, especially regarding to the physical environment, the chemical substances of interest and the contaminant behavior in the soil, can significantly compromise the stages of management, most of all, it can lead to mistakes in the results of the identification process and in the area remediation. / Durante d?cadas, o solo foi utilizado como meio de disposi??o final de res?duos industriais e dom?sticos em virtude de seu suposto poder tamp?o e potencial de autodepura??o, que permitiria sua recupera??o sem o surgimento de grandes impactos para o meio. Considerado um receptor ilimitado de subst?ncias nocivas, uma infinidade de materiais foi descartada sem tratamento em locais economicamente convenientes; isso porque quest?es econ?micas sobrepunham-se ?s ambientais e havia, ainda, um desconhecimento dos graves impactos que este tipo de disposi??o poderia causar ao ambiente e aos seres vivos, sem mencionar a aus?ncia de legisla??o ambiental que regulasse tais quest?es. Somente na d?cada de setenta, ap?s a ocorr?ncia de grandes cat?strofes ambientais e contamina??o do ambiente e de pessoas, que come?ou a surgir legisla??es espec?ficas que tratavam do tema. No Brasil, a quest?o do solo foi contemplada em algumas pol?ticas p?blicas de cunho ambiental. Entretanto, somente em 2000, o Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) aprovou a primeira norma espec?fica que trata de contamina??o do solo; em paralelo a Companhia Ambiental do Estado de S?o Paulo (CETESB), em 1999, elaborou o Manual de Gerenciamento de ?reas Contaminadas, com a principal finalidade de definir procedimentos para realiza??o do gerenciamento dessas ?reas. O Manual ? baseado em uma metodologia constitu?da por etapas sequenciais, cuja informa??o obtida em uma etapa ? a base para a execu??o da etapa subsequente, e ? dividido em dois processos que constituem a base do gerenciamento de ?reas contaminadas, denominados Processo de Identifica??o e Processo de Reabilita??o. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal elaborar uma avalia??o cr?tica da metodologia utilizada nos processos de investiga??o de solo no que diz respeito ?s etapas definidas no Processo de Identifica??o (etapas: defini??o da regi?o de interesse; identifica??o de ?reas potencialmente contaminadas; avalia??o preliminar) definidas pela CETESB em seu Manual de Gerenciamento de ?reas Contaminadas e nas Decis?es de Diretoria n? 103/2007/E/C e 038/2017/C e levantar poss?veis falhas na condu??o destas etapas, al?m de enumerar as consequ?ncias para as fases subsequentes, elaborando ao final um diagn?stico sobre a condu??o destes processos. Ap?s avalia??o cr?tica das metodologias adotadas para o Gerenciamento de ?reas Contaminadas no Estado de S?o Paulo, conclui-se que a realiza??o da etapa de Avalia??o Preliminar e elabora??o do Modelo Conceitual Inicial baseadas apenas em informa??es hist?ricas existentes e vistorias em campo, n?o possui precis?o e acur?cia necess?rias para basear as etapas subsequentes do processo. O grande n?mero de incertezas, principalmente no que se refere ao meio f?sico, subst?ncias qu?micas de interesse e comportamento do contaminante no solo, pode comprometer significativamente as etapas do gerenciamento, ocasionando equ?vocos nos resultados do processo de identifica??o e na remedia??o da ?rea.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Fornari Del Monte Fanelli.pdf: 7622660 bytes, checksum: b56c44a5bfad1f271e30f8065433ecdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / This dissertation seeks to understand the process of expansion of central area of Jundia? in the direction of the main roads that run through the city , situating it in the context of urbanization of the metropolitan Urban Agglomeration of Jundia? . Investigates the consequences caused by this interrelationship into town and to the local and regional mobility . Analyzes changes that territory under Macrometropolis Paulista , socio-spatial influences arising and behavior of agents involved in the production of urban space , with emphasis on the performance of the government . Methodologically the research was based on three scales of analysis : the Urban Agglomeration , the municipality and the central area of Jundia? . Analyzes , from the identification of landscape units formed in the process of expanding the vectors traditional center , transformations in the landscape, the urban form and socio-spatial segregation observing the ownership of open space systems in the recent expansion of the central area of Jundia? . / Esta disserta??o busca compreender o processo de expans?o da ?rea central de Jundia? na dire??o dos principais eixos rodovi?rios que cortam a cidade, situando-o no contexto da urbaniza??o metropolitana da Aglomera??o Urbana de Jundia?. Enfoca as transforma??es desse territ?rio no ?mbito da Macrometr?pole Paulista, as decorr?ncias socioespaciais e o comportamento dos fatores que interv?m na produ??o do espa?o urbano, com destaque para a atua??o do poder p?blico. Metodologicamente a pesquisa baseou-se em tr?s escalas de abordagem: a Aglomera??o Urbana, o munic?pio e a ?rea central de Jundia?. Analisa, a partir da identifica??o das unidades de paisagem constitu?das neste processo, os vetores de expans?o do centro tradicional, as transforma??es verificadas na paisagem, na forma urbana e na segrega??o socioespacial observando a apropria??o dos sistemas de espa?os livres na expans?o recente da ?rea central de Jundia?.