Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CatiaALM_DISSERT.pdf: 1287414 bytes, checksum: 24b6c90e93ec6846afbd8ee3d7271dfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-14 / This study presents a comparative analysis of methodologies about weighted factors considered in the selection of areas for deployment of Sanitary Landfills, applying the methodologies of classification criteria with scoring bands Gomes, Coelho, Erba & Veronez (2000); Waquil et al, 2000. That means, we have the Scoring System used by Union of Municipalities of Bahia and the Quality Index Landfill Waste (IQR) which are applyed for this study in Massaranduba Sanitary Landfill located in the municipality of Cear? Mirim /RN, northeastern of Brazil. The study was conducted in order to classify the methodologies and to give support for future studies on environmental management segment, with main goal to propose suited methodologies which allow safety and rigor during the selection, deployment and management of sanitary landfill, in the Brazilian municipalities, in order to help them in the process to extinction of their dumps, in according of Brazilian Nacional Plan of Solid Waste. During this investigation we have studied the characteristics of the site as morphological, hydrogeological, environmental and socio-economic to permit the installation. We consider important to mention the need of deployment from Rio Grande do Norte State Secretary of Environment and Water (SEMARH), Institute of Sustainable Development and Environment of RN (IDEMA), as well, from Federal and Municipal Governments a public policies for the integrated management of urban solid waste that address environmental preservation and improvement of health conditions of the population of the Rio Grande do Norte / Apresenta-se neste trabalho a an?lise comparativa dos m?todos dos fatores ponderados na sele??o de ?reas para implanta??o de aterros sanit?rio, aplicando as metodologias de crit?rios classificat?rios, com faixas de pontua??o, no aterro sanit?rio de Massaranduba, localizado no munic?pio de Cear? Mirim/RN. O Estudo foi realizado a partir da necessidade de termos uma metodologia ou seguir alguma metodologia de baixa complexidade tecnol?gica e baixo custo operacional para a sele??o de ?reas prop?cias para a implanta??o de aterros sanit?rios nos diversos munic?pios do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A partir da exig?ncia legal, com a aprova??o da Lei 12.305/2010, que instituiu a Pol?tica Nacional de Res?duos S?lidos, e que prev? a extin??o dos lix?es, considerando-se tamb?m as caracter?sticas locais, ambientais e s?cio-econ?micas encontradas que possibilitem essa instala??o. O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, atrav?s da Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos H?dricos (SEMARH) e o Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel e Meio Ambiente do RN (IDEMA), autoridades federais, estaduais e municipais, na defini??o de pol?ticas p?blicas voltadas para a gest?o integral dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos que contemplem a preserva??o ambiental e as melhorias das condi??es sanit?rias da popula??o potiguar, dever?o estruturar e planejar a??es com medidas mitigadoras para que os 97% dos munic?pios do Estado atendam as exig?ncias legais e consigam extinguir a situa??o atual da destina??o inadequada dos seus res?duos s?lidos urbanos em lix?es a c?u aberto conforme dados de 2009. O estudo conclui que, a ?rea do aterro sanit?rio de Massaranduba foi classificada como ?tima pelo m?todo do IQR, aceit?vel pelo Sistema de Pontua??o e por Gomes; Coelho; Erba & Verovez e por Waquil et al. O estudo tamb?m conclui que, dentre os m?todos analisados, para este estudo de caso, o da Uni?o dos Munic?pios da Bahia(Sistema de Pontua??o) apresenta-se como o mais rigoroso para a sele??o de ?reas e o IQR como o mais flex?vel

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-24T12:36:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaAntongiovanniDaFonseca_TESE.pdf: 4205215 bytes, checksum: df6f57417e4ce36d171d894870361a2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-29T11:36:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaAntongiovanniDaFonseca_TESE.pdf: 4205215 bytes, checksum: df6f57417e4ce36d171d894870361a2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T11:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaAntongiovanniDaFonseca_TESE.pdf: 4205215 bytes, checksum: df6f57417e4ce36d171d894870361a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Informa??o confi?vel em larga ? essencial para tomadores de decis?o que lidam com conserva??o da biodiversidade, restaura??o de ecossistemas, manejos de recursos e pol?ticas ambientais. O bioma Caatinga, um ecossistema semi?rido espalhado por 826.000 km2 do territ?rio brasileiro, apesar de estar altamente fragmentado, ainda mant?m metade da sua cobertura vegetal original. Os remanescentes, no entanto, t?m sido perturbando h? s?culos por uma multiplicidade de amea?as antropog?nicas, incluindo sobrepastejo, extra??o madeireira, fogo e ca?a, entre outro. Apesar disto, a ?rea sobre prote??o est? abaixo do proposto por acordos internacionais e projetos de restaura??o t?m sido escassos. Baseado em m?ltiplas an?lises espacialmente explicitas, os quatro cap?tulos desta Tese tiveram como principais objetivos: (1) analisar quantitativamente a estrutura de fragmenta??o da Caatinga, (2) estimar o n?vel de perturba??o antr?pica cr?nica potencial dos fragmentos da Caatinga, (3) identificar as ?reas priorit?rias de restaura??o da Caatinga, baseado em conectividade da paisagem e na riqueza de esp?cies de plantas amea?adas e (4) comparar a perda de habitat e a taxa de desmatamento das ?reas Priorit?rias de Conserva??o da Caatinga, definidas pelo Minist?rio do Meio Ambiente (MMA), com as ?reas Priorit?rias dos outros biomas brasileiros. An?lises de Sistemas de Informa??o Geogr?fica, executadas sobre informa??es oficiais dispon?veis, evidenciam boas e m?s not?cias para o bioma. Apesar da fragmenta??o j? sofrida pelo bioma, o n?vel de conectividade funcional permanece relativamente alta entre fragmentos e metade da vegeta??o remanescente est? preservada em fragmentos grandes (? 50.000 ha), indicando a exist?ncia de preciosas oportunidades de conserva??o pr?