After the Cold war, the economic and political cooperations between the regions has gradually replaced the relations between individual countries. European Union and ASEAN are the two regional orginazations in Eurasia which interacte and cooperate through these three organizations: Asia-Europe Meeting, ASEAN Regional Forum, and EU-ASEAN Ministerial Meetings. This thesis is based on neo-functionalism to analyze the cooperation between EU and ASEAN, and study the process of the ramification effects on the sectors of natural resources of EU and ASEAN, and the possible ¡§spill-over¡¨ effect to political and security cooperations. The result of this thesis could be provided as the suggessions for the government of Taiwan making decisions on the foreign policy.

Abstract Taiwan is surrounded by an ocean with abundant marine resources. It is a typical island-nation with an excellent geological location. Taiwan¡¦s trade, traffic, and fishing industries rely heavily on the ocean their main natural mediation channel. Thus, the marine policy has always been the government¡¦s main administrative focus. Apart from continuing to protect marine ecological resources and promote the policy of marine environment sustainability, the government of Taiwan also actively promotes marine-related projects related to technological research and development, reuse of resources, and industrial development. Since 2008 and after four signed agreements of cross-strait marine transport, the cross-strait bilateral relation has moved toward a stable development, and the policy of cross-strait exchange has been loosened. This has enabled the maritime transport between Mainland China and Taiwan to increase enormously into large-scale bilateral marine transport. The geological position of the Taiwan Strait- long with the safety of maritime navigation in the area- is now far more important as the number of marine transport, fishing vessels, and shipwrecks has increased rapidly. These have all significantly highlighted the issue of marine search and rescue. Marine search and rescue is a humanitarian act. It is an obligatory duty of those involved in marine search and rescue operations to rescue those facing danger during maritime activities. Therefore, under the principle of highly valuing issues related to both bilateral parties across the Taiwan Strait, this thesis analyzes the procedures and practices of mutual marine search and rescue based on cross-strait marine search and rescue mechanisms. This thesis proposes, a systematic model of cooperation with a precondition of not endangering bilateral sovereignty. The example of the Kinmen and Xiamen areas as the shortest distance between Mainland China and Taiwan is the focus of analysis. The discussion emphasizes how to establish the fastest and most efficient joint search and rescue mechanisms within the shortest distance so that the model can be adopted in other areas of the Taiwan Strait and even beyond to create a safer global marine environment. Key words: marine search and rescue, marine salvage, regional cooperation, joint search and rescue mechanisms, Kinmen, Xiamen

The era of economic globalization drove by information technology, but global governing mechanism is still in progress, so regional and inter-regional cooperation are the most welcomed options to shape inter-state relations at present, inter alia, the inter-regional cooperation of European Union and ASEAN. This Research is based on neo-functionalism to analysis the ramification effects of interactions between European Union and ASEAN through the sector of natural resources, economic, trade, investment. and regional development. With the success on functional cooperation, European Union and ASEAN negotiate on the policies which may push the functional cooperation spill-over to political aspects, namely Comprehensive Partnership.

The economical globalization has led the region economic cooperation development. In 2002 Euro was released, the European integration is being made an epoch . US and Canada, Mexico have set up the North America free trade area in 1994, and it will start the Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations. Under this background, this thesis set out the cooperation between China and ASEAN with the approach New-functionalism. This thesis divides into six chapters to study the cooperation between China and ASEAN cooperate of economic cooperation with the China, the first chapter is an introduction, in the second chapter Neo-functionalism will be explored . In the third chapter, the modernization of China, the evolution of ASEAN and subsquentlly the motive of cooperation from both of them are the major point to be analyzed. Last but certainly not least, whether the Neo-functionalism can be applied to explore the case of the PRC-ASEAN free trade area, will be comprehensively analyzed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-213). / Microfiche. / vii, 213 leaves, bound 29 cm

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This thesis examines Chinese metropolitan planning management system taking lessons from its past as well as current development and involving recommendations for its future improvement. It investigates the historical and current developments in the metropolitan planning management systems and also makes recommendations about how to improve the future systems. It aims to find potential ways which can make the Chinese metropolitan planning management system work well and move the metropolitan planning management to good governance. This thesis also constructs a theoretical framework from the perspective of decentralization, focusing upon the change of relationships between the Chinese government, market and society, to gain an in-depth insight of changes in the development of Chinese planning management system since 1978. It considers a case study approach to analyze the current situation of the metropolitan planning management system. It employs a qualitative research methodology that comprises of questionnaire and interviews with governmental officials, planners and experts, to study the behaviors of different actors involved in the core operations of planning management system, and investigate relationships between the government, market and society in order to examine the fundamental institutional factors producing the problems. In the end, on basis of the global public management paradigm transformation and in view of the overall trend of the governance transition, it makes recommendations regarding an improved metropolitan planning management system in China. It identifies factors influencing the Chinese metropolitan planning management system. It argues that the planning management system changes with the administrative system. The administrative management system reform has become the most direct and fundamental motive for promoting the transition of planning management system. It scrutinizes the problems in metropolitan planning management system. It argues that inadequate modern bureaucracy is the primary characteristic of current planning management systems, which is inducing problems in the metropolitan planning management system. It argues that the focus of Chinese metropolitan planning management system reform is the allocation of power and responsibility among different interest groups. It argues that reform of the metropolitan planning management system needs continuous improvement and has to surpass the bureaucracy moderately. The essence of metropolitan planning management system reform is rationalizing relationships between different levels of governments as well as relationships between the government, market and society. It insists that improved metropolitan planning management system in China needs support from other governance tools.

