The aim of this research is to examine the identities of youth from different cultural background in Malaysia that has been formed through consumption of media. The forces of globalisation reportedly have de-centred the self from the core, leading to multiple, fluid and contradictory identities. Individuals have been displaced from their backgrounds, and have emerged as individuals, in contrast to past collective identities. People are self-reflexive in constructing their sense of self, with the media playing a role in nurturing one s quest for self-identity (Thompson, 1995). This issue is of particular relevance to young Malaysians. Within this locality, young people s lives are deeply embedded in the collectivities of ethnicity, religion and national identity. At the same time, Malaysia has adopted an open economic market. The de-regulation of Malaysia s broadcasting services enables a mass penetration of the global media to influence young Malaysians. This study is interested in examining how these conditions have affected young Malaysians identities through media consumption. While other studies have explored identity through the consumption of the global media by local audiences, such studies have focused on hybridised cultural practices. This study takes into account de-centred identities by examining shifts in values among different ethnicities, as reflected in consumption of global and local television programmes, differentiating this from previous research works. This study draws on Giddens (1990) concept of reflexivity in examining this issue. This study found that the global media plays a significant role in young Malaysians questioning tradition against modernity. They admire life outside Malaysia, and view it as more modern and liberating, compared to the perceived closed life of Malaysian culture. Yet, this does not conclusively show that young Malaysians have completely abandoned local cultures and values. Rather, it shows they can fully adopt values they admire into their lives while continuing to live within the bounds of their parents and community. Young Malaysians have appropriated the various forms of global cultures derived from media consumption as a means of forging their sense of self, which articulates a need to project an individual self rather than emerging from their collectivity. Although religion and ethnicity remain important in their lives, these young people do not see themselves solely restricted by these identity markers alone. Their cultural identity contains characteristics of other global cultures as well. It is an intersection of various forms of identities, negotiated between religion and ethnicity within global youth cultures, diaspora, gender, lifestyles and taste. Young Malaysians can best be described as having in-between identities - global - local subjects borne out of the hybridisation of values from both sources. Ethnic minority Malaysians display two identities, due to their consumption of international programmes. First, overseas Chinese and Tamil television programmes enable youth to hybridise their youth identity into Western-Asian popular youth cultures instead of drawing solely from one or the other. Second, this type of exposure leads young Malaysian-Chinese to have feelings of cultural superiority over the local Malay films and drama.

This thesis has two main objectives. First, it outlines a taxonomy of reflexive development practice, which aims at transcending the divide between modernism and postmodernism in the methodology of development economics. Second, the thesis examines the taxonomy in two countries at opposite ends of the development spectrum, Vanuatu and Singapore, attempting to show that the taxonomy provides insights for policymaking. The taxonomy is the principal contribution. It suggests an examination of external values and norms; an assessment of the importance of local context; a recognition that policies can worsen the problems that they try to solve; and the idea that theory and policy should be revised as circumstances change. The taxonomy is developed as a way of addressing the difficulties encountered by the modernist Washington Consensus on the one hand and postmodernism on the other. Some postmodernists have criticised modernists for trying to make universal statements based on findings specific to a particular time and context. A further criticism is that the modernist-type theorising exemplified by the Washington Consensus assumes too much certainty, putting excessive faith in the ‘expert’ outsider. Postmodernists, on the other hand, have often been criticised for being relativist or even being against theory itself. In extreme versions of postmodernism, the entire rejection of epistemological foundations allows no analysis or significant discussion. The taxonomy aims to steer away from the pitfalls of either tradition, emphasising in particular the unity of theory and practice and the need for analysis and policy advice to take account of both the objectivism of the outsider and the subjectivism of the insider. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part discusses how the open systems approach of critical realism, John Maynard Keynes and the neo-Austrians aims to overcome the difficulties of modernism and postmodernism. It then examines some of the principal uses of the term reflexivity in the past century or so, suggesting that some of these uses are compatible with each other and with the idea of open systems. This section draws on the work of several economic methodologists and sociologists, including Karl Marx, Karl Mannheim, Pierre Bourdieu, Anthony Giddens and thinkers within the sociology of scientific knowledge. Next is a critical discussion of the Washington Consensus and its amended version, followed by the development of the taxonomy. Part two begins with a brief discussion of the nature of comparison within developing economies, before looking at the taxonomy in the context of Vanuatu and Singapore. Following the case-studies is an attempt to draw lessons from the experience of the two countries. Finally, the discussion is summarised and some conclusions established.