-ativas. Em contraste, o n?vel de fragmenta??o ? intenso e 90% da vegeta??o remanescente ocorre em dist?ncias menores que 2,5 km da borda florestal, permitindo um f?cil acesso ao j? escasso habitat interior. Um ?ndice de Perturba??o Antr?pica Cr?nica (IPC), que sintetiza o efeito de perturba??o potencial de 14 vari?veis prim?rias, indicam que todos os fragmentos de Caatinga est?o sob algum n?vel de perturba??o. No entanto, uma importante heterogeneidade regional foi detectada, com fragmentos mais perturbados ocorrendo nas por??es norte, leste e central do bioma. Apesar do IPC m?dio dos fragmentos n?o estar correlacionado com a sua ?rea, o IPC declina n?o linearmente com a dist?ncia de borda mostrando ?reas relativamente est?veis ap?s 5 km. Simula??es de paisagens, testando a import?ncia de cada bacia hidrogr?fica para a conectividade da paisagem, permitiram a identifica??o de importantes ?reas para restaura??o. Cruzando este crit?rio com o n?mero de esp?cies de plantas amea?adas, foi poss?vel identificar um subconjunto de paisagens chaves para restaura??o que compreendem apenas 8% da ?rea desmatada do bioma. Estimando a taxa de desmatamento de todas as ?reas Priorit?rias para Conserva??o dos biomas terrestres brasileiros, foi poss?vel demonstrar que a Caatinga e o Cerrado exibiram as maiores taxas de perda de habitat, demonstrando novamente a vulnerabilidade do bioma. Espera-se que as informa??es aqui disponibilizadas possam ajudar tomadores de decis?o, nacionais e estaduais, a avan?ar pol?ticas para a conserva??o, restaura??o e manejo da biodiversidade. / Reliable landscape information at large spatial scale is essential for decision makers dealing with biodiversity conservation, ecosystem restoration, resource management, and environmental policy. The Caatiga biome, a semiarid ecosystem that spreads over 826,000 km2 of the Brazilian territory, despite being highly fragmented, still holds half of its original vegetation cover. The remnants, however, have been disturbed for centuries by a multitude of different anthropogenic threats, including overgrazing, logging, fire, hunting, among others. Despite that, the area under protection is below international agreements and restoration endeavors have been scarce. Based on a multitude of spatially explicit analyses, the four chapters of this Thesis had as main objectives: (1) to analyse quantitatively the fragmentation structure of the Caatinga biome, (2) to estimate the level of potencial cronic anthropogenic disturbance of the Caatinga fragments, (3) to identify the priority areas for restoration in the Caatinga biome, based on landscape connectivity and number of endangered plant species, and (4) to compare habitat loss and deforestation rates of Conservation Priority Areas of the Caatinga, defined by the Ministery of Environment (MMA), with those in other Brazilian biomes. Geographic Information System analyses, performed on officially available information, show both good and bad news for the biome. Despite the fragmentation already experienced by the biome, the level of functional connectivity remains relatively high among fragments and half the remaining vegetation is preserved in large fragments (? 50,000 ha), indicating the existence of precious pro-active conservation opportunities. In contrast, the fragmentation level is intense and 90% of the remaining vegetation occurs at distances lower than 2.5 km from the forest edge, allowing an easy access to the already scarce Caatinga core area. An Index of Chronic Anthropogenic Disturbance (IPC), which synthesizes the potential perturbation effect of 14 primary variables, indicates that all Caatinga fragments are under some degree of perturbation. However, important regional heterogeneity was detected with more disturbed fragments occurring in the Northern, Eastern, and Central regional of the biome. Although the mean IPC of the fragments is not correlated to its area, IPC drops non-linearly with edge distance, showing relatively stable core areas after 5 km. Landscape simulations, testing the importance of each watershed for landscape connectivity, allowed the identification of relevant areas for restoration. By crossing this criterion with the number of endangered plant species in each watershed, we were able to identify a subset of key watersheds for restoration that hold only 8% of the deforested area of the biome. By estimating the deforestation rate of all Priority Areas for Conservation of the Brazilian terrestrial biomes, it was possible to demonstrate that the Caatinga and the Cerrado biomes exhibited the higher rates of habitat loss, further demonstrating the vulnerability of the biome. Hopefully, the information here provided can help national and state decision makers to advance biodiversity policies for biodiversity conservation, restoration, and management.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T18:12:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaGarciaVidalRodrigues_DISSERT.pdf: 2909534 bytes, checksum: 89c038cae48c52847f4a038ea1f24697 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-15T21:15:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaGarciaVidalRodrigues_DISSERT.pdf: 2909534 bytes, checksum: 89c038cae48c52847f4a038ea1f24697 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T21:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaGarciaVidalRodrigues_DISSERT.pdf: 2909534 bytes, checksum: 89c038cae48c52847f4a038ea1f24697 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A Mata Atl?ntica brasileira, atualmente com apenas cerca de 11,73% da sua vegeta??o original, ? um dos hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade, abrigando animais e plantas amea?ados de extin??o, grande riqueza e endemismo de esp?cies. A situa??o de fragmenta??o em que se encontra ? ainda mais cr?tica em sua por??o setentrional. ?reas Protegidas, em especial Unidades de Conserva??o (UCs), s?o as principais formas de conserva??o da biodiversidade, por meio de esfor?os nacionais e internacionais. Al?m da cria??o de UCs, ? imprescind?vel a efetividade dessas ?reas e, em caso de extensa fragmenta??o, a cria??o de corredores ecol?gicos interligando ?reas protegidas para possibilitar o fluxo g?nico entre esp?cies, ? relevante. A maior parte das UCs criadas no Brasil n?o ? efetiva, e a dificuldade em gerenciar UCs constitui um entrave s?rio ? Conserva??o. Nesse cen?rio e na perspectiva de colaborar para o alcance das metas 11 e 12 de Aichi, bem como dar suporte a um dos objetivos do Plano de A??o Nacional (PAN) para a Conserva??o da Herpetofauna Amea?ada da Mata Atl?ntica nordestina, este estudo teve como objetivos, analisar estrat?gias de implementa??o de instrumentos e pol?ticas p?blicas vi?veis ? cria??o de corredores ecol?gicos em ?rea protegida de Mata Atl?ntica setentrional; analisar o cumprimento dos requisitos legais em prol da cria??o e implementa??o de Unidade de Conserva??o em Mata Atl?ntica nordestina; avaliar os entraves ? efetiva??o de UC, utilizando o Parque Estadual Mata da Pipa (PEMP) como estudo de caso por constituir-se em um dos maiores remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica do RN, cujo Plano de Manejo prev? ?rea com corredor ecol?gico e que, apesar de criado h? mais de 10 anos, ainda n?o foi implementado. Trata-se de estudo de natureza qualitativa, cuja abordagem de dados foi dividida em duas etapas complementares. Em um primeiro momento realizou-se an?lise documental conceitual e de observa??o do PEMP como situa??o emblema. Para a interpreta??o dos dados foi utilizada a t?cnica da an?lise argumentativa. Na categoriza??o dos dados utilizou-se de argumentos constru?dos a partir de fundamentos socioambientais, desenvolvimento sustent?vel e princ?pios jur?dico-ambientais. Para a an?lise das estrat?gias ? implementa??o de corredores, foi utilizada a ideia de proposi??o, sendo as leis empregadas como dados e os princ?pios jur?dico-ambientais como garantia. Tamb?m como garantia foi adotada a exemplifica??o dos corredores previstos para o PEMP. Em um segundo momento, estudou-se o caso emblema, atrav?s da an?lise documental, realiza??o de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, grupo focal e observa??o participante durante reuni?es do Conselho Gestor nos anos 2016 e 2017.1. Constatou-se que a promo??o do desenvolvimento sustent?vel como modo de conservar a Mata Atl?ntica ? a ess?ncia da lei que rege o bioma ? ?nica com regime