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Aiga Jucy Fuchshuber da Silva Caldas.pdf: 6021585 bytes, checksum: 9535f5d5885faef6e2d236e33222aa43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-28 / The principal goal of this paper is the formulation of a methodology that allowed the delimitation of the more suitable areas to corridors on Serra da Conc?rdia, Para?ba River Valley, Rio de Janeiro State, using geoprocessing tools. The fragmentation status and the permanent preservation areas status were processed and analysed. Were also processed the soils, the use of the land, the legal destination of the areas, slope, aspect and surfaces curvature, generating thematics maps on a 1:50.000 scale. The steps were produced with the softwares Arcview, Armap, Arcinfo, GPS Track Maker e PCOrd. There were determined weights between zero and one to the attributes of the themes according to their suitability of forest recovering. These themes were then processed with map algebra to generate the areas according to their potential for the establishment of corridors. To evaluate the dynamics of the forest recovering in the period between 1985 and 2004 were used images of different sensors. There were found six soils classes, the most representative of them Cambissolos H?plicos tb distrt?ficos, that in association with Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico occupies 79,8% of the area. The secondary forests occupy the south faces of the hills much more than the north faces. The stages medium and advanced of the secondary forests represent about 49% of the area and are distributed in 72 fragments, two of them bigger than 1.000 ha. The permanent preservation areas represent 53% of Serra da Conc?rdia, being 62.3% of them recovered with secondary forest vegetation. There was a real increment of about 200 ha in the forested areas between 1985 and 2004. The distance among the fragments is small, only one of them is farer than 350 meters, which facilitates dispersion. However the fragments outlines are very irregulars and they have larges border areas, making them more vulnerables. The methodology used to generate the more suitable areas for corridors was efficient. / O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi elaborar metodologia que permitisse determinar as ?reas mais adequadas para instala??o de corredores de h?bitat na regi?o da Serra da Conc?rdia, Vale do Para?ba, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Foram levantados e analisados a situa??o atual da fragmenta??o florestal e das ?reas de preserva??o permanente da regi?o, al?m dos solos e do uso da terra. A partir do modelo digital de eleva??o foram derivados os temas de declividade, faces de orienta??o e a curvatura das superf?cies, todos na escala 1:50.000. Foram utilizando os programas Arcview, Armap, Arcinfo, GPS Track Maker e PCOrd. Todos os temas selecionados foram convertidos para o formato matricial e para seus atributos foram estabelecidos pesos com valores entre 0 e 1, de acordo com a sua adequabilidade para recupera??o natural da vegeta??o florestal com a finalidade de formar corredores. Estes temas foram posteriormente processados atrav?s de ?lgebra de mapa para determinar as ?reas com maior potencial para estabelecimento de corredores de vegeta??o. Para avalia??o da din?mica da cobertura florestal no per?odo de 1985 a 2004 foram utilizadas imagens de diferentes sensores. Foram encontradas seis classes de solos, das quais a mais representativa ? a dos Cambissolos H?plicos tb distrt?ficos, que associado ao Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico ocupa 79,8% da ?rea. A vegeta??o florestal est? mais presente na face sul do que na face norte das vertentes. A vegeta??o secund?ria nos est?gios m?dio e avan?ado de regenera??o representa cerca de 49% da ?rea e est? distribu?da em 72 fragmentos, dois dos quais maiores que 1.000 ha. As ?reas de preserva??o permanente ocupam 53% da Serra, estando 62,3% cobertos por vegeta??o secund?ria nos est?gios m?dio e avan?ado de regenera??o. As regi?es ciliares s?o as ?reas de preserva??o permanente menos preservadas. No per?odo de 1985 a 2004 houve um aumento real de aproximadamente 200 ha de ?rea de florestas. A dist?ncia entre os fragmentos ? pequena, apenas um est? a mais de 350m, o que facilita a dispers?o de prop?gulos e de indiv?duos. No entanto, os contornos dos fragmentos s?o bastante irregulares, com grande ?rea de borda, o que os deixa mais vulner?veis. A metodologia utilizada mostrou-se eficiente para escolha das ?reas mais adequadas para estabelecimento de corredores de h?bitat.