Based on four separate studies, this thesis deals with Swedish academia and its dwellers, with an eye toward accounting for matters of languages and linguistic exchanges. The perspectives and thinking-tools of Pierre Bourdieu form the basis of the main leitmotif, albeit extended with insights from linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. Methods employed include historical analysis as well as ethnographic approaches. Study 1 analyzes the historical events and language ideological labor through which English has come to be seen as a sociolinguistic problem in Swedish language planning and policy (LPP). At the focus is the notion of ‘domain loss,’ which is interpreted as a resource in the struggle to safeguard the Swedish language. Study 2 deals with the increasing importance of English in academic publishing in two disciplinary fields of Swedish academia: history and psychology. In history, in particular, English and the transnational publishing markets it bargains currently seem to offer new ways of advancing in the competition of the field, which is encouraged by the will and ensuing managerial techniques of contemporary research policy. Study 3, however, shows that this fact does not entail that Swedish is not being used as a scientific language. In the research practices preceding finalized texts in English, Swedish-speaking researchers in physics and computer science use technical and discipline-specific Swedish both orally and in writing. The principle that upholds the logic of ‘Swedish among Swedish-speakers’ is crucial also with respect to the ability of Swedish researchers to write up scientific texts in Swedish. Exploring the writing practices of a computer scientist and his successful first-time performance of two scientific texts in Swedish, study 4 shows that texts in Swedish can be produced by assembling experiences from previous discursive encounters throughout a researcher’s biographically specific discursive history. In summary, the thesis argues that while English increasingly prevails in publishing, much knowledge previously produced and reproduced on these matters within the field of LPP has tended to overstate the dominance of English, and with that, the sociolinguistic implications of the current state of affairs. The thesis proposes that Bourdieu’s work offers some purchase in attempts to engender in-depth knowledge on the position of English vis-à-vis Swedish in the globalizing markets of Swedish academia, and that epistemic reflexivity, in particular, is a pivotal driver in such an agenda. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p>

Taglit Birthright is an organization that provides free ten-day diaspora-heritage trips to Israel for young Jewish adults between 18 and 26 years old. Taglit is Hebrew for discovery and this is the ambition of the organization: providing young Jewish people with an opportunity to discover their socio-cultural Jewish heritage. Taglit Birthright aims at ensuring the future of the Jewish people by strengthening the Jewish identity via an educational trip and pursues to foster the understanding and identification of the participants with Israel, its people and the culture. Since its foundation in 1999, over 500.000 young people have partaken in a Birthright trip.                                                     This case-study presents empirical data from one particular Taglit Birthright trip to Israel. The objective of this study is to provide insights in how emotions shaped a Taglit group and which emotions are constructed during a ten-day Taglit trip. Theoretically, this study is informed by the work of the post-colonial and feminist scholar Ahmed (2004 and 2013). Emotions are considered as ‘doing things’: collectives, such as a Taglit Birthright group, are constructed through shared emotions. Methodologically, emotional reflexivity will be applied in this research. Related to this positioning, hermeneutic circle informs this research in order to emphasize how temporal distance results in ‘understanding in multiple ways’. Besides, hermeneutic circle embraces reflexivity as it stresses the importance of self-understanding and pre-understanding as informing our understanding. The presented findings are based on participant observation during a Taglit Birthright trip in the summer of 2016. The empirical data consists of audio recordings of group activities, recorded personal reflections and diary entries. Based on this data, the following conclusions are drawn: strong feelings of connectiveness to and with the group derive from an intense ten-day trip in which embodied experiences, embedded in emotions, are shared. Sharing activities, such as circulizing (forming a circle with a large group of people), are tools which provoke strong feelings of ‘being part of something’. On a personal level, it can be argued that expressed emotions, which create feelings of connectiveness within a group, do not necessarily need to be personally felt simultaneously. When personal feelings do not align with the collectively expressed emotions, feelings of ‘not fitting in’ might arise. This study wishes to contribute to the ‘emotionalization of tourism’, which aims at foregrounding the role of emotions in tourism encounters and social relations.

In this thesis we study certain geometric properties of Müntz spa- ces as subspaces of continuous functions. In the first chapter we present some of the most important examples of the Müntz type theorems. Namely, we present the classic Müntz theorem and the Full Müntz theorem in the setting of the space of continuous functions on the interval [0, 1]. We also mention several extensions of these theorems to the case of continuous functions on the general interval [a, b] as well as an analogy of the Full Müntz theorem for the Lp ([0, 1]) spaces. The second chapter is divided into three sections. In the first section we present some definitions and well-known theorems of Choquet theory, which we use to characterize the Choquet boundary of Müntz spa- ces. In the second section we present the result concerning non-reflexivity of Müntz spaces as well as its corollary describing the non-existence of an equiva- lent uniformly convex norm on these spaces. In the third section, we concern ourselves with the question of Müntz spaces having the Radon-Nikodym pro- perty. As a main result of this part we show that a certain type of Müntz spaces doesn't have the Radon-Nikodym property. The final chapter contains a summary of some known results as well as open problems related to the theory of Müntz spaces....