jur?dico espec?fico. ? fundamental a institui??o de pol?ticas p?blicas que proporcionem efetividade aos comandos legais de modo a impedir a sucess?o do panorama de degrada??o deste bioma, e possibilitar o aumento do percentual existente interconectando seus remanescentes. Quanto aos fundos de recursos, seus gestores devem atentar para a Mata Atl?ntica setentrional, diminuindo as assimetrias regionais em investimentos; os ?rg?os ambientais devem elaborar projetos para beneficiamento. Constatou-se que o ?rg?o ambiental cumpriu os requisitos para a institui??o do PEMP, mas a celeridade comprometeu o resultado; o cumprimento das obriga??es legais com garantia de sua efic?cia, reduz os poss?veis entraves ? implanta??o desta UC; a ocorr?ncia de avan?os na implanta??o da UC por for?a de decis?o judicial e por compromisso ?tico do Conselho Gestor e da Gestora da UC. A implanta??o de UC criada ? um dever legal fundamentado no art. 2? da Lei n? 6938/81 no art. 225 da Constitui??o Federal - CF, no art. 4? da Lei n? 9985/2000 e no princ?pio da preven??o (implicitamente consagrado no art. 225, caput da CF). Constatou-se ainda que o maior problema para a falta de efici?ncia ? estrutural, organizacional da Administra??o P?blica e do Judici?rio, e a falta de prioriza??o na vontade pol?tica. Os obst?culos encontrados s?o comuns ?s UCs estaduais do RN. ? imprescind?vel, urgente e fundamental que a quest?o ambiental seja vista e tratada como um investimento e n?o como gasto adicional. Atitudes antropoc?ntrica e excludente apresentam um s?rio risco ? sobreviv?ncia da pr?pria humanidade. / The Brazilian Atlantic Forest, currently only about 11.73% of its original vegetation, is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, housing endangered animals and plants, great wealth and species endemism.The situation of fragmentation in which it finds itself is even more critical in its northern portion. Protected Areas, in particular Conservation Units (UCs), are the main forms of biodiversity conservation, through national and international efforts. In addition to the creation of PAs, the effectiveness of these areas is essential and, in case of extensive fragmentation, the creation of ecological corridors interconnecting protected areas to enable gene flow between species is relevant. Most UCs created in Brazil are not effective, and the difficulty in managing UCs constitutes a serious impediment to Conservation. In this scenario and in order to collaborate in the achievement of goals 11 and 12 of Aichi, as well as support one of the objectives of the National Plan of Action (NAP) for the Conservation of the Northeastern Atlantic Forest Herpetofauna, this study had as objectives , To analyze strategies for the implementation of viable public policies and instruments for the creation of ecological corridors in a protected area of the Northern Atlantic Forest; Analyze the fulfillment of legal requirements in favor of the creation and implementation of Conservation Unit in Atlantic Forest Northeastern; (PEMP) as a case study because it is one of the largest remnants of the Atlantic Forest in the RN, whose Management Plan provides for an ecological corridor area and, despite Created more than 10 years ago, has not yet been implemented. This is a qualitative study, whose data approach was divided into two complementary stages. At first, conceptual documentary analysis and observation of the PEMP was carried out as emblematic situation. For the interpretation of the data the argumentative analysis technique was used. In the categorization of the data we used arguments based on socio-environmental foundations, sustainable development and legal and environmental principles. For the analysis of the strategies to the corridor implementation, the idea of proposition was used, the laws being used as data and the juridical-environmental principles as guarantee. Also as a guarantee was adopted the exemplification of corridors planned for the PEMP. In a second moment, the emblem case was studied through documentary analysis, individual semi-structured interviews, focus group and participant observation during meetings of the Management Council in the years 2016 and 2017.1. It was found that the promotion of sustainable development as a way to conserve the Atlantic Forest is the essence of the law governing the biome - unique with a specific legal regime. It is fundamental to institute public policies that provide effectiveness to legal controls in order to prevent the succession of the degradation scenario of this biome, and to enable the increase of the existing percentage interconnecting its remnants. As for resource funds, their managers should pay attention to the Northern Atlantic Forest, reducing regional asymmetries in investments; The environmental agencies must elaborate projects for beneficiation. It was verified that the environmental agency fulfilled the requirements for the establishment of the PEMP, but the celerity compromised the result; The fulfillment of legal obligations with guarantee of its effectiveness, reduces the possible obstacles to the implementation of this CU; The occurrence of advances in the implementation of the UC due to judicial decision and ethical commitment of the Management Council and the Manager of the UC. The creation of created UC is a legal duty based on art. 2 of Law 6938/81 in art. 225 of the Federal Constitution - CF, in art. 4 of Law 9985/2000 and in the principle of prevention (implicitly enshrined in article 225, caput of the CF). It was also verified that the biggest problem for the lack of efficiency is structural, organizational of the Public Administration and the Judiciary, and the lack of prioritization in the political will. Obstacles encountered are common to the state NRCs. It is essential, urgent and fundamental that the environmental issue is seen and treated as an investment and not as an additional expense. Anthropocentric and exclusionary attitudes present a serious risk to the survival of humanity itself.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-10T15:45:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunnoFreireDantasDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 6640940 bytes, checksum: ad49d75685e2ea80ce1bd97392f6f888 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-11T16:14:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunnoFreireDantasDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 6640940 bytes, checksum: ad49d75685e2ea80ce1bd97392f6f888 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T16:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunnoFreireDantasDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 6640940 bytes, checksum: ad49d75685e2ea80ce1bd97392f6f888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Determinar os mecanismos respons?veis pelos padr?es espaciais de biodiversidade t?m sido um dos maiores desafios para ec?logos e bioge?grafos. Durante a ?ltima d?cada houve um grande aumento no n?mero de estudos documentando padr?es de biodiversidade em larga escala. Atualmente, padr?es globais de riqueza de esp?cies s?o bem conhecidos para v?rios grupos de organismos. Entretanto, biodiversidade inclui v?rias dimens?es al?m da riqueza de esp?cies, como a diversidade filogen?tica e a diversidade funcional. Estas dimens?es s?o mais informativas do que simples medidas de