Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the phenomenon of obligatory reflexivity in the Bantu language Lomwe-Mihavani (referred to as “Mihavani”). The aim of the study is to develop an analysis of this phenomenon in Mihavani within the broad framework of Minimalist Syntax, and more specifically within the framework of the Nominal Shell Analysis of obligatory reflexivity (NSA) proposed by Oosthuizen (2013). In order to achieve this aim, the study firstly provides a non-formalistic description of the reflexive elements in Mihavani, namely the reflexive marker -ii- and the reflexive pronoun -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”), and also of five of the constructions in which they can occur, namely verbal object, small clause, infinitival, expletive and prepositional object constructions. Based on the subsequent analyses of verbal object constructions and (verbal and nominal) infinitival constructions, it is argued that the core hypotheses of the NSA, which were initially proposed for the West-Germanic language Afrikaans, hold for Mihavani as well. The coreferential relationship between, on the one hand, the reflexive marker -ii- or a reflexive pronoun and, on the other hand, its antecedent is claimed to be the result of phi-feature valuation of the reflexive by its antecedent when this antecedent is merged into the specifier position of an identity focus light noun n, the locus of the reflexive marker -ii-. In contrast to previous analyses of reflexivity, the NSA provides a structural account for the coreferential relationship between a reflexive element and its antecedent, which means that lexical features, such as [±anaphor] and [±pronominal], as well as external binding mechanisms, can be dispensed with. It is furthermore argued that the NSA can also account for the coreferential relationship between the subject and the subject marker and the object and the object marker in Mihavani, due to phi-feature valuation inside a nominal shell. It is claimed that the subject marker heads a theme focus nominal shell and selects an overt or covert subject complement, whereas the object marker heads a presentational focus nominal shell and selects an overt or covert object complement. It is also argued that the NSA can account for the interpretation of infinitival nominal constructions (i) containing the reflexive marker -ii- as “oneself” and (ii) containing both the reflexive maker -ii- and a reflexive pronoun as coreferential with either the subject or object of the matrix clause. Based on the NSA, the internal structure of the Mihavani reflexive pronoun is analysed as an identity focus nominal shell as well, headed by the stem -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”). Such an analysis might provide an explanation for Mihavani obligatorily reflexive constructions, which lack the reflexive marker -ii- but contain a reflexive pronoun. This issue is left as a topic for further investigation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die verskynsel van verpligte refleksiwiteit in die Bantoetaal Lomwe-Mihavami (kortweg, “Mihavami”). Die oogmerk van die studie is om ’n analise van hierdie verskynsel in Mihavami te ontwikkel binne die breë raamwerk van Minimalistiese Sintaksis, en meer spesifiek binne die raamwerk van die Nominale Skulp-analise van verpligte refleksiwiteit (NSA) soos voorgestel deur Oosthuizen (2013). Om hierdie oogmerk te bereik, word daar eerstens ’n nie-formalistiese beskrywing gebied van die refleksiewe elemente in Mihavani, naamlik die refleksiefmerker -ii- en die refleksiewe voornaamwoord -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”), asook van vyf konstruksies waarbinne hulle kan voorkom, naamlik verbale-objekkonstruksies, beknopte-sinkonstruksies, infinitiefkonstruksies, ekspletief-konstruksies en preposisionele-objekkonstruksies. Op basis van die daaropvolgende analises van verbale-objekkonstruksies en (verbale en nominale) infinitiefkonstruksies word daar geargumenteer dat die kernhipoteses van die NSA, wat aanvanklik voorgestel is vir Afrikaans, ’n Wes-Germaanse taal, ook vir Mihavani geld. Daar word aangevoer dat die koreferensiële verhouding tussen, enersyds, die refleksiefmerker -ii- of ’n refleksiewe voornaamwoord en, andersyds, sy antesedent die gevolg is van phi-kenmerkwaardering van die refleksiewe element deur sy antesedent wanneer die antesedent saamgevoeg is in die spesifiseerderposisie van ’n identiteitsfokus-ligte naamwoord n , die lokus van die refleksiefmerker -ii-. In teenstelling met vorige analises van refleksiwiteit, bied die NSA ’n strukturele verklaring van die koreferensiële verhouding tussen ’n refleksiewe element en sy antesedent, wat beteken dat daar geen noodsaak is vir leksikale kenmerke, soos [±anafoor] en [±pronominaal], en eksterne bindingsmeganismes nie. Daar word verder geargumenteer dat die NSA, op grond van phi-kenmerkwaardering binne ’n nominale skulp, ook ’n verklaring kan bied vir die koreferensiële verhouding tussen die subjek en die subjekmerker en die objek en die objekmerker in Mihavani. Daar word aangevoer dat die subjekmerker die hoof van ’n temafokus nominale skulp vorm en ’n overte of koverte subjekkomplement selekteer; die objekmerker, daarenteen, vorm die hoof van ‘n presentasiefokus nominale skulp en selekteer ’n overte of koverte objekkomplement. Daar word ook geargumenteer dat die NSA ’n verklaring kan bied vir die interpretasie van infinitiewe nominale konstruksies wat (i) die refleksiefmerker -ii- bevat met die betekenis “jouself, sigself” en (ii) sowel die refleksiefmerker -ii- en ’n refleksiewe voornaamwoord bevat waar beide koreferensieel is aan óf die subjek óf die objek van die matrikssin. Op basis van die NSA, word die interne struktuur van die refleksiewe voornaamwoord in Mihavani ook geanaliseer as ’n nominale skulp, een met die stam -eekha-/-eekhi- (“self”) as hoof. So ’n analise sou ’n verklaring kon bied vir verplig-refleksiewe konstruksies in Mihavani waarin die refleksiefmerker -ii- ontbreek maar waarin ’n refleksiewe voornaamwoord wel voorkom. Hierdie kwessie word gelaat as ’n onderwerp vir verdere ondersoek.

