Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T12:33:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO TORNIZIELLO RODRIGUES.pdf: 14662564 bytes, checksum: 467610adf71ca6895cc75e12ccaa0109 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T12:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULO TORNIZIELLO RODRIGUES.pdf: 14662564 bytes, checksum: 467610adf71ca6895cc75e12ccaa0109 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / The Ribeir?o das Anhumas? basin area is located in Campinas, SP, and it is an important area because it contains the most squares, parks and woods of the city and a large green area for public use. Inspite of these spaces are intended for the general population, they do not present the adequated conditions for an appropriate use all day long, and thus their use is limited only during the daytime period. Among these places there are few or almost none adequate and easy lighting maintenance for the public green areas. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the main public green spaces in the Ribeir?o das Anhumas? basin area in order to evaluate the general condition and emphasize the illumination and its absence. For this purpose, an evaluation worksheet was developed to verify pre-determined attributes such as: lighting, infrastructure, green areas and mobility in 18 selected areas within the Ribeir?o das Anhumas. The resulted was an index of urban quality of these spaces. It was possible to relate the attributes to have a comparative among them, having the lighting as a point of comparison to the other attributes. As a result, it was possible to verify that, for the use of the population, the equipment presented indicated which are positive and/or negative points of each area, to create maintenance plans and new projects focusing on better quality and efficiency of the infrastructure involved and the more efficient luminaires to be installed. The proposed index has proved to be useful to analyze these areas and it can contribute to the management and decision for the maintenance or even to plan new spaces. The areas analyzed in the Ribeir?o Anhumas? Basin presented some deficiencies in quality of the existing public lighting structure that may hinder the population use and mobility in these public spaces. / A bacia hidrogr?fica do Ribeir?o das Anhumas localiza-se no munic?pio de Campinas, no Estado de S?o Paulo, sendo esta uma ?rea importante para o munic?pio pois localizam-se uma grande parte das pra?as, parques e bosques e uma vasta ?rea verde direcionadas ao uso p?blico. ? sabido, no entanto que esses espa?os s?o destinados a popula??o em geral, mas que nem sempre apresentam as condi??es para um uso adequado independente do hor?rio, e dessa forma fica limitado ao seu uso apenas no per?odo diurno. Desses locais s?o poucos ou quase nenhum os que apresentam uma ilumina??o adequada e de f?cil manuten??o para a ?rea verde p?blica. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar levantamentos nos principais espa?os verdes p?blicos existentes a na bacia hidrogr?fica do Ribeir?o das Anhumas de modo a verificar a condi??o geral e enfatizando a ilumina??o e a sua aus?ncia. Para tanto foi aplicada em um conjunto de 18 ?reas selecionadas dentro da Bacia do Ribeir?o das Anhumas uma planilha de avalia??o fora desenvolvida para que verificasse atributos pr?-determinados tais como: Ilumina??o, Infraestrutura e ?reas Verdes e Mobilidade, onde resultou em um ?ndice de qualidade urban?stica desses espa?os, foi poss?vel relacionar os atributos para que se tenha um comparativo entre eles, tendo a ilumina??o como ponto de compara??o aos demais atributos. Como resultado foi poss?vel verificar que para o uso da popula??o os equipamentos apresentados, indicaram quais s?o pontos positivos e/ou negativos de cada ?rea para que possam ser gerados planejamentos de manuten??o e novos projetos j? focando em uma melhor qualidade e efici?ncia da infraestrutura envolvida e das lumin?rias a serem instaladas. O ?ndice proposto mostrou-se como uma ferramenta interessante de an?lise dessas ?reas podendo contribuir na gest?o e na tomada de decis?o para manuten??o ou at? mesmo para planejar um novo espa?o. As ?reas analisadas na Bacia do Ribeir?o Anhumas apresentaram algumas defici?ncias em termos da qualidade da estrutura de ilumina??o p?blica existente que pode dificultar a utiliza??o e a mobilidade da popula??o nesses espa?os.