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T19:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bernardo Milward de Azevedo Spinelli.pdf: 2468118 bytes, checksum: 8b86d55b4fe024e0a43e7aca610af976 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T19:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bernardo Milward de Azevedo Spinelli.pdf: 2468118 bytes, checksum: 8b86d55b4fe024e0a43e7aca610af976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / The Brazilian New Forestry Law establishes a farmer?s commitment with environmental adequacy of its properties. The Permanent Preservation Areas, currently used in the properties with crops and pastures in many cases need to a restauration techniques. The new law allows the exploration of agroforestry systems (AFS) even in areas of permanent preservation, since do not mischaracterize the native preexisting vegetation either not being detrimental to environmental function to protecting water springs, erosion protection and increasing biodiversity. This study aimed to systematize the author's personal experiences with agroforestry systems in the Atlantic Forest domain regions and show different techniques and implantation strategies and management of agroforestry systems that can be employed day to day by farmers, especially the small family farmer. The different AFS deployed were based on biodiversity and plant succession, with low use of inputs and capital resources. The structure of the recommended systems was grounded on labor, family labor, in multistrata systems and the use of common plants in each location with high biomass production potential to enhance nutrient cycling. On average, more than 30 species were introduced in each AFS and the issues related to the choice of species to plant recognizing the soil quality from indicator plants were discussed. In addition, how to plan and distribute the plants in agroforestry designs were also described in detail. The best ways of how to plant and manage, with pruning, different species in biodiverse agroforestry systems included in this dissertation were presented from about 20 years of the author's experience in order to assist all those interested in working with this theme. / O Novo C?digo Florestal estabelece o compromisso por parte dos produtores rurais com a adequa??o ambiental de suas propriedades. As ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente, hoje utilizadas nas propriedades para cultivos agr?colas e pastagens, em muitos casos necessitar?o ser recuperadas. A nova lei permite a explora??o de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) at? mesmo em ?reas de preserva??o permanente, desde que n?o descaracterize a cobertura vegetal nativa existente e nem prejudique a fun??o ambiental da ?rea, protegendo nascentes, combatendo a eros?o e aumentando a biodiversidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo sistematizar experi?ncias pessoais do autor com sistemas agroflorestais em regi?es de dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica, mostrando diferentes t?cnicas e estrat?gias de implanta??o e manejo de SAFs que podem ser empregadas no dia a dia dos produtor rural, principalmente, do pequeno agricultor familiar. Os diferentes SAFs implantados foram baseados na biodiversidade e sucess?o vegetal, com baixo uso de insumos e recursos de capital. A estrutura dos sistemas preconizados foi alicer?ada na m?o-de-obra familiar, em multiestratos, na utiliza??o de plantas comuns em cada localidade com potencial de produ??o de biomassa, para intensificar a ciclagem de nutrientes. Em m?dia mais de 30 esp?cies eram introduzidas em cada SAF e as quest?es relacionados com a escolha das esp?cies, onde plantar reconhecendo a qualidade do solo a partir de plantas indicadoras foram abordadas. Al?m disso, como planejar e distribuir as plantas em desenhos agroflorestais tamb?m foram processos detalhadamente descritos. As melhores formas de como plantar e manejar, com podas, as diferentes esp?cies nos SAFs biodiversos constam desta disserta??o e foram apresentados a partir de cerca de 20 anos de experi?ncia do autor com intuito de auxiliar todos aqueles interessados em trabalhar com tem?tica.