Previous research concludes that multinational enterprises can gain operational space in foreign institutions by utilising their foreignness. This conclusion is made with an assumption that subunits act with intentionality and insight in their response to institutional demands. To investigate this assumption, we research whether individual MNE managers are reflexive and if they utilise their foreignness deliberately. It was explored by managers individual practical work and social skill, by qualitative interviews with five Swedish MNE managers in the host market Dubai. The analysis revealed that managers are reflexive and form answers to institutional demands in terms of deviation, conformity and mutual adaptation. Mutual adaptation has not been emphasised in previous literature, which makes us conclude that managers utilisation of foreignness is not as superficial as previous research suggest. Finally, our thesis contributes to organisational institutionalism and international business research, by investigating managers practical perspective in the host market Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

This thesis explores the transformation of the mirror's symbolic role in the poetry and visual art of late nineteenth-century Paris. For centuries the mirror has been associated with both truth and artifice, whether in religion, popular culture, art, or theories of aesthetics. In the context of nineteenth-century literature, M.H. Abrams uses the mirror to represent the age-old idea of the artist as an objective reflector of the world, juxtaposing this with the nineteenth-century notion of the artist as a subjective lamp. However, this thesis shows that, far from being abandoned as a symbol of artistic expression, the mirror motif was reclaimed and reinterpreted by Baudelaire and his artistic and poetic successors. The thesis argues that their works highlight the distortions and ambiguities that the mirror can produce, using it as a motif to challenge and alter our mode of vision. This thesis focuses on the visual and poetic culture of Paris between 1850 and 1900, when mirrors were increasingly visible in a range of public and private settings. Building on Walter Benjamin's descriptions of Paris as a city of mirrors and a locus of multiple, shifting gazes, the thesis examines how the perceptual experiences of modernity feed into the development of the mirror's symbolic role. Through a series of close readings, the thesis analyses the dynamics of mirror-vision and explores the shared preoccupations of art and poetry in their treatment of subjectivity, vision, and self-reflexive artistic practices. The thesis is arranged into three sections, examining texts by Charles Baudelaire, Henri de Régnier, Jules Laforgue, Stéphane Mallarmé, and Marie Krysinska, and artworks by Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Berthe Morisot, and Mary Cassatt. The first section assesses Baudelaire's works as a turning point for the mirror's symbolic significance, particularly examining how Baudelaire reinterprets the association between mirrors and femininity. The second section explores this latter connection in the art and poetry of Baudelaire's late nineteenthcentury successors. The third section examines the mirror's appearance in various ambiguous or ill-defined spaces, assessing how this affects the reader's or viewer's perceptions. I conclude that in the art and poetry of this period, the mirror becomes an emblem of self-reflexivity. Through works that prioritise mobility, multiplicity, and fragmentation, these artists and poets subvert the mirror's associations with mimesis in order to expose the dynamic uncertainty of vision and artistic representation.