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-08-21T12:43:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDUARDO SALGADO MARCONI.pdf: 8399511 bytes, checksum: 5254ee57caeef5dd92072e40664fb5ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T12:43:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDUARDO SALGADO MARCONI.pdf: 8399511 bytes, checksum: 5254ee57caeef5dd92072e40664fb5ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The urban planning tool Parque Linear has been identified in Brazil as a sustainable measure of use and occupation of urban areas of valley bottom in the environmental, social, economic and cultural spheres. This work proposes to carry out an analysis of how the process of urban requalification took place in the municipality of Amparo, in the State of S?o Paulo, having as object of study the Linear Park ?guas do Camandocaia. It is intended to raise the trajectory, the scope and limits of the urban interventions implemented along the Camandocaia River. In its first part, it proposes to present, through periodization - via bibliographical research and analysis of historical documents - the historical process of urban evolution and its influence on issues related to the theme. In the second part, it points out interferences as the basis of the transformations in the new urban design from legal and political dimensions. In the third part, the presentation of the object itself in the technical aspects of the urban and architectural projects, the financial resources raised until the bidding processes, the execution of the works along the river. The fourth part deals with the concepts related to the production of public spaces and the sphere of public life as fundamental supports for the improvement of the quality of urban life. In the fifth and last part, in the correlation of the quality attributes of several authors for the analysis of the spatial quality of the Linear Park. / O instrumento urban?stico Parque Linear tem sido apontado, no Brasil, como medida sustent?vel de uso e ocupa??o das ?reas urbanas de fundo de vale nos ?mbitos ambiental, social, econ?mico e cultural. Este trabalho prop?e realizar uma an?lise de como se deu o processo de requalifica??o urbana no munic?pio de Amparo, no Estado de S?o Paulo, tendo como objeto de estudo o Parque Linear ?guas do Camandocaia. Pretende-se levantar a trajet?ria, os alcances e limites das interven??es urbanas implementadas ao longo do rio Camandocaia. Em sua primeira parte, prop?e apresentar por meio da periodiza??o ? via pesquisas bibliogr?ficas e an?lise de documentos hist?ricos ? o processo hist?rico da evolu??o urbana e sua influ?ncia em quest?es relacionadas ao tema. Na segunda parte, aponta inger?ncias como base das transforma??es no novo desenho urbano a partir de dimens?es legais e pol?ticas. Consta, na terceira parte, a apresenta??o do objeto em si nas quest?es de ordem t?cnica dos projetos urban?stico e arquitet?nico, dos recursos financeiros captados at? os processos licitat?rios, da execu??o das obras ao longo do rio. A quarta parte aborda os conceitos vinculados ? produ??o dos espa?os livres p?blicos e da esfera de vida p?blica como suportes fundamentais ao incremento da qualidade de vida urbana. A quinta parte apresenta a correla??o dos atributos de qualidade segundo diversos autores para a an?lise da qualidade espacial do Parque Linear.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Priscila Nogueira Matos.pdf: 1723305 bytes, checksum: 89e42c980c370e9eec2db3e9b08306ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The Mining is considered the activity can cause a great impact in the environment, involving the vegetation and subsoil layers remove. After the finish of mineral sources, mandatorily these areas require recovery measures. This study aimed to evaluate the initial establishment of three genotypes of palm oil: C2501, C2301 and C2528, indicated by Embrapa Amaz?nia ocidental, in area of mining in the northwest Par?. Was also evaluated the soil fauna, the occurrence of nitrogen fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with culture. The establishment of culture was evaluated for survival, height, number of leaves and nutritional status of plants and soil fertility. The impact on soil fauna was evaluated with samples in the experimental area and in areas of reforestation and forest adjacent to it. To determine the presence of mycorrhizal fungi and diazotrophic bacteria samples were taken from roots and soil in the palm oil. The amount of the plant N derived from BNF was determined with the natural abundance of 15N technique. The mortality of the plants was low, but growth was not strong, this may be related to low P in soil and periods of drought. In this initial stage of establishing the symbiosis with diazotrophic bacteria was inefficient where only the genotypes C2501 and C2528 were 4,5 and 4,8% respectively of N derived from BNF, with great variability in the population of bacteria. The mycorrhizal fungi no showed differences in sampled areas and this result may be related to water deficit and sampling period in the dry season. The composition of soil fauna not differ in the areas of palm oil plantation with and without green manure, and conventional reforestation, however not present the same diversity of the forest. / A minera??o ? considerada uma atividade econ?mica que causa um grande impacto ao ambiente, envolvendo a retirada da vegeta??o e camadas do subsolo. Ap?s a exaust?o dos recursos minerais, estas ?reas necessitam obrigatoriamente de medidas de recupera??o. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estabelecimento inicial de tr?s gen?tipos de dend?: C2501, C2301 e C2528, indicados pela Embrapa Amaz?nia Ocidental, em ?reas de est?ril da Minera??o de bauxita no noroeste do Par?. Foram avaliados tamb?m a fauna do solo, a ocorr?ncia de bact?rias fixadoras de nitrog?nio e fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares associados ? cultura. O estabelecimento da cultura foi avaliado pela sobreviv?ncia, altura, n?mero de folhas e estado nutricional das plantas, e a fertilidade do solo. O impacto na fauna do solo foi avaliado na ?rea experimental e em ?reas de floresta prim?ria e reflorestamento adjacentes a este. A presen?a de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e fungos micorr?zicos foram determinadas em amostras de ra?zes e solo na ?rea do dend?. A quantidade de N na planta derivado da FBN foi determinada pela t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N. A mortalidade das plantas foi considerada baixa apesar de seu crescimento n?o ter sido vigoroso podendo este estar relacionado ao baixo teor de P no solo e aos per?odos de stress h?drico por falta de ?gua. Neste est?gio inicial de implanta??o a simbiose com bact?rias diazotr?ficas foi pouco eficiente onde apenas os gen?tipos C2501 e C2528 tiveram 4,5 e 4,8% respectivamente de N derivado da FBN, com grande variabilidade na popula??o de bact?rias. Os fungos micorr?zicos n?o apresentaram diferen?as nas ?reas analisadas, tal resultado pode estar relacionado com a defici?ncia h?drica e o per?odo de coleta na ?poca seca. A composi??o da fauna do solo nas ?reas de plantio de dend? com e sem aduba??o n?o diferiram entre si e em rela??o ao reflorestamento convencional, n?o apresentando, entretanto a mesma diversidade da floresta prim?ria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLEYTON HENRIQUE GERHARDT.pdf: 4483893 bytes, checksum: 77861b188c8972113d990c1c5fc20130 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-30 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / The relationship between local populations and protected areas has been an extremely controversial issue. However, this divergences also extend to the scientific domain, mobilizing the attention of scientists, who are interested both in researching specific aspects and in interfering in public policies related to this issue. If there is indeed a general agreement among specialists, then it is about the fact that the discursive context of this issue is marked by dissension, polyphony and by fierce academic dialogues. Bearing this in mind, I observed this controversial world reflected in the relationships among the scientists who, by operating in the frontiers of political action and scientific research, got involved in this debate. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, some interpretative similarities and dissimilarities between authors are analysed and described based on their publications. As I intend to show, antagonisms, oppositions, divergences, but also alliances, agreements and convergences generate, within a wider strength balance marked by different identity/alterity levels, a permanently unstable and inconsistent structural environment. The second part is also divided into two distinct chapters. In the first chapter, I worked on fragments of different social trajectories and life experiences reported by 33 researchers I had the opportunity to interview, which allowed an insight into an extremely heterogeneous set regarding the paths they followed. In the last chapter, I present their observations, reflections, assessments and criticism on some aspects related to policies that target local populations and protected areas. / A rela??o entre popula??es locais e ?reas protegidas ? tema hoje extremamente controvertido no ?mbito cient?fico, mobilizando a aten??o de cientistas interessados tanto em pesquisar quest?es espec?ficas como em interferir em pol?ticas p?blicas a ele direcionadas. Se h? um consenso entre especialistas, ? que estamos diante de um contexto discursivo caracterizado pelo dissenso, pela polifonia e por ?cidos di?logos acad?micos. Diante disso, passei a observar esse universo controvertido que marca a rela??o entre cientistas que, atuando nas fronteiras da a??o pol?tica e da pesquisa cient?fica, se envolveram com este debate. Como tentei mostrar, oposi??es, diverg?ncias, mas, tamb?m, alian?as e converg?ncias geram, dentro de um equil?brio de for?as marcado por planos de identidade/alteridade distintos, um ambiente estrutural inst?vel. Dividi a tese em duas partes. Na primeira, problematizo e descrevo, a partir das suas respectivas publica??es cient?ficas, encontros e desencontros interpretativos protagonizados pelos autores. A segunda parte traz dois cap?tulos. No primeiro, trabalhei com fragmentos de diferentes trajet?rias sociais e experi?ncias de vida relatadas por 33 pesquisadores que tive a oportunidade de entrevistar, o que permitiu visualizar um quadro extremamente heterog?neo quanto ?s trilhas por eles percorridas. No ?ltimo cap?tulo apresento suas observa??es, reflex?es, avalia??es e cr?ticas sobre alguns aspectos relacionados ?s pol?ticas direcionadas ?s popula??es locais e ?reas protegidas. Ao final, al?m de apontar um inconveniente ?tico vinculado ? abordagem do estudo que realizei, reconecto alguns aspectos discutidos ao longo da tese com vistas a indicar o car?ter problem?tico que h? por tr?s da cristaliza??o de controv?rsias cient?ficas fortemente politizadas.