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-31T17:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela de Sousa Gomes.pdf: 1653692 bytes, checksum: 31b6b096a06b65f4844bd7dc42f042a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T17:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafaela de Sousa Gomes.pdf: 1653692 bytes, checksum: 31b6b096a06b65f4844bd7dc42f042a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-23 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Shallow coastal marine systems are highly productive and widely recognized by their roles as important habitats for several bottom dwelling or water column fish and invertebrate species. Several mechanisms can influence fish distribution among the coastal marine systems, such as biotic interaction (e.g. predation, competition) and abiotic influences (e.g. type of sediment, turbidity). This study was carried out in sandy beaches of coastal systems that included unsheltered oceanic beaches and sandy beaches in two large embayment (Sepetiba and Ilha Grande). Quarterly samplings were performed to collect fishes, sediment and to measure environmental variables in three sandy beaches of each system during 2014 and 2015. The aim were: 1) to determine and compare the relationship fish and benthic invertebrate among the three systems, and to detect eventual influences of environmental variables on the structure of these two biotic communities and, 2) to compare the ichthyofauna in relation to beta diversity, taxonomic distinctiveness and environmental heterogeneity, to test the hypothesis that systems with high environmental heterogeneity have higher beta diversity. Granulometric composition and environmental variables differed among the systems, with comparatively higher turbidity in the Sepetiba Bay, lower nutrient concentrations in the Ilha Grande Bay and higher salinity in the Oceanic Beaches. The highest abundance of benthic invertebrate was found in the bays, whereas the Oceanic Beaches have the lowest numbers, which can be associated to physical dynamic of wave action in the this latter system that can the potentiality to remove invertebrate from the sediments, resulting in their exposure to predation. Fish and benthic invertebrate were influenced by environmental variables but no significant correlation was found between fish and invertebrate communities. However, some specific strong relationship was found between particular species of fish and invertebrate. For example, the flatfish Citharichthys spilopterus was positively related to representant of the Crustacean from Amphipoda and Tanaidacea orders, and from Polychaeta of Opheliida and Polygordiida orders, suggesting a dependence relationship between fish and invertebrates that can be used as fish feeding prey. The coastal systems did not differ in environmental heterogeneity, whereas the beta diversity was highest in the Ilha Grande Bay, which is probably associated to better preservation of their beaches. We did not detect significant relationship between beta diversity and environmental heterogeneity, which can be attributed to the examined environmental variables that did not influence markedly fish distribution. Taxonomic distinctiveness had positive correlation with species richness, thus the higher the richness the higher the taxonomic distinctiveness that can be associated to interspecific relationship, since species closely related tend to compete for similar resources. Thus, the addition of new phylogenetically distant species will occupy different niches. We suggest that fish turnover (beta diversity) should be included in environmental management plans, as a tool to supply the basis to selection size of areas to be priorized for conservation, aiming to protect the maximum of biological diversity. / Ambientes marinhos costeiros rasos s?o altamente produtivos e amplamente reconhecidos como importantes habitats para muitas esp?cies de peixes e invertebrados associados ao substrato ou ? coluna da ?gua. Diversos mecanismos podem influenciar a distribui??o de peixes entre os sistemas costeiros marinhos, como intera??es biol?gicas (e.g., preda??o, competi??o) e abi?ticas (e.g., tipo de sedimento, turbidez). O presente trabalho foi realizado em sistemas costeiros na regi?o sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que incluem praias arenosas oce?nicas desprotegidas e praias arenosas dentro de dois grandes sistemas de ba?as (Sepetiba e Ilha Grande). Amostragens de peixes, sedimento e tomada de vari?veis ambientais foram realizadas trimestralmente em tr?s praias arenosas de cada sistema durante os anos de 2014 e 2015. Os objetivos foram: 1) determinar e comparar a rela??o entre peixes e invertebrados bent?nicos entre os tr?s sistemas costeiros, e detectar eventuais influ?ncias das vari?veis ambientais na estrutura destas duas comunidades bi?ticas; e 2) comparar a ictiofauna em rela??o ? diversidade beta, distin??o taxon?mica e heterogeneidade ambiental, visando testar a hip?tese de que ambientes com maior heterogeneidade ambiental apresentam maior diversidade beta. A composi??o granulom?trica e as vari?veis ambientais variaram significativamente entre