riqueza de esp?cies e, consequentemente, podem permitir testes mais poderosos acerca de teorias de biodiversidade. Particularmente importante, conservar a biodiversidade em suas m?ltiplas dimens?es ? necess?rio para garantir a resili?ncia dos servi?os ecossist?micos e manter as hist?rias evolutivas das esp?cies. Neste contexto, a presente tese se configura na interface entre macroecologia e conserva??o, utilizando uma abordagem integradora que considera a conex?o entre mais de uma dimens?o da biodiversidade. No primeiro cap?tulo foram avaliadas hip?teses que invocam din?micas de equil?brio ou n?o-equil?brio para explicar a riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade funcional de mam?feros globalmente. Integrando informa??es sobre riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade funcional, eu abordo estas quest?es e clarifico os mecanismos que geraram e mant?m a diversidade de mam?feros e suas hist?rias de vida. O segundo cap?tulo representam uma base de dados sobre caracter?sticas biol?gicas de anf?bios globalmente: AmphiBIO. Esta base de dados centraliza informa??es sobre 19 caracter?sticas relacionadas ? ecologia, morfologia e reprodu??o de anf?bios. Os dados foram agregados a partir de mais de 1.500 fontes, e t?m potencial para auxiliar pesquisas mais amplas em ecologia de comunidades, evolu??o, biogeografia e conserva??o de anf?bios. No terceiro cap?tulo, utilizando o AmphiBIO, testo a suposi??o de que a perda de diversidade filogen?tica estaria associada ? perda de diversidade funcional. Para isso, a extin??o de anf?bios amea?ados foi simulada, as perdas de diversidade filogen?tica e funcional calculadas, e sua correla??o verificada. As perdas de diversidade foram analisadas atrav?s da filogenia dos anf?bios e do espa?o geogr?fico global. Esta tese contribui para um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos que originaram e mant?m os gradientes globais de riqueza de esp?cies, servindo de est?mulo para estudos futuros em ecologia e evolu??o, e para auxiliar decis?es pol?ticas visando a minimiza??o dos efeitos das extin??es sobre a perda de biodiversidade. / Determining the mechanisms underlying spatial variation in biodiversity has long been the main challenge for ecologists and biogeographers. The past decade has seen a veritable explosion of studies documenting broad-scale spatial patterns in biodiversity. Nowadays, broad-scale patterns of species richness (SR) are well documented for several groups. However, biodiversity encompass variation in several aspects beyond SR, such as phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional (or trait) diversity (FD). These dimensions have been argued to aid more powerful tests of biodiversity theories because they can capture the diversity of life better than simple measures of SR. Particularly important, the conservation of biodiversity and its multiple dimensions have been advocated as necessary to ensure the resilience of ecosystem services and maintain important evolutionary history. The present thesis is set on the interface between macroecology and biodiversity conservation, and uses integrated approaches that consider the connection between more than one dimension of biodiversity. In the first chapter, I we evaluate four prominent hypotheses which invoke either equilibrium (more individuals, niche diversity) or non-equilibrium dynamics (diversification rate, evolutionary time) to explain species richness and functional diversity of mammals worldwide. While equilibrium and non-equilibrium hypotheses have received considerable attention in the literature and some empirical support, it remains unknown whether they can explain the diversity of species and their traits alike. By integrating information on species richness and functional diversity, I address these issues and shed light on the mechanisms that generated the diversity of mammals and their life histories. The second chapter represents a database on natural history traits for amphibians worldwide: AmphiBIO. This database centralizes information on 19 traits related to ecology, morphology and reproduction features of amphibians. Data were assembled from more than 1,500 sources, and has potential to support a more comprehensive research in evolution, community ecology, biogeography and conservation of amphibians. The third chapter uses information from AmphiBIO to test the assumption that loss of PD is associated with loss of FD. We simulated species extinction scenarios based on IUCN criteria, calculated the loss of PD and FD, and verified the correlation. Analyzes were carried out across the complete amphibian tree and across worldwide amphibian assemblages. This study highlights for the possible negative consequences of local amphibians extinctions that may impact the continuous provision of ecosystem services. This thesis adds to better understand the mechanisms on the origination of global gradients of species diversity. Finally, I hope this thesis can be used to stimulate future studies on ecology and evolution, and support political decisions on minimizing the effects of projected species extinctions on biodiversity loss.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T22:55:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioEmanoelSouzaDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1457088 bytes, checksum: fb912780ad29be5caa6d4575b8e51b3e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-24T19:35:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioEmanoelSouzaDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1457088 bytes, checksum: fb912780ad29be5caa6d4575b8e51b3e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T19:35:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioEmanoelSouzaDeMelo_DISSERT.pdf: 1457088 bytes, checksum: fb912780ad29be5caa6d4575b8e51b3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / Introdu??o: Sabe-se que ventila??o n?o invasiva (VNI) ? capaz de aumentar capacidade funcional em pacientes com insufici?ncia card?aca (IC) cr?nica. Contudo, ainda h? diverg?ncias quanto ao modo ventilat?rio mais ben?fico para essa popula??o. Al?m disso, ? poss?vel que haja influencia entre os n?veis press?ricos ajustados na VNI e a magnitude dos seus efeitos. Objetivo: 1) testar se h? diferen?a entre os efeitos agudos da VNI na toler?ncia ao exerc?cio de indiv?duos com IC, quando aplicada modo CPAP ou modo Bi-n?vel; e 2) verificar se h? discrep?ncias nos efeitos agudos do modo Bi-n?vel sobre o desempenho f?sico desses indiv?duos, quando aplicado em n?veis press?ricos distintos. Metodologia: Ensaio cl?nico controlado, randomizado, duplo-cego e cross-over, composto por 14 volunt?rios, portadores de IC cr?nica, com classe funcional II e III (New York Heart Association), em situa??o de estabilidade cl?nica. O experimento ocorreu em quatro visitas distintas, com intervalo m?nimo de 48 horas entre elas. Na primeira visita, houve a triagem dos volunt?rios, em seguida a aplica??o de um SWT sem interven??o pr?via. Em cada uma das 3 visitas seguintes, obedecendo sequ?ncia randomizada, os volunt?rios utilizaram um modo diferente de VNI por 30 minutos, imediatamente antes do SWT. Foram utilizados os seguintes modos: Bi-n?vel com par?metros m?nimos (EPAP = 6 cmH2O e IPAP = 12 cmH2O), Bi-n?vel com par?metros m?ximos (EPAP = 8 cmH2O e IPAP = 14 cmH2O) e CPAP (6 cmH2O). Durante os