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-17T14:00:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Josaphar Silva Valen?a.pdf: 4116325 bytes, checksum: 9927ecf51181d089b09309a5cdb2d8da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:00:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Josaphar Silva Valen?a.pdf: 4116325 bytes, checksum: 9927ecf51181d089b09309a5cdb2d8da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work is the result of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the problems encountered in the teaching of plane figures in young and adult education and, even as a present activity in day-to-day lives, it is still a problem. This theme was chosen because of the student?s desires to learn that content, enabling to search where is the origin of the various difficulties encountered by them in calculating areas of plane figures and to get applied in their daily lives. The choice of this teaching modality comes from the challenge of how to work this content with a very heterogeneous group, both in age and in the motivation that led them to attend the classrooms of young and adult education. This fact causes a significant change in the methodology used by the professor in relation to the same applied in regular education. To understand all this process it is necessary to know a little of young and adult education in Brazil, its normative aspects and the historical importance of knowing how to calculate areas of flat figures. Through a questionnaire, we identified the young and adult education professor's profile, how this type of education is administered by the government and how professionals deal with such different student profiles. With this information, together with the analyzes of the questions answered by the students, we conclude that the difficulty of assigning correctly the units of area and length measurements is due to the difficulty of the student to relate the mathematical content learned in school to their daily lives. In some of the issues applied to students we had to allow the use of the calculator due to the difficulty that students have to perform at least one of the four arithmetic operations / Esse trabalho ? o resultado de uma an?lise qualitativa e quantitativa sobre os problemas encontrados no ensino de ?rea de figuras planas na EJA e que, mesmo sendo uma atividade presente no dia-a-dia deles, ainda ? um problema. Esse tema foi escolhido devido aos anseios dos alunos em aprender esse conte?do, possibilitando assim, pesquisar onde est? a origem das diversas dificuldades encontradas por eles em calcular ?reas de figuras planas e conseguirem aplicar em seus cotidianos. A escolha dessa modalidade de ensino surge do desafio de como trabalhar esse conte?do com um grupo muito heterog?neo, tanto na faixa et?ria quanto na motiva??o que os levaram a frequentar as salas de aula da EJA. Este fato provoca uma mudan?a significativa na metodologia aplicada pelo professor em rela??o ? mesma metodologia aplicada no ensino regular. Para entender todo esse processo faz-se necess?rio conhecer um pouco da EJA no Brasil, seus aspectos normativos e a import?ncia hist?rica de saber calcular ?reas de figuras planas. Por meio de um question?rio, identificamos o perfil do professor da EJA, como essa modalidade de ensino ? administrada pelo poder p?blico e como os profissionais lidam com perfis t?o diferentes de alunos. De posse dessas informa??es, somadas as an?lises das quest?es respondidas pelos alunos, conclu?mos que a dificuldade de atribuir de forma correta as unidades de medidas de ?rea e de comprimento devem-se ? dificuldade do aluno em relacionar o conte?do matem?tico aprendido na escola ao seu cotidiano. Em algumas das quest?es aplicadas aos alunos tivemos que permitir o uso da calculadora devido ? dificuldade que os alunos possuem em realizar pelo menos uma das quatro opera??es da aritm?tica.