UK policy-makers, politicians and practitioners over the past few years have based the narrative of competitiveness around the idea of 'rebalancing the economy'. This entails viewing competitiveness as a rational process (through the Porterian lens) and identifies strategies from a top-down perspective. However, there is generally a lack of understanding of how competitiveness is practiced from the bottom-up. Therefore, this study adopts a practice-based perspective to investigate competitiveness from a practitioner's perspective. In this thesis, Bourdieu's habitus and reflexivity is used along with Maclean, Harvey and Chia's notion of life history storytelling through the lens of sensemaking and legitimacy. The thesis employs a constructivist perspective to collect and analyse qualitative evidence from 41 practitioners during the two phases of data collection. The data was analysed using thematic analysis, codes generated and inferences made. In the pilot-study (Delphi-study and semi-structured interviews), senior strategists (20) practicing in local enterprise partnerships (LEP's), universities, regional development agencies, manufacturing associations and various manufacturing firms confirmed the initial assumption that policy is prescriptive and rationalistic. The second phase consisted of semi-structured interviews (21) with senior, middle and lower level practitioners belonging to various types of manufacturing firms and allied services. The main contributions of the thesis are that (1) reflexive practitioner's past experiences shaped existing practices and perceptions of competitiveness and (2) three distinct thresholds of competitiveness inform the position of the practitioner and their desire to be competitive. This has implications for policy and practice.

Dans un contexte de mutations urbaines, d’émergence de dynamiques nouvelles telles que la mondialisation et métropolisation et de multiplication des acteurs intervenant sur les territoires, la question de la cohérence des espaces et des actions qui y sont menées se pose de plus en plus fréquemment. Le projet urbain apparaissant comme l’outil incontournable de la ville contemporaine, cette réflexion pose l’hypothèse selon laquelle la cohérence du projet urbain global réside dans l’articulation des projets relatifs aux différentes échelles constitutives du territoire. Un des objectifs de la recherche est de mesurer l’impact de notre contexte contemporain d'incertitude sur la planification à travers la notion de projet urbain et les modes d’élaboration de projets. La réflexion s’intéresse donc aux outils émergents et à développer qui facilitent l’articulation des échelles et phases de projets, articulation identifiée comme élément indispensable de la cohérence du projet urbain. Cette articulation est identifiée comme cruciale pour atteindre une certaine cohérence urbaine car elle révèle les interactions des interventions opérationnelles les unes sur les autres, et permet d’évaluer leur degré de cohérence avec la planification globale. Cette question revêt un caractère particulier à Saint-Etienne car le territoire cumule les projets relevant d’acteurs multiples. La recherche sous forme de Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche est l'occasion de tester l'élaboration d'un outil de lisibilité et mise en cohérence du projet urbain stéphanois appelé «Atlas du projet urbain» au sein du pôle urbanisme et développement de la ville elle-même et d'un processus de construction partenariale du projet en devenir : "Saint-Etienne horizon 2025". / In a context of urban transformations, emergence of new process such as globalization and "métropolisation" and increase in the number of actors taking place on territories, the question about the consistency of spaces and actions which are led inside, settles there more and more frequently. The urban project appearing as the inescapable tool of the contemporary city, this reflection asserts the hypothesis that the consistency of the global urban project lies in the joint of the projects concerning the various essential scales from the territory.    One of the objectives of the research is to measure the impact of our uncertainty contemporary context on the planning through the urban project notion and the method of projects development. The reflection is thus interested in emerging tools which facilitates the joint of scales and projects steps, joint identified as essential element in the urban project coherence. This joint is crucial to reach some urban coherence because it brings to light the interactions of the operational interventions together, and allows to estimate their coherence degree with the global planning.   This question has a particular character in Saint-Etienne because the territory combines projects coming within several actors. The research in the form of Industrial Agreement of Training by the Research is the opportunity to test the development of a legibility tool and the coherence of the urban project of Saint Etienne called " Atlas of the urban project " within the town planning and development pole of this city which is Saint Etienne.