testes foram analisados a dist?ncia caminhada, n?veis percebidos de fadiga e dispneia, resposta afetiva, bem como outras vari?veis fisiol?gicas. Para a an?lise estat?stica foi utilizado o teste ANOVA para medidas repetidas, seguido do p?s-teste de Bonferroni, considerando-se o p-valor menor ou igual a 0,05 como estatisticamente significante. Resultados: N?o foi encontrada diferen?a entre a DSP obtida no SWT ap?s CPAP (440,4+72,4m) e ap?s o Bi-n?vel m?nimo (441,6+79,4m). Contudo, a DSP foi maior ap?s o uso da VNI em rela??o ?quela observada no SWT sem interven??o pr?via (381,2+79,8m). Conclus?o: O uso de um suporte ventilat?rio n?o invasivo, independentemente do modo, promove melhora na toler?ncia ao exerc?cio em pessoas com IC, o que pode permitir que essa popula??o alcance, mais amplamente, os benef?cios oriundos do exerc?cio f?sico sobre a sua funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. / Introduction: Dyspnea and fatigue are the main clinical symptoms of heart failure and primarily responsible for exercise intolerance found in this syndrome. Now, It is known that the use of NIV in CPAP mode applied before exercise increases exercise tolerance in people with heart failure; however, it's not yet known if the bi-level mode is able to generate similar or even better results, due to pressure increase of the ventilatory support in this modality. Moreover, it is possible that there is influence between the pressure levels set in the NIV and the magnitude of its effect on the exercise in this population Objective:1) test for differences between the acute effects of NIV on exercise tolerance in patients with HF, when applied CPAP or bi-level mode; and 2) check for discrepancies in the acute effects of Bi-level mode on the physical performance of these individuals, when applied at different pressure levels. Methodology: This is a controlled, randomized, double-blind and cross-over clinical trial, composed of 14 volunteers (age 63 ? 9 years), with chronic heart failure, functional class II and III (New York Heart Association) in clinical stability. The experiment took place in four different visits, with an minimum interval of 48 hours between them. At the first visit, the volunteers were screened and performed a SWT without prior intervention. Following a randomized sequence, In each of the 3 subsequent visits, the volunteers received a different mode of NIV for 30 minutes immediately before the SWT. The following modes were used: Bi-level with minimal parameters (EPAP = 6 cm H2O and IPAP = 12 cm H2O), Bi-level with maximum parameters (EPAP = 8 cm H2O and IPAP = 14 cm H2O) and CPAP (6 cm H2O). In the tests were observed walking distance (WD), perceived levels of fatigue and dyspnea, affective response and other physiological variables. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Bonferroni post-test, considering p-value less than or equal to 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: No difference was found between the WD obtained in T-CP (440.4 + 72,4m) and T-Bi (441.6 + 79,4m) (p = 1.00). However, the WD was higher after the use of NIV in both the T-CP, as in T-Bi compared to that observed in T-Co (381.2 + 79,8m) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The use of a non-invasive ventilatory support, regardless of mode, promotes improvement in exercise tolerance in people with heart failure, which can allow this population range, more broadly, the benefits from the exercise of its functionality and quality of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Luciano Lopes Reis.pdf: 1765828 bytes, checksum: e031c34734485e7d84bd20e5fcc0d59b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study had as objective to monitor the process of environmental reclamation of tanks filled with residues from bauxite washings, vegetated by hydro-sowing legume trees species inoculated with rhizobia, and asbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nutrient fertilizers, without nitrogen, were added at the mixture at sowing. Later it was planted a mixture of native tree species seedlings, with a high proportion of N2-fixing legumes, in an experiment with additional increasing levels of fertilizers and liming, except for nitrogen. The deposits of sterile bauxite subsoil, vegetated with the mix of native species, with high proportion of legumes capable of N2 fixation and mineral fertilization, were evaluated at different periods of time, for the chemical and biological attributes of soil and plants. Samples of soil, leaves, litter, and soil invertebrates fauna were taken in 2002, 2003 and 2004, to measure nutrient availability in soil; foliar nutrient level of indicator plants; soil microbial biomass and activity; soil fauna activity, diversity and ecological indexes; and evaluation of vegetal coverage of the SP1 residue tank. The results of foliar analyses indicated that even at the highest level of fertilizer and lime additions in the SP1 residue tank were not sufficient to meet the adequate plant nutrition requirements, indicating the need of higher input of nutrients. By using multivariate statistical analyses of the data, it was possible to distribute the studied systems along Cartesian axis, where the native forest area, used as testimony, and old vegetated mining sites (planted in 1984, 1992 and 1994) were clustered together; while the most recent vegetated mining sites and the tanks filled with residues formed a distant cluster. Among the index attributes studied Al+3, total C, total N, K, soil pH, microbial carbon and respiration; and Ca and Mg from litter were the principal factors determining the ordering and distinction between reclamation sites. The reclamation methodology used in the residue tank SP1, which combined the hydro-sowing with application of low solubility fertilizers, using a mix of seeds from medium cycle legume trees inoculated and with mycorrhizae, with later planting of native seedlings and manual dispersion of seeds, showed to be an important technique to stimulate natural vegetation growth. Also, the technique resulted in a high capacity of addition of decidual material, and the legume tree Acacia holosericea showed the best capacity for soil coverage and input of nutrients. / Com o objetivo de monitorar o processo de recupera??o ambiental de tanques de dep?sito de rejeito da lavagem da bauxita, revegetados atrav?s da hidrossemeadura de leguminosas fixadoras de N2 e com adi??o de fungos micorrizicos, mais aporte de nutrientes. Posteriormente, foi feito o plantio de mudas nativas em experimento de n?veis de aduba??o e calagem, sem aplica??o de nitrog?nio. Os dep?sitos de subsolo est?ril em bauxita revegetados com mistura de esp?cies nativas, com grande propor??o de leguminosas fixadoras de N2 e aduba??o mineral na cova, avaliados em diferentes idades, foram utilizados atributos qu?micos e biol?gicos do solo e planta. Foram realizadas coletas de solo, de folhas, de serapilheira e da fauna de invertebrados do solo, nos anos de 2002, 2003 e 2004, para determina??o da disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo; dos teores foliares de nutrientes das plantas indicadoras; da biomassa e atividade microbiana; da atividade, diversidade de grupos e ?ndices ecol?gicos da comunidade da fauna do solo; e avalia??o da cobertura vegetal do tanque de rejeito SP1. Os resultados da an?lise foliar das