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-13T11:21:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRE_XAVIER_PADILHA_FAVORETO_DIS.pdf: 4813223 bytes, checksum: 0ef272778a4eecc19798203feb8449ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-13T16:37:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRE_XAVIER_PADILHA_FAVORETO_DIS.pdf: 4813223 bytes, checksum: 0ef272778a4eecc19798203feb8449ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-13T17:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRE_XAVIER_PADILHA_FAVORETO_DIS.pdf: 4813223 bytes, checksum: 0ef272778a4eecc19798203feb8449ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This retrospective study aims to evaluate the morphological changes produced after and surgically assisted maxillary rapid expansion (ERMAC). A three-dimensional evaluation was performed with CBT and scanning of the intraoral and gingival models at the preoperative (T0) and postoperative (T1 and T2) moments in order to evaluate linear and angular movements with bone and dental changes underlying. The possible morphological alterations of the related structures were evaluated: nasopharynx volume, oropharynx volume in relation to ERMAC. The sample consisted of 15 individuals (8 males and 7 females aged 19 to 54 years) submitted to MRS. In general, ERMAC produced a significant increase in all linear distances of the maxilla. There was a greater expansion of the maxilla in the anterior region than in the posterior one. The ERMAC produced a significant increase of the skeletal dimensions of the maxilla in the transversal direction. In the airways, there was a significant increase in all patients and the greatest effects of ERMAC occurred at the dental level, with the buccal inclination of the first molars and the upper premolars being observed. / Objetiva-se com este estudo retrospectivo avaliar as altera??es morfol?gicas produzidas ap?s e expans?o r?pida maxilar assistida cirurgicamente (ERMAC). Realizou-se uma avalia??o tridimensional com TCCB e escaneamento dos modelos de gesso e dos dentes intraoral no momento pr?-operat?rio (T0) e p?s-operat?rio (T1 e T2) a fim de avaliar os movimentos lineares e angulares com as altera??es ?sseas e dent?rias subjacentes. Avaliou - se as poss?veis altera??es morfol?gicas das estruturas correlatas: volume da nasofaringe, volume da orofaringe com rela??o a ERMAC. A amostra constituiu-se de 15 indiv?duos (8 homens e 7 mulheres com idades entre 19 e 54 anos) submetidos a ERMAC. De modo geral, a ERMAC produziu aumento significativo de todas as dist?ncias lineares da maxila. Houve maior expans?o da maxila na regi?o anterior do que na posterior. A ERMAC produziu aumento significativo das dimens?es esquel?ticas da maxila no sentido transversal. Nas vias a?reas houve aumento significativo em todos os pacientes e os maiores efeitos da ERMAC ocorreram no n?vel dent?rio, sendo observada a inclina??o vestibular dos primeiros molares e nos pr?-molares superiores.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NatalHC.pdf: 2764921 bytes, checksum: 846252ab05f6de9b65d1cf7bbe1aba09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-04 / In this work we propose a technique that uses uncontrolled small format aerial images, or SFAI, and stereohotogrammetry techniques to construct georeferenced mosaics. Images are obtained using a simple digital camera coupled with a radio controlled (RC) helicopter. Techniques for removing common distortions are applied and the relative orientation of the models are recovered using projective geometry. Ground truth points are used to get absolute orientation, plus a definition of scale and a coordinate system which relates image measures to the ground. The mosaic is read into a GIS system, providing useful information to different types of users, such as researchers, governmental agencies, employees, fishermen and tourism enterprises. Results are reported, illustrating the applicability of the system. The main contribution is the generation of georeferenced mosaics using SFAIs, which have not yet broadly explored in cartography projects. The proposed architecture presents a viable and much less expensive solution, when compared to systems using controlled pictures / No presente trabalho, descrevemos uma metodologia para a constru??o de mosaicos georreferenciados a partir de imagens a?reas de pequeno formato, ou SFAI, consideradas n?o controladas. T?cnicas de Est?reo-Fotogrametria e de Vis?o Computacional s?o aplicadas para auxiliarem em resultados de qualidade e confiabilidade. As imagens s?o obtidas atrav?s de uma c?mera digital comum acoplada a um helic?ptero aeromodelo. T?cnicas para eliminar distor??es comuns s?o aplicadas e a orienta??o relativa dos modelos ? realizada baseada na geometria projetiva. Pontos reais do terreno s?o usados para executar a orienta??o absoluta, al?m de uma defini??o de escala e de um sistema de coordenadas que relaciona a imagem medida no terreno. O mosaico ser? manipulado em um SIG, fornecendo informa??o ?til a diferentes tipos de usu?rios, tais como pesquisadores, institui??es governamentais, pescadores e empresas de turismo. Resultados s?o gerados, ilustrando a aplicabilidade do sistema. A principal contribui??o ? a gera??o de mosaicos georreferenciados usando imagens a?reas de pequeno formato, o que tem sido pouqu?ssimo explorado em projetos de cartografia. A arquitetura proposta apresenta uma solu??o vi?vel e bem barata quando comparada com sistemas que utilizam imagens controladas