This dissertation argues for the value of the concept of systemic reflexivity in sense making, orientation and action in systemic practice, and in organisational practice in particular. The concept emerges as a theme through the development of two specific strands of published work from 1992 to 2013, that of Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory (CMM) and Appreciative Inquiry (AI). Both lines of inquiry highlight the moral dimension of practitioners’ conceptualisation and practice. Systemic reflexivity alerts us to the opportunities and constraints system participants make for the system in focus, facilitating exploration of a system’s coherence, through a detailed framework for systemic thinking which links patterns of communication to their narratives of influence and narrative consequences. It provides the conditions for enabling individual and collective responsibility for the ways that communication shapes our social worlds. The concept is illustrated in practice through a range of case studies within the published works.

La profession de masseur-kinésithérapeute est située à un tournant de son histoire. Les réformes en cours conduisent à questionner les savoirs enseignés et les compétences des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes pour garantir la sécurité du patient et la qualité des soins. Il a été cherché à connaître l'origine des savoirs en masso-kinésithérapie et à évaluer les dispositifs d'enseignements et d'appropriation de ces savoirs par les étudiants et par les professionnels de santé. Les résultats des études montrent que les écarts aux compétences attendues sont liés aux modalités d'enseignement et d'évaluation utilisées par les formateurs en formation initiale et en formation continue. Il apparait que les modalités pédagogiques utilisées par les formateurs sont souvent basées sur un socle théorique behavioriste, un modèle d'évaluation contrôle et des pratiques dogmatiques qui empêchent l'accès à la pensée et à la pratique « complexe » du soin. La formation n'optimise pas le développement des compétences de réflexivité, d'esprit critique et d'innovation nécessaires à la relation humaine de soin et à la sécurité idéale du patient. Cette thèse montre l'intérêt majeur de réaliser les enseignements en masso-kinésithérapie par des enseignants-chercheurs qui pensent, écrivent, discourent, agissent différemment des formateurs en formation initiale et en formation continue. Il est donc indispensable pour la sécurité du patient et pour la qualité des soins que la formation initiale et la formation continue en masso-kinésithérapie soient réalisées dans le cadre d'une discipline en masso-kinésithérapie sous la responsabilité d'enseignants-chercheurs en masso-kinésithérapie. / The profession of physiotherapist is located at a crossroads. Ongoing reforms lead to questioning the knowledge and skills taught physiotherapists to ensure patient safety and quality of care. It was sought to know the origin of knowledge in physiotherapy devices and evaluate teaching and ownership of such knowledge by students and health professionals. The study results show that the differences are expected to skills related to teaching methods and assessment used by teachers in initial training and continuing education. It appears that the teaching methods used by teachers are often based on a theoretical foundation behaviorist model evaluation and control practices that prevent access dogmatic thinking and practice "complex" care. Training of physiotherapists does not optimize the skills development of reflexivity, critical thinking and innovation needed in the human relationship of care and patient safety ideal. This thesis shows the major interest to carry out physiotherapy lessons by teachers and researchers who think, write, discoursing, act differently trainers in initial training and continuing education. It is therefore essential for patient safety and quality of care that initial training and continuing education in physiotherapy are carried out within the framework of a discipline physiotherapy under the responsibility of teachers researchers in physiotherapy.