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Ce travail traite de l’émergence, des conséquences et des résultats de la coopération régionale dans les domaines de la santé publique et de la défense au sein du cadre institutionnel de l’UNASUR. En nous concentrant sur la coopération sectorielle dans deux domaines aussi différents et importants que la santé et la défense, nous avons essayé d’éclairer les mécanismes, les moteurs, les schémas institutionnels ainsi que les résultats du régionalisme sectoriel en Amérique du Sud. En procédant ainsi, ce travail prétend contribuer à l’étude de l’UNASUR et du régionalisme sud-américain, en explorant les logiques endogènes et les dynamiques d’une coopération sectorielle entre les états sud-américains qui ont été considérablement négligées par la littérature sur les particularités régionales. Les chercheurs se sont particulièrement penchés sur l’UNASUR en le considérant soit comme le produit d’une mutation structurelle post-hégémonique et post-libérale mise en place par la zone sud-américaine en réponse à la reconfiguration multipolaire du système international et de l’économie mondiale ou comme une organisation régionale souffrant des limitations institutionnelles caractéristiques de l’intergouvernementalité et s’imbriquant inefficacement avec les autres organisations régionales. Une attention moindre s’est portée sur ce qui se joue réellement au sein des Conseils Sectoriels de l’UNASUR. Nous considérons que pour pouvoir comprendre l’importance de l’UNASUR ainsi que les logiques qui sous-tendent l’évolution du régionalisme sud-américain, il est nécessaire d’en savoir plus sur les raisons pour lesquelles les gouvernements ont mis en place une institution régionale pour poursuivre une coopération dans un espace politique donné, sur les caractéristiques et l’impact d’institutions sectorielles régionales ainsi que sur les conséquences et les effets d’une coopération sectorielle. Ce travail tente de combler un vide dans la littérature sur le régionalisme sud-américain en offrant une analyse - fondée sur de nombreux éléments à la fois empiriques et théoriques – de la manière dont les états sud-américains construisent le régionalisme à l’aide d’une coopération sectorielle intergouvernementale. / This research deals with the emergence, outcomes, and effects of regional cooperation in the fields of public health and defence within the UNASUR institutional framework. By zooming into sector-based cooperation in two diverse, yet equally important policy areas such as health and defence, I try to shed light on the triggers, drivers, institutionalisation patterns, and results of sectoral regionalism in South America. In doing so, the research intends to contribute to the study of UNASUR and South American regionalism, exploring the endogenous logics and dynamics of sector-based cooperation among South American states that have been largely neglected by the area-specific literature. Scholars have predominantly analysed UNASUR either as the result of a structural post-hegemonic and post-liberal shift experienced by the South American region in response to the multipolar reconfiguration of the international system and the world economy or as a regional organisation that suffers from the institutional limitations typical of intergovernmentalism and overlaps ineffectively with other regional organisations. Less attention has been paid to what does actually happen within the UNASUR Sectoral Councils. I posit that in order to grasp the significance of UNASUR and the logics underlying the evolution of South American regionalism, we need to know more about why governments set up a regional institution for pursuing cooperation in a given policy area, what are the characteristics and impact of regional sector-based institutions, and what are the outcomes and effects of sectoral cooperation. This research attempts to fill this gap in the literature on South American regionalism by providing an empirically rich and theoretically grounded analysis of how South American states are constructing regionalism through intergovernmental sectoral cooperation.