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T19:39:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-22T23:29:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T23:29:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FredSizenandoRossiterPinheiro_TESE.pdf: 2936282 bytes, checksum: e043d67f2ec70c4303eadd2ce8383354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / O surgimento da Telefonia Celular, a partir dos anos 1990, e a constru??o fren?tica de torres nas cidades assustou a popula??o, levou a comunidade cient?fica mundial e os ?rg?os de controle ambiental a dar maior aten??o ?s ondas eletromagn?ticas n?o ionizantes. Um estado pobre como o Rio Grande do Norte evoluiu a quantidade de celulares em opera??o de 340 mil no ano 2002 para 4,6 milh?es em 2014. No RN a quantidade de linhas celulares supera a pr?pria popula??o, com uma densidade de 128,98 acessos para cada 100 habitantes. Natal, a capital do RN, com 850 mil habitantes, j? possui 882 Esta??es R?dio Base dos Sistemas celulares em 167,26 km2 de ?rea urbana. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? fazer um diagn?stico sobre a exposi??o ? radia??o eletromagn?tica n?o ionizante em toda ?rea urbana da Cidade. A metodologia usada levou em conta medi??es de intensidade das radia??es feitas em 160 diferentes pontos da cidade. As medi??es foram feitas na faixa de 88MHz a 2.400 MHz. Os servi?os de telecomunica??es avaliados na pesquisa foram: TV (Broadcasting), R?dio FM (Broadcasting), Sistemas Celulares e WLAN (IEEE 802.11bg).Foram considerados para compara??o os limites de exposi??o do ICNIRP (InternationalCommission on Non IonizationProtection), par?metros: ?Intensidade de Campo El?trico? e ?Raz?o de Exposi??o? (ER). Resultados: de acordo com as medi??es realizadas, 48.48 % da exposi??o eletromagn?tica outdoor na cidade do Natal decorre da radia??o emitida pelos transmissores de TV. Da mesma forma, constatou-se que, em 77,2 % dos pontos pesquisados, a intensidade do campo el?trico gerada pelas TVs supera todos os demais servi?os de telecomunica??es, inclusive a Telefonia Celular. A Taxa de Exposi??o (ER) m?dia de Radia??o N?o Ionizante verificada para a faixa de frequ?ncia pesquisada foi de 4,43. 10 -3, enquanto o valor m?ximo foi de 7,67. 10-2. Foi desenvolvido modelo para estimativa do Campo El?trico gerado pelos transmissores das TVs em qualquer ponto da cidade. Utilizouse a T?cnica Estat?stica de Regress?o Multivariada, a partir das 160 amostras. As equa??es finais obtidas permitem as estimativas com grau de precis?o R2 superior a 0,9, p<0,1. Constatou-se que o expoente de atenua??o para propaga??o de RF na cidade varia entre 2,8 e 3,8. A exposi??o eletromagn?tica ? RNI em ambientes outdoor em Natal est? em n?veis abaixo dos limites de seguran?a definidos pelo ICNIRP e ANATEL. Os servi?os que mais contribuem para RNI em Natal s?o: 1-TV, 2-Sistema Celular e 3-R?dios FMs. / The electromagnetic waves used in the telecommunication systems until the 1980?s were considered by the governments environmental control organs as apparently ?clean? forms of energy, whose effects weren?t considered any harmful to people?s health. The development of the mobile cellular telecommunication, beginning in the 1990?s, and the frenetic construction of antennas in the cities? urban areas scared the population in general and turned the attention of the world?s scientific community to the theme. In a poor Brazilian State, such as Rio Grande do Norte ? RN (GDP:R$ 51,4 billion in 2013) , the amount of cellular phones in operation went from 340.000 in 2002 to 4.6 million phones in 2014. In RN the number of cellular lines overcomes its own population, with a density of 128.98 accesses for each 100 inhabitants. Natal, the capital city of the State, with 850.000 inhabitants, already has 885 radio base stations of the cellular systems in 167.26 km? of urban area. The data is from ANATEL (august 2015). The objective of this work is to make a diagnosis about the actual situation of the emission of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in all urban area of the city of Natal. The methodology used took into account measurements of the intensity of the radiation taken in 160 different sites throughout the city. This radiation was measured in the range of 88MHz to 2.400 MHz. The collected data was compared to the limits of exposure of the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non Ionization Protection). The ICNIRP parameters used as reference were: ?intensity of electric field? and ?exposure ratio?. The telecommunication services researched were: TV broadcasting, FM radio broadcasting, cellular systems and WLAN (IEE 802.11bg). The obtained results allowed the drawing of a map comparing the data between the measured values and the limits of exposure to RNI defined by ICNIRP and ANATEL. The evaluation criteria used was the parameters Intensity of Electric Field and Exposure