esp?cies indicadoras e de disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo indicaram que nem os maiores n?veis de aduba??o e calagem utilizados no experimento do tanque de rejeito SP1 foram suficientes para permitir uma adequada nutri??o ?s plantas, indicando a necessidade de novos aportes de nutrientes. Atrav?s da aplica??o de ferramentas de estat?stica multivariada aos dados, foi poss?vel ordenar os sistemas estudados ao longo de eixos cartesianos, onde a ?rea de mata nativa, usada como testemunha, e reflorestamentos sobre res?duos de minera??o com maior idade (realizados nos anos de 1984, 1992 e 1994) se ordenam pr?ximos uns dos outros, enquanto que os reflorestamentos sobre est?ril mais recentes e ?reas dos tanques de rejeito se ordenam distantes destes, formando grupamentos entre si. Dentre os atributos indicadores utilizados, o Al+3, C total, N total, K e pH do solo; a respira??o e carbono microbiano; e o Ca e Mg da serapilheira foram os mais determinantes para o ordenamento e distin??o entre os sistemas em recupera??o. A metodologia de recupera??o utilizada no tanque de rejeito SP1 que combinou a pr?tica da hidrossemeadura com aplica??o de formas de adubos pouco sol?veis, utiliza??o de coquetel de sementes de leguminosas arb?reas de ciclo m?dio inoculadas e micorrizadas, posterior plantio de mudas nativas e lan?amento manual de sementes, mostrou-se como importante t?cnica propulsora da regenera??o natural. A t?cnica tamb?m resultou em elevada capacidade de aporte de material decidual, sendo a leguminosa arb?rea Acacia holosericea, a esp?cie que apresentou melhor capacidade de cobertura do solo e aporte de nutrientes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Deise Ferreira Xavier.pdf: 1914951 bytes, checksum: a3934201689ba192bf1c30664a804084 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-28 / A large proportion of the land in the Atlantic forest region in the south east of Brazil is today degraded with little utilisation for agriculture, grazing or forestry. The recuperation and development of these areas using traditional production systems suffers from two principal handicaps: much of the land is steep hillsides which hampers mechanised cultivation and facilitates soil erosion, and the low availability of plant nutrients, principally nitrogen. The integration of pastures with trees has become considered as a viable option to promote sustainable land use for animal production systems in this region. The objective of this project was to monitor the principal inputs, losses and transformations of N in a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk in monoculture (BM) and in comparison with the same grass in association with trees (SSP). The experiment was localised at the Experimental Station of Coronel Pacheco (Minas Gerais), with five animals per paddock under rotational grazing (six paddocks of 0.5 ha). The following parameters were monitored over a period of 12 months: forage availability, live weight gain and forage consumption of the animals, existing litter and the litter deposited in periods of 14 days. Considering the total litter deposited the consumed forage and the change in standing biomass over the 12 month period it was possible to estimate the net aerial primary productivity (NAPP) of the pasture and the cycling of nitrogen in the two pasture systems. The standing biomass showed an annual mean of 1,800 and 1,653 kg/ha in the silvopastoral (SSP) and grass-alone (BM) systems respectively. The live weight gains of the animals in SSP were higher with a mean of 0.51 kg/heifer/day. In the BM pasture the weight gain was 0.45 kg/heifer/day. The SSP promoted a significant increase in the deposition of litter. Calculations of the quantity of litter deposited in 14-day periods in the SSP and BM showed values of 21,812 and 16,264 kg DM/ha/year, respectively. The NAPP of the SSP pasture was greater with values of 26,202 and 279 kg/ha/year for DM and N, respectively. In the BM pasture the estimates of NAPP were 20,133 and 148 kg/ha/year for DM and N, respectively. The quantity of N exported from the pasture in the live weight gain was 8 kg/ha for the SSP and 7 kg/ha for the BM, corresponding to 16 and 18% of total consumed N for the SSP and BM pastures, respectively. The losses of N from faeces and urine also did not differ between the pasture systems. Owing to the presence of N2-fixing species of legume trees present in the SSP, and the beneficial effects of the presence of shade it is to be expected that animal production levels would be sustained for longer in this system than under braqui?ria in monoculture, hence constituting a viable alternative to recover areas suffering from the process of degradation. / Uma grande propor??o das ?reas do dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica na Regi?o Sudeste encontrase degradada, com pouca ou nenhuma utiliza??o agr?cola, pecu?ria ou florestal. A recupera??o e desenvolvimento dessas ?reas, usando sistemas tradicionais de produ??o, contam com dois entraves principais: a declividade acentuada, que dificulta a mecaniza??o do solo e facilita a eros?o, e a baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes, principalmente de nitrog?nio. A integra??o de pastagens com ?rvores tem sido considerada uma op??o vi?vel para promover a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produ??o animal desta Regi?o. Assim, o projeto de pesquisa visou estudar as principais vias de ingresso, perdas e transforma??es do nitrog?nio em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk em associa??o com ?rvores (SSP) e em monocultura (BM). As esp?cies arb?reas utilizadas no SSP foram Acacia mangium, Mimosa artemisiana e Eucaliptus grandis. O experimento, localizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Gado de Leite, no munic?pio de Coronel Pacheco, MG, foi desenvolvido em pastagens estabelecidas em uma ?rea que apresentava grau elevado de degrada??o. Para os dois sistemas de pastejo, o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com seis repeti??es (seis piquetes de 0,5 ha) e cinco animais por piquete em sistema de pastagem rotativa. Os dados foram coletados durante um ano, observando-se, principalmente: biomassa de forragem, ganho de peso animal, consumo animal, liteira existente e depositada durante 14 dias. Considerando o total da liteira depositada, o consumo animal e a mudan?a na biomassa de forragem ao longo de 12 meses, foi poss?vel estimada produtividade prim?ria a?rea l?quida (PPAL) e a ciclagem de N nos dois sistemas de pastejo. A biomassa da forragem foi de em m?dia, 1.800 e 1.653 kg/ha nas pastagens de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk em SSP e em BM, respectivamente. Os ganhos de peso dos animais foram maiores no SSP com m?dia de 0,51 kg/novilhas/dia. Na pastagem em BM o valor m?dio foi de 0,45 kg/novilha/dia. O SSP resultou em um acr?scimo significativo na liteira depositada. C?lculos das quantidades da liteira depositada em 14 dias nas pastagens de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk em SSP e em BM, mostraram valores de 21.812 e 16.264 kg/ha/ano de mat?ria seca (MS), respectivamente. A PPAL da pastagem em SSP foi maior com valores de 26.202 e de 279 kg/ha/ano de MS e de N, respectivamente. Na pastagem em BM, a PPAL estimada foi de 20.133 e de 148 kg/ha/ano de MS e de N, respectivamente. A quantidade de N exportado da pastagem para o ganho de peso dos animais foi de 8 kg/ha/ano no SSP e 7 kg/ha/ano na BM. Os valores corresponderam a 16 e 18% de todo N consumido pelos animais nas pastagens em SSP e BM, respectivamente. As perdas de N via fezes e urina, tamb?m n?o diferiram nas duas pastagens. Na pastagem em sistema silvipastoril, devido ? fixa??o biol?gica de N2 das esp?cies de leguminosa e tamb?m devido ao efeito da sombra no bem estar dos animais, ? de esperar que a produ??o animal seja mantida por mais tempo com bases sustent?veis, sendo, portanto, uma alternativa vi?vel para recuperar ?reas em processo de degrada??o.