Abstract The aim of the study was to deepen understanding of the concept of participant steering and to find out what participant steering is like in practical implementation of the social and health care development project. Participant steering refers to the operation of persons involved in the planning organisation of the development project. Participant steering is a new theoretical concept that has been formed during this research process. A qualitative case study approach was used in this study. The social and health care development project related to the Administrative Experiment of the Kainuu Region was chosen as the object of the study. The material of the study consisted of the following: 1. document material, i.e. minutes from meetings of the planning organisation of the Administrative Experiment of the Kainuu Region (n = 86) from 2003–2004, 2. interviews with deliberately selected participants of the social and health care development project planning groups of the Administrative Experiment of the Kainuu region in 2004 (n = 16) and 3. articles published in 2003–2004 in the newspapers Kainuun Sanomat, Kaleva and Ylä-Kainuu concerning the Administrative Experiment of the Kainuu Region (n = 201). The material was analysed using content analysis and text analysis. According to the results of the study, the constructive elements of participant steering were a confidence-building participant-centred approach, focus on interests emphasising cooperation and goal orientation supporting reform. A confidence-building participant-centred approach meant that participants took an active part in the planning and that they had a primary role in the decision-making process associated with the development project. Focus on interests emphasising cooperation referred to participants' efforts to further their own interests and those of the interest groups they represented and to harmonise the two. Goal orientation supporting reform referred to the importance of the goal and objectives of the development project. A marked juxtaposition could be observed in participant steering: insufficient participation vs. trust, competition vs. cooperation and reform vs. change resistance. Development projects seem to be suitable as means of reforming social and health care operation models and culture, as they enable genuine dialogue and meeting of cultures. According to the present study, the launching of productive cooperation between municipalities is promoted by a long planning phase and a planning framework that enables participation. In this process, the needs and goals of cooperation are approached from regional starting points, listening to all parties involved. The information obtained from this study can be utilised in development project planning, steering and evaluation. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli syventää ymmärrystä osallistujaohjauksen käsitteestä sekä selvittää, minkälaista osallistujaohjaus on sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon kehittämishankkeen käytännössä. Osallistujaohjauksella tarkoitetaan kehittämishankkeen suunnitteluorganisaatioon kuuluvien osallistujien toimintaa. Osallistujaohjaus on uusi teoreettinen käsite, joka muodostettiin tämän tutkimusprosessin aikana. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapana oli laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Tutkimuskohteeksi valittiin Kainuun maakuntakokeiluun liittyvä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon kehittämishanke. Tutkimusaineistoina käytettiin 1. dokumenttiaineistoa eli Kainuun maakuntakokeilun suunnitteluorganisaation kokouspöytäkirjoja (n = 86) vuosilta 2003–2004, 2. Kainuun maakuntakokeilun sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon kehittämishankkeen suunnitteluryhmistä harkinnanvaraisesti valittujen osallistujien haastatteluja vuodelta 2004 (n = 16) ja 3. Kainuun Sanomissa, Kalevassa ja Ylä-Kainuu -sanomalehdissä vuosina 2003–2004 ilmestyneitä Kainuun maakuntakokeilun suunnittelua käsitteleviä sanomalehtiartikkeleita (n = 201). Aineistot analysoitiin sisällönanalyysillä ja tekstianalyysillä. Tutkimustulosten mukaan osallistujaohjaus rakentui luottamusta tuottavasta osallistujalähtöisyydestä, yhteistyötä korostavasta intressipainotteisuudesta ja uudistusta tukevasta tavoitesuuntautuneisuudesta. Luottamusta tuottava osallistujalähtöisyys tarkoitti osallistujien aktiivista osallistumista suunnitteluun ja osallistujien ensisijaisuutta kehittämishankkeen päätöksenteossa. Yhteistyötä korostava intressipainotteisuus tarkoitti osallistujien pyrkimyksiä edistää omia ja edustamiensa sidosryhmien intressejä sekä sovittaa niitä yhteen. Uudistusta tukeva tavoitesuuntautuneisuus tarkoitti kehittämishankkeen päämäärän ja tavoitteiden tärkeyttä. Osallistujaohjauksessa oli nähtävissä voimakas vastakkainasettelu: riittämätön osallisuus versus luottamus, kilpailu versus yhteistyö ja uudistaminen versus muutosvastarinta. Kehittämishankkeet näyttävät soveltuvan sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon toimintamallien ja kulttuurin uudistamisen keinoiksi, koska aito dialogi ja kulttuurien kohtaaminen ovat niissä mahdollisia. Kuntien välisen tuloksekkaan yhteistyön käynnistämistä edistää tämän tutkimuksen mukaan pitkä suunnitteluvaihe ja osallistumisen mahdollistava suunnittelukehikko. Siinä yhteistyön tarpeita ja tavoitteita lähestytään alueen lähtökohdista kaikkia osapuolia kuunnellen. Tutkimuksen tuottamaa tietoa voidaan hyödyntää kehittämishankkeiden suunnittelussa, ohjauksessa ja arvioinnissa. Erityisesti tietoa voidaan soveltaa kehittämishankkeen suunnitteluun osallistumisen edistämisessä ja uudenlaisen yhteistyön muotoutumisen alkuvaiheessa.