This research deals with the ways Corporate Social Responsibility is interpreted in a UK Higher Education Institution. It evolved from my initial curiosity about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), especially the way it is taken up in daily practices. Drawing on the pragmatic tradition of John Dewey (1859-1952), Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) and George Herbert Mead (1863-1931), which gives primacy to experience, I am paying attention to my daily interactions with others. I explore what is, rather what should be. I also draw on analogies from complexity sciences, as well as on insights from sociology, psychology, anthropology and philosophy, to reflect on how the everyday practice of CSR is evolving in the interactions of interdependent players. Reflecting on the assumptions that underpin my thinking about organisations and about research, and tracing my evolving beliefs and perceptions, I have become aware of my participation in the processes that sustain and at the same time disrupt the 'community engagement' narrative of my organisation. Iterating my reflective narratives reveals how change in practice and in ideas evolves. This research was prompted by my introduction to CSR early in my academic career. The idea of organisations being responsible to their stakeholders fitted with my personal values. The more I read about the topic, the more uncomfortable I became - CSR had usually been presented in vague, general and idealised terms. So, when faced with setting up a Unit that would address the CSR of my organisation, I was left with no manual for getting on with my work. Reflecting on the feeling of helplessness, revealed my assumption that such guidance should exist, and that CSR practitioners must know how to practice the generalised idea of CSR. Exposing this and other emotions, I demonstrate how assumptions and beliefs arise in society and in the individual simultaneously. This research contributes to knowledge in this field by establishing CSR not just as an abstract idea, but as a practice within an organisation. Many authors have called for exploring CSR at the individual level, yet this call seems to remain unanswered. My research addresses this gap in literature and explores CSR from my perspective as a practitioner, thus contributing to the nascent body of literature that focuses on individual and local practice. Exploring interdependence and the emergence of CSR meant understanding that my actions have consequences, and at the same time, neither I nor any one individually can control those 2 consequences. The outcomes of our working together are at times intended and at times unintended. But they are inevitably unpredictable, because they arise in complex webs of interactions. Thinking reflexively about practising CSR has had a significant impact on my practice. I believe that my reflections will resonate with other practitioners, thus contributing to their practice.

This thesis focuses on the trainee counsellor’s experience of speaking a second language in counselling practice. It is based on a single in-depth case study, examining the author’s experience of practice during her training and in her first post-qualification years. Through a detailed exposition of the practitioner’s countertransference experience in relation to her use of a second language, it identifies three positions, termed ‘Worrying and Stumbling’, ‘Connecting and Attuning’ and ‘Relaxing and Playing’. Detailed practice examples are provided to illustrate each position. Like Klein’s use of the term, positions are conceptualised not as chronological or fixed stages, but as ways of being in relation which can dominate or recede at any time. In contrast to the problem-focused perspective that characterises existing research on second language use in counselling, this thesis provides evidence of the opportunities that arise in the therapeutic relationship when the counsellor is working in a second language, even arguing that second language use can be an asset. As counselling and psychotherapy become increasingly globalised, with counsellors and clients often no longer sharing the same native tongues, this thesis makes a timely contribution to research focused on the counsellor’s experience in this setting. Shedding new light on the experience of trainees working in a second language, it offers insights to counselling educators, researchers, practitioners and trainees.