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T17:03:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO ALEXANDRE DA SILVA.pdf: 18031586 bytes, checksum: 0c2ac39aa49f7861e0e1a24eeb8e2ce5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T17:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RICARDO ALEXANDRE DA SILVA.pdf: 18031586 bytes, checksum: 0c2ac39aa49f7861e0e1a24eeb8e2ce5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / The issue of contaminated areas is a problem that has increased in recent decades. The identification of numerous contaminations - old and recent - in the soil and water medium has affected the population, caused numerous health problems, and the environment, with the commitment of flora and fauna. In addition, economic activities carried out both in urban and rural areas have been hampered by the juxtaposition of the industrial production means that generate various types of contamination. The actions carried out by the public managers have not followed the breadth and expansion of the cases already detected. Generally the role played by public managers, especially municipal power, has been marked by great leniency and is evoked from their clearly technocratic and patrimonialist management structures . The legal competence regarding the licensing of activities with risk of contamination, national and state elevation in Brazil and in other countries studied, with sectorial and disciplinary perspective, in which industry is always seen as a positive factor, does not reach the problem as a territorialized phenomenon, with implications for the current and future use of localities. The study in question proposes new guidelines for the treatment of contaminated areas, with emphasis on the managerial integration of levels of government, access to information and monitoring of society. They were elaborated from the analysis of several occurrences of contamination, observing the causes, effects, agents and, mainly, the position adopted by the public managers, in particular the municipal ones, since they are the direct responsible by the regulation of the territory, through the legislation of land use and occupation in the municipal space. / La cuesti?n de las ?reas contaminadas representa un problema que ha aumentado en las ?ltimas d?cadas. La identificaci?n de innumerables contaminaciones - antiguas y recientes - en el suelo y medio h?drico ha afectado a la poblaci?n, ocasionado innumerables problemas de salud, y al medio ambiente, con el comprometimiento de la flora y la fauna. Adem?s, las actividades econ?micas, ejecutadas tanto en el espacio urbano y rural, han sido perjudicadas por la yuxtaposici?n de los medios de producci?n industrial que generan diversos tipos de contaminaciones. Las acciones ejecutadas por los gestores p?blicos, no han acompa?ado la amplitud y la expansi?n de los casos ya detectados. Generalmente el papel ejercido por los gestores p?blicos, en especial el poder municipal, ha sido marcado por una gran lenidad y que es evocada a partir de sus estructuras gerenciales claramente tecnocr?ticas y patrimonialistas. La competencia jur?dica sobre el licenciamiento de actividades con riesgo de contaminaci?n, alzada nacional y estadual en Brasil y en otros pa?ses estudiados, con perspectiva sectorial y disciplinaria, en la cual la industria es siempre vista como factor positivo, no alcanza el problema como fen?meno territorializado, con implicaciones en el uso actual y futuro de las localidades. El estudio en cuesti?n propone nuevas directrices para el tratamiento de ?reas contaminadas, con destaque a la integraci?n gerencial de los niveles de gobierno, el acceso a la informaci?n y acompa?amiento de la sociedad. Se elaboraron a partir del an?lisis de diversas ocurrencias de contaminaci?n, observ?ndose las causas, efectos, agentes y, principalmente, la postura adoptada por los gestores p?blicos, en particular los municipales, pues son los responsables directos por la regulaci?n del territorio, a trav?s de la legislaci?n de uso y ocupaci?n del suelo en el espacio municipal. / A quest?o das ?reas contaminadas representa um problema que tem aumentado nas ultimas d?cadas. A identifica??o de in?meras contamina??es ? antigas e recentes - no solo e meio h?drico tem afetado a popula??o, ocasionado in?meros problemas de sa?de, e ao meio ambiente, com o comprometimento da flora e a fauna. Al?m disso, atividades econ?micas, executadas tanto no espa?o urbano e rural, tem sido prejudicadas pela justaposi??o dos meios de produ??o industrial que geram diversos tipos de contamina??es. As a??es executadas pelos gestores p?blicos, n?o tem acompanhado a amplitude e a expans?o dos casos j? detectados. Geralmente o papel exercido pelos gestores p?blicos, em especial o poder municipal, tem sido marcado por uma grande leni?ncia e que ? evocada a partir de suas estruturas gerenciais claramente tecnocr?ticas e patrimonialistas. A compet?ncia jur?dica sobre o licenciamento de atividades com risco de contamina??o, al?ada nacional e estadual no Brasil e em outros pa?ses estudados, com perspectiva setorial e disciplinar, na qual a ind?stria ? sempre vista como fator positivo, n?o alcan?a o problema enquanto fen?meno territorializado, com implica??es no uso atual e futuro das localidades. O estudo em quest?o prop?e novas diretrizes para o tratamento de ?reas contaminadas, com destaque ? integra??o gerencial dos n?veis de governo, o acesso ? informa??o e acompanhamento da sociedade. Foram elaboradas a partir da an?lise de diversas ocorr?ncias de contamina??o, observando-se as causas, efeitos, agentes e, principalmente, a postura adotada pelos gestores p?blicos, em particular os municipais, pois s?o os respons?veis diretos pela regula??o do territ?rio, atrav?s da legisla??o de uso e ocupa??o do solo no espa?o municipal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovanna Ortiz de Oliveira.pdf: 23204662 bytes, checksum: df2c75dda1118d191370933a8d15e75e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-17 / Throughout the brazilian urbanism history, we observe the absence of the State with more efficient measures to take care of to the habitation demand. This fact has been perpetuated during years and added the current social found problems in the large cities and contributed for the environmental degradation caused by irregular nestings. The Environmental Sensible Areas vary between environmental interests to risk areas. Beyond the predatory occupation of the urban spaces with intense urbanization without planning, the precarious nestings also contribute with the alteration of the vegetation, of the ground, hydro resources and even in the change of the microclimate, becoming also a risk to the health and the physical-mental