Ratio (ER). Results: according to the measurements taken, 48.48% of the outdoor electromagnetic exposure in the municipality of Natal are originated from TV transmitters. Similarly, in 77.2% of the researched locations, the intensity of the electric field originated from TVs overcomes all the rest of the wireless telecommunication services, including the cellular system. Based on the information that the radiation emitted by the TV transmitters is the most relevant in the city, a model to estimate the intensity of the electric field resulting from this service in any point in town was developed. This model was developed based on multivariate regression techniques. The final equations obtained allowed the estimative of the electric field with a level of precision R2> 0,9 and p<0,1. It was found that the exponent RF propagation attenuation in Natal varies between 2.6 and 2.8.The average Exposure Rate (ER) to NIR observed in the researched frequency rate was of 4.43.10-3, while the maximum value was of 7.67. 10- Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated that the levels of electromagnetic exposure to NIR in outdoor environments in the city of Natal are lower than the security limits set by ICNIRP and ANATEL. The services that contribute most to NIR in Natal are 1-TV, 2- Cellular System and 3-FM Radios.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaMSR_TESE.pdf: 15407461 bytes, checksum: 9724571238317c177c2fdb4b02772cad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Activities that have fuel subterranean storage system are considered potentially polluting fuels by CONAMA Resolution 273, due to the possibility of leak, outpouring and overflow of fuel into the ground. Being even more worrying when contaminate groundwater for public supply, as the case of Natal City. For this reason, the Public Ministry/RN, in partnership with UFRN, developed the project environmental suitability of Gas stations in Natal, of which 36% showed evidence of contamination. This paper describes the four stages of the management of contaminated areas: preliminary assessment of environmental liabilities, detailed confirmatory investigation of the contamination, risk analysis to human health (RBCA), as well as the remediation plan of degraded areas. Therefore it is presented a case study. For the area investigated has been proposed a mathematical method to estimate the volume of LNAPL by a free CAD software (ScketchUp) and compare it with the partition method for grid area. Were also performed 3D graphics designs of feathers contamination. Research results showed that passive benzene contamination in groundwater was 2791.77 ?g/L, when the maximum allowed by CONAMA Resolution 420 is 5 ?g/L which is the potability standards. The individual and cumulative risks were calculated from 4.4 x10-3, both above the limits of 1.0 x10-5 or by RBCA 1.0 x10-6 by the Public Ministry/RN. Corrective action points that remediation of dissolved phase benzene is expected to reach a concentration of 25 ?g/L, based on carcinogenic risk for ingestion of groundwater by residents residential, diverging legislation. According to the proposed model, the volume of LNAPL using the ScketchUp was 17.59 m3, while by the grid partitioning method was 14.02 m3. Because of the low recovery, the expected removal of LNAPL is 11 years, if the multiphase extraction system installed in the enterprise is not optimized / Atividades que possuem sistema de armazenamento subterr?neo de combust?veis s?o consideradas potencialmente poluidoras pela Resolu??o CONAMA 273/2000, devido ? possibilidade de vazamento, derramamento e transbordamento de combust?veis para o solo. Sendo ainda mais preocupante quando contaminam ?guas subterr?neas destinadas ao abastecimento p?blico, como o caso de Natal. Por este motivo, o Minist?rio P?blico/RN, em parceria com a UFRN, desenvolveu o projeto de adequa??o ambiental dos postos revendedores de combust?veis em Natal, dos quais 36% apresentaram ind?cios de contamina??o. Este trabalho descreve as quatro etapas do gerenciamento de ?reas contaminadas: avalia??o preliminar do passivo ambiental, investiga??o confirmat?ria detalhada da contamina??o, an?lise de risco a sa?de humana (RBCA), bem como o plano de remedia??o das ?reas degradadas. E apresenta um estudo de caso. Para a ?rea investigada ? proposto um m?todo matem?tico para estimar o volume de fase livre auxiliado por um software CAD livre (ScketchUp), este foi comparado com o m?todo de parti??o da ?rea por grid. Tamb?m s?o realizados os designs gr?ficos 3D das plumas de contamina??o. Os resultados da investiga??o de passivo mostraram que a contamina??o por benzeno na ?gua subterr?nea foi 2791,77 ?g/L, quando o m?ximo permitido pela Resolu??o CONAMA 420/2009 ? de 5 ?g/L que ? o padr?o de potabilidade. Os riscos individual e cumulativo calculados foram de 4,4x10-3, ambos acima dos limites aceit?veis pelo RBCA de 1,0x10-5 ou pelo Minist?rio P?blico/RN de 1,0x10-6. A a??o