os sistemas costeiros, com maior turbidez na Ba?a de Sepetiba, maior salinidade nas praias oce?nicas e menores concentra??es de nutrientes na Ba?a da Ilha Grande. A maior abund?ncia de invertebrados bent?nicos foi observada nas ba?as, com a Ba?a de Ilha Grande destacando-se pelo maior n?mero de indiv?duos, enquanto as praias oce?nicas apresentaram as menores ocorr?ncias, o que pode estar associado a fatores f?sicos, principalmente a a??o de ondas, que pode remover invertebrados do sedimento, acarretando numa maior exposi??o ? preda??o. As composi??es de peixes e invertebrados bent?nicos foram influenciadas pelas vari?veis ambientais e a comunidade de invertebrados bent?nicos n?o apresentou correla??o significativa com a ictiofauna, entretanto algumas correla??es pontuais consistentes foram observadas entre peixes e invertebrados. Por exemplo, o linguado Citharichthys spilopterus, foi positivamente correlacionado com representantes de Crustacea das ordens Amphipoda e Tanaid?cea e Polychaeta das ordens Opheliida e Polygordiida, o que sugere uma rela??o de depend?ncia destes peixes por estes invertebrados que podem estar sendo utilizados como recursos alimentares. Os sistemas costeiros n?o diferiram quanto ? heterogeneidade ambiental, enquanto a diversidade beta foi maior na Baia da Ilha Grande, o que pode estar associado ao estado de melhor preserva??o dos locais amostrados. N?o foi encontrada rela??o significativa entre a diversidade beta e a heterogeneidade ambiental, o que pode ser atribu?do ? escolha das vari?veis ambientais que n?o influenciam na distribui??o da ictiofauna. A distin??o taxon?mica apresentou correla??o positiva com a riqueza de esp?cies. Assim, quanto maior o n?mero de esp?cies, maior a distin??o taxon?mica e esse fato pode estar relacionado a intera??es interespec?ficas, j? que esp?cies proximamente relacionadas geralmente competem pelos mesmos recursos, assim a adi??o de novas esp?cies distanciadas filogeneticamente ocuparia diferentes nichos. Sugerimos que a rotatividade da ictiofauna (diversidade beta) deve ser considerada em planos de gerenciamento ambiental, j? que esta ferramenta pode fornecer bases para sele??o e delineamento de tamanhos de ?reas priorizadas para a conserva??o, visando proteger o m?ximo da diversidade biol?gica.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-08T13:06:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ana Carolina Marques de Oliveira.pdf: 2679291 bytes, checksum: 45f07178e07bd1ba891d59c35b4f71a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Ana Carolina Marques de Oliveira.pdf: 2679291 bytes, checksum: 45f07178e07bd1ba891d59c35b4f71a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / In a scenery of lack of financial and human resources for the protected areas management, and great anthropic pressure in the territory around them, the mosaics of protected areas rise as a strategies to enforce their implementation and improve their management. By involving protected areas from different spheres of government, private protected areas, and representatives of civil society, mosaics are an integrated management figure of the territory that requires great effort of articulation and present a singular complexity for a management which is indeed participatory. The mosaics are managed by councils composed of representatives of government and civil society, with the conduction by a coordination and executive secretariat. Often, the lack of financial and human resources dedicated to its management makes the work of mosaics of protected areas intermittent. This leads to its destructuring and reduces its capacity of action and articulation for environmental management of the territory. Furthermore, as an instrument of public policy, it is important that the effectiveness of the mosaics be periodically evaluated and improved. This study aims to evaluate this management effectiveness and verify the common potentials and challenges in the management of Mosaics of Protected Areas. This evaluation was made by applying the Gidsick?s protocol (2013), adapted by Hermmann e Costa (2015). The results showed that the Central Fluminense and Mico-le?o-dourado mosaics show medium effectiveness, the Carioca and Bocaina mosaics show low effectiveness and the Mantiqueira mosaic shows no effectiveness on its management. Besides that, all of them show to be effective on their governance, but with serious difficulties in the management scope, which affects the capacity of execution and effectiveness of the sociodiversity and biodiversity aspects. Comparisons were made between the mosaics studied to support the elaboration of proposals for their improvement, using cluster analysis and a qualitative matrix of effectiveness. The proposals developed should be discussed and accepted by the mosaic councils and adapted by them so that they can be