integrity of the there resident population. These urban inadequacy must be prevented and avoided, reparable and compensatory measures with adjusted technologies must be adopted to solve the diverse problems of degradation. Ahead of such situation, it is necessary to know the public politics, especially the habitation ones, directed to equate the deriving problems of occupations and the programs and techniques of urban and environmental recovery. The city of Campinas, studied region, has similarities with other regions of Brazil, with innumerable nestings also in Environmental Sensible Areas, being, therefore, a representative case. / Ao longo da hist?ria do urbanismo brasileiro, observamos a aus?ncia do Estado com medidas mais eficazes para atender ? demanda por habita??o. Esse fato se perpetuou durante os anos e, somado com os atuais problemas sociais encontrados nas grandes , contribuiu para a degrada??o ambiental ocasionada por assentamentos irregulares. As ?reas Ambientalmente Sens?veis variam entre de interesse ambiental a ?reas de risco. Al?m da ocupa??o predat?ria dos espa?os urbanos com intensa urbaniza??o sem planejamento, os assentamentos prec?rios tamb?m contribuem com a altera??o da vegeta??o, do solo, recursos h?dricos e at? na mudan?a do microclima, tornando-se inclusive risco ? sa?de e ? integridade f?sica e mental da popula??o ali residente. Essas inadequa??es urbanas devem ser evitadas, e medidas mitigadoras, reparat?rias e compensat?rias com tecnologias adequadas devem ser adotadas para solucionar os diversos problemas de degrada??o. Diante de tal situa??o, ? necess?rio conhecer as pol?ticas p?blicas, especialmente as habitacionais, voltadas para equacionar os problemas oriundos das ocupa??es e os programas e t?cnicas de recupera??o urbana e ambiental. A cidade de Campinas, regi?o estudada, tem similaridades com outras regi?es do Brasil, com in?meros assentamentos inclusive em ?reas Ambientalmente Sens?veis, sendo, portanto, um caso representativo.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-06T19:26:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DENISE ?LVARES BITTAR.pdf: 29405866 bytes, checksum: b41bf305b5c6836504f7b3a5f8d4280a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T19:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DENISE ?LVARES BITTAR.pdf: 29405866 bytes, checksum: b41bf305b5c6836504f7b3a5f8d4280a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / CAPES / The preservation of urban green areas is justified by providing environmental quality to the population. Through the ecological, environmental, aesthetic, landscape, climatic, psychological and also recreational functions, they alleviate the negative consequences of the continuous processes of urbanization, directly interfering in the quality of life of the people and ecosystem wrap. In this context, the present work aims to quantify and qualify the public green areas inserted in the Anhumas River Basin in Campinas / SP in order to contribute to evaluations and proposals of interventions in the existing areas or extensions of these spaces. The object of the study is the urban green areas that make up an urban system of free areas, which should be considered as spaces of daily life, having their edges used for diversified urban purposes, not only to support infrastructures such as road system or drainage . For the manipulation of the data, vectors and orthophotos, a GIS (Geographic Information System) program was used for the spatial interpretation of the data and elaboration of the cartographic products. The maps generated were used to identify potential areas for accounting for green areas. The work was delimited in the area drained by the Anhumas river basin, one of the most complex basins in Campinas / SP, in terms of environmental management, mainly due to the deep changes in its floodplains, caused by hydraulic interventions, but also by the model of urbanization adopted and the extensive occupation of urban land. However, in spite of its contrasts and paradoxes, the region still presents real possibilities of using its free spaces in the metropolis as a means to enable a functional and environmental requalification through the adoption of more public green areas, creation of integrating linear parks and permeable areas around the basin, considering the serious problems arising from the current state of degradation of the landscape and the environment. As a result, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 14 areas was carried out and the proposal of 128 areas (794,14Ha) increasing the index of public green areas per inhabitant by more than 100%, with a green area index of 10, 82m? per inhabitant to 20.77m? of area per inhabitant, concluding that the potential of the public area allied to the correct urban planning can guarantee environmental quality to the population. / A preserva??o de ?reas verdes urbanas ? justificada por proporcionar qualidade ambiental ? popula??o. Por meio das fun??es ecol?gico-ambiental, est?tica, paisag?stica, clim?tica, psicol?gica e tamb?m recreativa, amenizam as consequ?ncias negativas dos processos cont?nuos de urbaniza??o, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida das pessoas e ecossistema envolt?rio. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo quantificar e qualificar as ?reas verdes p?blicas inseridas na Bacia do ribeir?o das Anhumas em Campinas/SP a fim de contribuir para avalia??es e propostas de interven??es nas ?reas j? existentes ou amplia??es desses espa?os. O objeto do estudo s?o as ?reas verdes urbanas que comp?em um sistema urbano de ?reas livres, e que devem ser considerados como espa?os da vida cotidiana, tendo suas orlas aproveitadas para fins urbanos diversificados, e n?o apenas para suporte de infraestruturas como sistema vi?rio ou drenagem. Para a manipula??o dos dados, vetores e ortofotos foram utilizados um programa SIG (Sistema de Informa??es Geogr?ficas) para a interpreta??o espacial dos dados e elabora??o dos produtos cartogr?ficos. Os mapas gerados foram utilizados na identifica??o de ?reas potenciais para contabiliza??o de ?reas verdes. O trabalho foi delimitado na ?rea drenada pela bacia do ribeir?o das Anhumas, uma das bacias mais complexas de Campinas/SP no que se refere ? gest?o ambiental, principalmente por decorr?ncia das profundas altera??es em suas v?rzeas, causadas por interven??es hidr?ulicas, mas tamb?m pelo modelo de urbaniza??o adotado e pela ocupa??o extensiva do solo urbano. Entretanto, apesar de seus contrastes e paradoxos, a regi?o apresenta ainda reais possibilidades de utiliza??o de seus espa?os livres na metr?pole como meio de viabiliza??o de uma requalifica??o funcional e ambiental atrav?s da ado??o de mais ?reas verdes p?blicas, cria??o de parques lineares integradores e aumento das ?reas perme?veis no contorno da referida bacia, considerando-se, os s?rios problemas decorrentes do estado atual de degrada??o da paisagem e do meio ambiente. Como resultado obteve-se an?lise qualiquantitativa de 14 ?reas e a proposta de mais 128 ?reas (794,14Ha) aumentando o ?ndice de ?reas verdes p?blicas por habitante em mais de 100%, com ?ndice de ?reas verdes de 10, 82m? por habitante para 20,77m? de ?rea verde por habitante, concluindo que o potencial da ?rea p?blica aliada ao correto planejamento urbano pode-se garantir qualidade ambiental a popula??o.