corretiva aponta que a remedia??o da fase dissolvida de benzeno dever? atingir uma concentra??o de 25 ?g/L, com base no risco carcinog?nico, para ingest?o de ?gua subterr?nea para moradores residenciais, divergindo da legisla??o. De acordo com o modelo proposto, o volume de fase livre utilizando o ScketchUp foi de ? de 17,59 m3, enquanto o m?todo de parti??o por grid foi de 14,02 m3. Devido ? baixa recupera??o, a previs?o de remo??o da fase livre ? de 11 anos, caso o sistema de extra??o multif?sica instalado no empreendimento n?o seja otimizado / 2020-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Cosenza de Almeida Franco.pdf: 18932279 bytes, checksum: 4fefff2bba5f0f86bb6d112ccaaa7bf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / This dissertation has as the main objective identify the people s perception and appropriation in relation with the urban rivers. The object of this study is the Jacar? brook, which is born and flows into the city named Itatiba (SP). With the help of a schedule and pre established standards, interviews were done with different segments of society organized civil society (ONG JAPPA), the municipal public power (mayor), regional water administration institutions (Committee and Consortium of basins), and common citizens which are familiar with the river. Our interviews interpretations allowed us identify the people s collective feelings about the Jacar? brook in the material area (landscape and environment) such as in the symbolic area (sentimental and affective). The definition of an urban river and its characteristic aspects also appear in this work. It aims to evince the relation between the river (water and river bank) and the population in front of the changes since the first quarter of the twenty century. The space that before was designated to leisure and social conviviality became a space hardly used and an urban level almost zero. What was possible to realize with the theorist base and with the interviews is that the complexities of the morphological dynamic of the cities environment reflect in the changes of the society values that used to be in these spaces. The clean river and the accesses to its bank propitiated activities that today are not possible, not only because of the conviviality space and social meeting, but also because the bad quality of these spaces (water and river banks). This study intended to understand the complexity of the relations in the water and urban environment areas, which embraces aspects of accesses, appropriation and a great faculty in the subjective area. Realize these relations, identify in people the feeling of belonging to a natural good and the values change that occurred contribute to a better understanding about the present scenery that embrace Jacar? brook and the futures perspectives of this relation. / Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo principal identificar a percep??o e a apropria??o das pessoas em rela??o aos rios urbanos. O objeto desse estudo foi o ribeir?o Jacar?, que nasce e des?gua na cidade de Itatiba (SP). Com o aux?lio de um roteiro e de crit?rios pr? estabelecidos, foram realizadas entrevistas com os diferentes segmentos da sociedade sociedade civil organizada (ONG JAPPA), poder p?blico municipal (prefeito), ?rg?os gestores da ?gua em ?mbito regional (Comit? e Cons?rcio de bacias), e, cidad?os comuns que se familiarizam com o rio. A nossa interpreta??o das entrevistas permitiu identificar os sentimentos coletivos das pessoas em rela??o ao ribeir?o Jacar?, tanto no campo f?sico (paisag?stico e ambiental) como no campo simb?lico (sentimental e afetivo). A defini??o de um rio urbano e seus aspectos caracter?sticos tamb?m aparece nesse trabalho. Procurou-se evidenciar a rela??o entre rio (?gua e margem) e a popula??o diante das mudan?as ocorridas a partir do primeiro quarto do s?culo XX. Observouse que um espa?o que antes se designava para o lazer e conv?vio social se transformou em um espa?o pouco utilizado e com um grau de urbanidade quase nulo. O que se p?de perceber com o embasamento te?rico e com as entrevistas ? que as complexidades da din?mica morfol?gica do ambiente das cidades refletem nas mudan?as de valores da sociedade que usufru?a e convivia nesses espa?os. O rio limpo e com disponibilidade de acesso ?s suas margens propiciava atividades que hoje se tornam invi?veis, n?o s? pelo pouco espa?o para o conv?vio e encontro social, mas tamb?m pela m? qualidade desses espa?os (tanto das ?guas quanto das margens). Esse estudo procurou compreender a complexidade das rela??es existentes no ?mbito da ?gua no meio urbano, o que envolve aspectos de acessibilidade, apropria??o e uma grande faculdade no campo subjetivo. Perceber essas rela??es, identificar nas pessoas o sentimento de pertencimento de um bem natural e a mudan?a de valores que ocorreram contribuem para uma melhor compreens?o sobre o cen?rio atual da intera??o do ribeir?o Jacar? na cidade e as perspectivas futuras dessa rela??o.