implemented. The strengthening of mosaics will only be achieved through actions involving a real partnership between government and civil society, with a division of responsibilities and activities so that this conservation tool can function efficiently. However, it is essential that the government and civil society take joint responsibility for this conservation instrument to function efficiently. / Em um cen?rio de car?ncia de recursos financeiros e humanos para a gest?o de unidades de conserva??o, e de grande press?o antr?pica nos territ?rios que as envolvem, os Mosaicos de ?reas Protegidas surgem como uma das estrat?gias para fortalecer a implementa??o e aprimorar a gest?o das mesmas. Por envolver Unidades de Conserva??o de diferentes esferas de governo, ?reas particulares e representantes da sociedade civil, os mosaicos s?o uma figura de gest?o integrada do territ?rio que exige grande esfor?o de articula??o e apresentam uma complexidade singular para a gest?o participativa de fato. Os mosaicos s?o geridos por colegiado composto por representantes do governo e da sociedade civil, com a condu??o por uma coordena??o e secretaria executiva. Muitas vezes, a falta de recursos financeiros e humanos dedicados ? sua gest?o faz com que o trabalho dos mosaicos de ?reas protegidas se mostre intermitente. Isto leva ? sua desestrutura??o e reduz sua capacidade de atua??o e articula??o para gest?o ambiental do territ?rio. Al?m disso, como instrumento de pol?tica p?blica, ? importante que a efetividade dos mosaicos seja periodicamente avaliada e melhorada. Este estudo visa avaliar a efetividade de gest?o e verificar as potencialidades e os desafios comuns na gest?o dos Mosaicos de ?reas Protegidas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta avalia??o foi realizada com base no Protocolo de Gidsicki (2013), adaptado por Hermmann e Costa (2015). Os resultados mostraram que os mosaicos Central Fluminense e Mico Le?o Dourado apresentam efetividade m?dia, Carioca e Bocaina efetividade baixa, e Mantiqueira n?o apresenta efetividade. Apesar disso, todos se mostram efetivos no aspecto de governan?a, mas com dificuldades no ?mbito gest?o, o que afeta a capacidade de execu??o e a efetividade nos ?mbitos sociodiversidade e biodiversidade. Foram tra?adas compara??es entre os mosaicos estudados para embasar a elabora??o de propostas para o seu fortalecimento, utilizando an?lise de agrupamento e matriz qualitativa de efetividade. As propostas desenvolvidas devem ser discutidas e aceitas pelos conselhos de mosaico e adaptadas por eles para que possam ser implementadas. O fortalecimento dos mosaicos s? ser? alcan?ado por meio de a??es que envolvam uma parceria real entre governo e sociedade civil, com divis?o de responsabilidades e atividades para que este instrumento de conserva??o possa funcionar de maneira eficiente.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-16T18:43:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Felipe Martins Cordeiro de Mello.pdf: 3086568 bytes, checksum: a0ef07009412e60bba5d202f649f3f0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T18:43:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Felipe Martins Cordeiro de Mello.pdf: 3086568 bytes, checksum: a0ef07009412e60bba5d202f649f3f0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-21 / MacArthur Foundation / In their origins, and especially from the point of view of conservation biology, ecological corridors were defined as portions of natural or semi-natural - restored - ecosystems that connected forest fragments, located generally in protected areas, in order to enable among them the movement of the biota and thus the gene flow. It should be noted a dual function: to both facilitate the dispersion of species and recolonization of degraded areas, and ensure the maintenance of populations that require, for their survival, natural areas with greater extent of that contained in protected areas considered separately. This initial concept, strictly biological imprint, acquired an interdisciplinary character when incorporated the socio-cultural and economic dimensions giving rise to the concept of Biodiversity Corridor. It corresponds to a large area of extreme biological importance, consisting of a network of protected areas interspersed with varying degrees of human occupation or different forms of land use, in which the management is integrated to ensure the survival of all species the maintenance of ecological and evolutionary processes and the development of a strong regional economy. This is a proposal for spatial planning to plan conservation actions on a regional scale and involving different sectors of society. Within this perspective, several international and national initiatives are being put into practice using as basis the concept of connectivity. In Australia the government created the