This research investigated the psychoanalytic idea of containment in the context of NHS staff responses to a person diagnosed with personality disorder. The aim was to identify what, if any, containment was provided by staff for someone diagnosed with personality disorder by recording staff responses to an assessment and analysing the discourse. The research was undertaken with participants selected to represent a cross section of staff in the organisation and included senior and junior, clinical, administrative and managerial staff. The discourse analysis of the interviews examined defences against containment such as splitting, projective identification and idealisation and the positions people occupied in relation to the material and the researcher, as well as looking for examples of containment. Reflexivity was a key part of the methodology, forms a significant part of the thesis and is used to contribute to the discussion. Reflexivity, findings from the review of the literature and the analysis of the interviews form the basis of the discussion and conclusions. The research showed that containment, in its psychoanalytic sense, is often avoided and defended against. Key difficulties with developing the capacity for containment were found to be: conflict between the personal and professional in staff and anxiety in relation to the power of others in the organisation. Suggestions are made for how changes could be made within the organisation and how this could benefit both staff and people who use services. Changing the approach to containment could save costs as some repeat admissions could be avoided and staff satisfaction enhanced. The conclusions from the research make a contribution to clinical practice in NHS settings, to the psychoanalytic theory of containment and to the methodology of psychoanalytic discourse analysis. Recommendations for further research include more psychoanalytic discourse analysis to identify defences in text and research evaluating reflective staff groups.

232f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-11T17:41:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gleide Silvaseg.pdf: 1998408 bytes, checksum: 9f548112824dd87b1e59fb78902cb3e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-11T15:31:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gleide Silvaseg.pdf: 1998408 bytes, checksum: 9f548112824dd87b1e59fb78902cb3e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-11T15:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gleide Silvaseg.pdf: 1998408 bytes, checksum: 9f548112824dd87b1e59fb78902cb3e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Constituindo-se no bojo temático Modernidade, Religião e Identidade o propósito que norteou todo o trabalho dissertativo refere-se à compreensão dos processos e elementos que entram em jogo para a construção de identificações no espiritismo e prováveis reorientações existenciais. Com a finalidade de contemplar tal objetivo foi realizado trabalho de campo durante dois anos e meio em um centro espírita de grande porte na cidade de Salvador, entrevistas e aplicação de quinze questionários gravados com os participantes da instituição. Os resultados da pesquisa estão refletidos na estruturação dissertativa em quatro capítulos. Em dois deles procuro problematizar religião, modernidade e possíveis relações entre ambos; a emergência da Razão e do Sujeito Reflexivo; e a conformação cosmológica e histórica do espiritismo dialogando com outras instâncias sociais modernas. No capítulo intermediário foi abordado a estrutura organizativa e funcionamento do centro espírita levando em consideração seus rituais e práticas; e por último, analisados os processos de identificação contribuidores de redefinições de contextos e sujeitos em dimensões que abrangem reflexividade, corporalidade e performance. / Salvador

In the present study, two children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder were taught to identify reflexive relations across three varying stimuli using procedures outlined in the Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge Equivalence Module (PEAK-E). Two programs from the PEAK-E module were utilized, programs 2B and 3C, both of which incorporated reflexive relations utilizing two differing sensory modalities. Visual relations were directly trained to the participants while the tactile relations were derived and monitored through probes. The same three stimuli were utilized in both PEAK-E programs for each participant; however, those three stimuli varied across participants. All stimuli were retrieved from the participants’ environments and were familiar objects to the participants. The results indicate that only one sense mode, visual, required corrective feedback and praise in order for cross-modal transfer to occur for the second sense mode, tactile. Both participants demonstrated they acquired the reflexive skills for both visual and tactile stimuli. Participant 1 reached mastery criterion for both skills in 36 trials, and participant 2 reached mastery criterion within 20 trials. Limitations and future directions for implication of cross modal transfer are discussed.