Cette étude s'organisera autour d'une perspective générale posant les bases d'une problématique et d'un champ d'application reposant en premier lieu sur les notions de représentation et d'effet de fantastique. Il s'agit donc de rendre compte des particularités textuelles ainsi que de la spécificité du langage mis en oeuvre au sein des textes étudiés, textes catégorisés et classés selon des critères sériels et différenciés. Cette réflexion menée sur l'artifice ou la duperie fantastique conduira ainsi à s'intéresser à la dynamique même de l'écriture fantastique, mode de représentation fondé en premier lieu sur le paradoxe et la dysharmonie, et de ce fait, lieu privilégié d'une crise narrative capable de problématiser la séparation entre mimésis et diégèse. Ainsi envisagé, le récit fantastique devient fiction à propos de la fiction, incluant des éléments autoréférentiels et mettant en scène le processus de l'écriture à l'intérieur même du récit. Le texte, dont le véritable sujet devient alors la représenation littéraire elle-même, peut ainsi être considéré comme le miroir de sa propre écriture, à travers un processus d'autoréflexion spéculaire exhibant les procédés de l'illusion référentielle et leurs enjeux dans l'organisation générale du récit. Ce sont précisément ces procédés et ces enjeux qu'il s'agira ici de mettre au jour et d'étudier. / This thesis is devoted to the study of metafictional techniques and stakes in Fantastic literature. Intertextual references, autorepresentation, aesthetic distance, story within a story, metalepsis : this techniques draw attention to the text's fictionality. On the other hand, we will see how metafictionality can be considered as inherent to the fantastic fiction, understand here as a mode of representation.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à un mode de réflexivité spécifique qui se dessine chez certains artistes contemporains comme Jérôme Bel, Philippe Quesne, Grand Magasin, entre autres. L’interrogation sur le théâtre – sa nature, son fonctionnement, sa nécessité et sa pertinence au sein de la société –, s’accompagne d’un souci de rapprochement avec le public, observable dans la forme des spectacles : effort de clarté, explicitation des règles du jeu, réserves par rapport au savoir-faire théâtral, mélange de références cultivées et de références populaires. Pourquoi ces productions subventionnées, jouissant de prestige et de reconnaissance au sein des institutions publiques, prennent-elles comme objet le dispositif théâtral lui-même ? Et pourquoi le font-elles de cette manière ? Le métathéâtre du début du XXe siècle, qui présentait des thèmes et structures similaires, réagissait au risque d’obsolescence de la scène, de sa faillite économique et plus encore de la perte de sa validité au sein du monde industrialisé. Notre hypothèse est que le métathéâtre contemporain repose sur un rapport ambivalent avec la représentation théâtrale : entre fascination pour son fonctionnement en tant que structure et scepticisme à l’égard de sa puissance référentielle, d’où résulte un jeu pour le jeu qui ne peut pas se permettre de se prendre au sérieux. D’autres ambiguïtés concernent le rapport au patrimoine culturel occidental, le rapport à l’altérité (sociale, esthétique) et l’inscription dans le système institutionnel. Autant de traits que l’on retrouve hors du monde artistique. Parce qu’il nous donne à voir les représentations mentales qu’ont aujourd’hui du théâtre des artistes qui occupent un rôle important dans le paysage théâtral, le métathéâtre nous est apparu comme une forme privilégiée pour cette observation. / This dissertation addresses a specific mode of reflexivity that appears in the work of certain contemporary artists, such as Jérôme Bel, Philippe Quesne and Grand Magasin. The examination of the theatre — its nature, its function, its necessity and its pertinence within society — is accompanied by a particular concern for getting closer to the audience. This is observable in the form of these artists’ performances, expressed in how the performances give attention to clarity, explain the rules of the game, relate hesitations concerning theatrical savoir-faire, and mix learned and popular references. Why do these subsidised productions, largely praised and recognized within public institutions, take the theatrical apparatus itself as their subject? And what is behind their choice of approaches? The metatheatre of the beginning of the 20th century, which presented similar themes and structures, responded to the risks of the obsolescence of the stage, of its economic collapse, and of its loss of legitimacy within the industrialised world. My hypothesis is that the contemporary metatheatre of the 21st century is based on an ambivalent relation to theatrical performance: between fascination for its functioning as a structure and scepticism with regard to its referential power. This results in a play made for its own sake which refuses to allow itself to be taken seriously. Other ambiguities concern the relation to Western cultural heritage, the relation to otherness (social, aesthetic) and the forms of integration within institutional systems -- traits found just as easily outside the artistic world. Because it reveals how artists occupying an important role in the theatrical landscape view theatre itself, this study considers metatheatre a privileged form of observation.

Observando processos de apropriação de tecnologias de comunicação por povos indígenas, essa dissertação apresenta uma etnografia de práticas midiáticas realizadas pelos povos Kaiowa e Guarani, em Mato Grosso do Sul. Seu principal objetivo é pensar a produção de narrativas midiáticas de autoria indígena como uma forma de objetivação de saberes e de reflexividade cultural, capaz de multiplicar ou atualizar relações eficazes entre pessoas e coletivos. Assim, busca descrever as formas como coletivos indígenas escolhem performar a cultura em plataformas midiáticas, tendo em mente que o uso de tecnologias de comunicação por povos indígenas faz aparecer não apenas produtos. Navegando por redes de relações ameríndias, esses produtos e discursos midiáticos adquirem significados específicos em comunicação com humanos e não-humanos. / Observing processes communication technologies appropriation by indigenous peoples, this dissertation brings up an ethnography on media practices conducted by Kaiowa and Guarani peoples in Mato Grosso do Sul. Its main purpose is to present indigenous driven media processes as a form of objectification of knowledge and cultural reflexivity, which is able to multiply or update effective relations between people and collectives. Thus, it attempts to describe the forms chosen by indigenous collectives to perform \"culture\" in media platforms, keeping in mind that the use of communication technologies by indigenous peoples does not produce and show only its products. Navigating through Amerindian relation networks, these products and media discourses acquire specific meanings in communication with human and non human relations.