National Wildlife Corridors and is implementing, on a continental scale, actions to restore connectivity. In the Mesoamerican region an initiative involving eight countries - the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor - has achieved good conservation outcomes which influenced one of these countries - Costa Rica - to implement the National Biological Corridors as one of the bases of its environmental policy. In Brazil, where the concepts of connectivity and corridors have been implemented for over almost two decades, important advances have been recorded. In the state of Esp?rito Santo, for example, actions to implement the Central Corridor of the Atlantic are running and bringing direct benefits to the stakeholders. This study aimed to evaluate different initiatives of biodiversity corridors around the world and in Brazil doing a critical analysis of the successes and difficulties encountered and suggesting recommendations to contribute to the improvement of the same. / Em seus origens e, sobretudo, do ponto de vista da conserva??o biol?gica, os Corredores Ecol?gicos foram definidos como por??es de ecossistemas naturais ou seminaturais ?restaurados-, que ligam remanescentes florestais, localizados, em geral, em Unidades de Conserva??o, com objetivo de possibilitar entre eles o movimento da biota e, consequentemente, o fluxo de genes. Salienta-se assim uma dupla fun??o: tanto facilitar a dispers?o de esp?cies e a recoloniza??o de ?reas degradadas, como assegurar a manuten??o de popula??es que demandam para sua sobreviv?ncia ?reas naturais com extens?o maior de aquela contida em Unidades de Conserva??o consideradas separadamente. Esse conceito inicial, de cunho estritamente biol?gico, adquiriu um car?ter interdisciplinar quando incorporou as dimens?es socioculturais e econ?micas dando origem ao conceito de Corredor de Biodiversidade. Ele corresponde a uma grande ?rea de extrema import?ncia biol?gica, composta por uma rede de unidades de conserva??o entremeadas por ?reas com variados graus de ocupa??o humana ou diferentes formas de uso da terra, na qual o manejo ? integrado para garantir a sobreviv?ncia de todas as esp?cies, a manuten??o de processos ecol?gicos e evolutivos e o desenvolvimento de uma economia regional forte. Trata-se de uma proposta de ordenamento territorial de modo a planejar a??es de conserva??o em uma escala regional e envolvendo diversos setores da sociedade. Dentro dessa ?tica, v?rias iniciativas internacionais e nacionais est?o sendo postas em pr?ticas utilizando como base, o conceito de conectividade. Na Austr?lia o governo criou o Plano Nacional de Corredores da Vida Selvagem e vem implementando, em escala continental, a??es para restaura??o da conectividade. Na regi?o Mesoamericana uma iniciativa que envolve oito pa?ses ? o Corredor Biol?gico Mesoamericano ? vem alcan?ando bons resultados de conserva??o o que influenciou um desses pa?ses ? a Costa Rica ? a implementar o Programa Nacional de Corredores Biol?gicos como uma das bases de sua pol?tica ambiental. No Brasil, aonde os conceitos de conectividade e de corredores v?m sendo implementados ao longo de quase duas d?cadas, importantes avan?os tem sido registrados. No estado do Esp?rito Santo, por exemplo, a??es para implanta??o do Corredor Central da Mata Atl?ntica est?o sendo executadas e trazendo benef?cios diretos para as partes envolvidas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes iniciativas de corredores de biodiversidade ao redor do mundo e no Brasil fazendo uma an?lise cr?tica dos ?xitos alcan?ados e das dificuldades encontradas e sugerindo recomenda??es visando contribuir para o aprimoramento das mesmas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoAM_DISSERT.pdf: 5502694 bytes, checksum: d051828d181dfb9f8252bf513e59510c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / In this dissertation, we present a study on the teaching of volume of the sphere and the area of spherical surface. On this topic, a quali-quantitative was taken survey with the objective of identifying how these topics are addressed. For this, we made 14 questions to 30 teachers of Natal and the results of this survey are presented and discussed. After that, we present alternative ways to derive the formulas of the volume of a sphere and the are of a spherical surface / Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo sobre o ensino das f?rmulas para o c?lculo do volume da esfera e da ?rea da superf?cie esf?rica. Sobre este tema, foi feita uma pesquisa de car?ter quanti-qualitativo com o objetivo de identi car de que forma estes temas s?o abordados. Para isso, zemos 14 perguntas a 30 professores de Natal e os resultados desta pesquisa s?o apresentados e discutidos. Depois disso, apresentamos formas alternativas de deduzir as f?rmulas do volume de uma esfera e da ?rea de uma superf?cie esf?rica.