Reason is an important focus-word in Abduh's world view and has a great influence on his theologioal system and views.

Relying mainly on R. B. Pippin’s and D. Moggach’s interpretative works on Kant and Hegel, the thesis tackles the problem of the reception of Kant by Hegel. It does so by looking into the impact of Kant’s first critique on the Preface, the Introduction and the first part of the section Self-consciousness of the Phenomenology of Spirit. Three Kantian conditions for there to be freedom are identified and shown to be reinterpreted by Hegel in a continuist perspective. These three conditions are spontaneity, reflectivity and negativity which propels and retains the free Kantian subject in the Hegelian becoming of reality.

The main concern of the thesis is the problem of reconciliation of freedom and natural causality and to investigate how Kant makes a room for freedom. Kant, firstly, in &ldquo / Analytic&rdquo / , constitutes the conditions of knowledge upon which the objective validity of the law of causality entirely rests. This process of constitution also determines the limits of experience. On the other hand, Kant, in &ldquo / Dialectic&rdquo / , postulates freedom as a noumenal cause together with the law of causality. Transcendental freedom, in this case, is a problematic concept which transcends the limits of experience, as it seems to destruct the unity of experience. However, Kant gives up neither the law of causality nor the idea of freedom, but rather he insists upon the idea that they can exist together without contradiction by asserting the distinction between phenomena and noumena as different grounds on which these two different types of causalities rest. According to Kant both are indispensable, as the former is necessary for the knowledge and the latter is absolutely needed for morality. In this context this thesis aims to explain the objective validity of natural causality which is proved in Second Analogy and the transcendental ground of the idea of freedom which is established in the solution of Third Antinomy in Kant&rsquo / s Critique of Pure Reason. And it is discussed whether Kant&rsquo / s solution of this issue is satisfactory and legitimate or not.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the passions in Cartesian philosophy. It analyses the nature, characteristics and the causes of passions as discussed by Descartes in his correspondence with Princess Elizabeth and his last book The Passions of the Soul (Les passions de l&rsquo / &acirc / me). This thesis purports to explain Descartes&rsquo / ethical view by examining the physical mechanism of the passions and their relation to the soul. The reason, will and their essential roles in Cartesian ethics are discussed.

Syfte: Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka hur och varför högstadieelever kontaktar skolsköterskan. Vidare var syftet att undersöka om det förelåg någon skillnad mellan könen samt årskurser i relation till antal kontakter med skolsköterskan samt antal gånger de sökt för fysiska respektive psykiska orsaker. Metod: Kvantitativ deskriptiv studiedesign via enkäter. 151 elever i årskurs 7-9 tillfrågades om att besvara en enkät, 74 % (n=112) av populationen deltog. Resultat: Majoriteten av eleverna kontaktade skolsköterskan via den öppna mottagningen. 67,9 % hade kontaktat för fysiska orsaker där ”längd och vikt”, ”gjort mig illa” och ”huvudvärk” var vanligast. För psykisk ohälsa var siffran 10,7 % och ”stress” vanligast förekommande. Ingen skillnad mellan könen kunde påvisas i antalet kontakter samt kontakter för fysiska respektive psykiska orsaker. Mellan årskurserna finns det en skillnad gällande i antalet besök (p = 0,02) och antalet besök för fysiska orsaker (p = 0,005), där årskurs 7 är mest frekvent att söka. Majoriteten (64,2%) av deltagarna ville helst kontakta skolsköterskan direkt via den öppna mottagningen. Slutsats: Det är främst via den öppna mottagningen som elever tar och vill kunna komma i kontakt med skolsköterskan. Det finns en skillnad mellan årskurser i antalet besök hos skolsköterskan samt antalet besök för fysiska orsaker. / Aim: The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how and why high school students contacted their school nurse. Furthermore the aim was to examine if there was a difference between genders and grades pertaining to number of contacts with the school nurse and number of contacts because of physical respectively mental reasons. Method: Quantitative descriptive study design using questionnaires. 151 students in grades 7-9 were asked to answer a questionnaire, 74% (n = 112) of the population participated. Results: The majority of the students contacted the school nurse through the nurse’s office. 67.9% had contacted concerning physical health issues which "height and weight", "hurt me" and "headache" was the most common. For mental issues the same number was 10.7 % and “stress” most common. There was no significant difference between genders in relation to number of contacts with the school nurse or physical or mental reasons for contact. However there was a significant difference (p = 0.02) between grades pertaining to relation to number of contacts and to physical reasons for contact (p = 0.005), which grade 7 is most frequently. Most (64.2 %) pupils would like to contact the school nurse through the nurse’s office. Conclusion: The students prefer to have direct contact with the school nurse at the nurse´s office. There is a difference between grades in the number of visits to the school nurse and the number of visits for physical reasons.

[Truncated abstract] Central to the study of general intelligence is Spearman?s g, one definition of which is general fluid reasoning ability. At a cognitive level of explanation, it has recently been hypothesized that individual differences in g is based in the executive functions of the frontal lobes. This theory can be contrasted with the theory that the fount of g is speed of information processing. The aim of this thesis was to test the idea that the two contrasting theories of g could be reconciled by invoking an alternative theory which suggests that there may be two g?s one related to individual differences in intelligence and attributable to differences in speed of information processing and one related to the development of intelligence and based in executive functions of the frontal lobes. This was done with a series of neuropsychological studies that tested groups of adults and children with and without putative central nervous system damage on tests of fluid intelligence, executive function, goal-neglect, and speed of information processing. In study 1, three adults with focal frontal lobe lesions and ten adults with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) were administered three common intelligence tests. In comparison to premorbid and crystallized measures on intelligence, the majority of frontal patients exhibited impaired fluid g. In study 2, 10 patients with FTD, 8 patients with Alzheimer?s disease (AD), 10 adult controls, and 15 adults with low fluid g, were tested on a fast and slow version of a goal-neglect task (thought to measure executive functioning) and a measure of speed of processing. A classical double dissociation was found. Frontal patients with impaired fluid g displayed goal-neglect but intact speed of information processing whereas the adults with low fluid g exhibited slowed speed of information 2 processing but not goal-neglect. It was concluded that the link between fluid g and goal-neglect in adults (demonstrated by previous research) was based on a speed of information processing confound in the goal-neglect task. In study 3, a series of hierarchical regressions were conducted to analyse the performances of 116 children aged 6- to 11-years on all tests. The statistical attempt to dissociate executive function and speed of information processing only provided tentative support for the hypothesis that executive functions are the basis of developmental changes in g

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / "Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, 2002" Bibliography: p. [273]-[280].

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toronto, 2007. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2989.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, 1998. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-124).