This study investigated the effect of implementing high-probability request sequences prior to the delivery of instructions to transition in a child with severe mental retardation. Data were collected on latency to comply with a low-probability request to transition and a modified version of the low-probability request. Implementation of high-probability request sequences resulted in shortened latencies to comply with the modified low-probability request instructing the child to engage in a preferred activity located at the endpoint of the transition.

The transplantation process establishes a three-phase structure namely, procurement, preservation and allocation of human organs and tissue. These three phases are co-dependent upon the successful completion of each individual phase within that structure. This dissertation focus specifically on the first phase of the transplantation process and endeavours to analyse the doctrine of presumed consent as applied in the procurement of human organs and tissue. Thereafter, the focus point is directed upon organ procurement incentives such as the principle of required response and required request that ensure the effective application of these systems should be interconnected with organ procurement systems. Finally, a capita selecta of issues pertaining to the final two stages of the transplantation process are investigated and proposed problem areas are reflected upon. The doctrine of presumed consent as an organ procurement system proposes that individuals who fail to raise an objection in respect of organ donation during their lifetime, will upon death be presumed that they provided consent to the removal of their organs. This system operates in absolute contrast to the doctrine of informed consent as applied in South African law, establishes that an ommissio to act would constitute an implicit statement of informed consent. The application of the doctrine of presumed consent can be classified as either a hard application or a soft application. A strong application declares that upon death a who failed to raise an objection to organ donation will be considered to given consent to organ procurement and any interference by the next-of-kin are disregarded. The weak application functions in a similar way than the hard application, with the exception that the next-of-kin has the right to override the decision. This dissertation analyses whether the element of consent in the doctrine of presumed consent can be classified as a justification ground as the doctrine of informed consent of whether it infringes upon section 12(2)(b) of the South African Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). To establish the true nature of the doctrine of consent, specific reference is made the duty of disclosure that rested upon the health practitioner to inform patients about information about a proposed treatment. Arguments are raised that the nature, scope and accessibility of information about issues relating to organ donation will determine if informed consent is present in the doctrine of presumed consent. The introduction of the doctrine of presumed consent as organ procurement system could provide South Africa with an essential framework to increase organ procurement and awareness about organ donation provided that sufficient information can be accessed in an easy and effective manner. The following concepts are analysed in the dissertation: The doctrine of presumed consent The principle of required response The principle of required request The doctrine of informed consent Organ procurement incentives Routine salvaging Organ procurement systems Organ preservation and safeguarding Organ allocation systems Human Tissue and organs The moment of death / Dissertation (Magister Legum (Public Law))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Public Law / unrestricted

This thesis describes implementation of HR change management processes of company ABB in ERP system SAP. Due to highly specific requirements for applications, standard component Personnel Change Request was not used. Authorized applicants have access to applications via SAP NetWeaver Portal. Approvers decide about approval or rejection of requests in Universal Worklist component of SAP NetWeaver Portal. Requests that require processing in HR Center are processed by employees of HR Center in SAP ERP. Applications that can be accessed via SAP NetWeaver portal were programmed with useage of framework Web Dynpro for ABAP. Processes are controlled by SAP Business Workflow.

Diploma thesis is about creating server application that process and interprets data from the database. Main aim of such application is able to process a large number of database requests in real-time environment. Provided database contains records of measuring download speed and quality of mobile connection via different radio technology from various providers. Those measured data are sent from users all around the world and amount of data collected is still growing. Therefore created server application can adapt to increasing size of database thanks to aggregation. This method of aggregation and use of index in database tables are further discussed in the theoretical part. Mainly putting indexes in tables produce significant acceleration of processing database requests. Final product of this thesis is an application that consist of three components: a server application running aggregation, website that interprets measured data and back-end interface providing measured data as well. Data at the website are presented in form of graphs for different countries and used radio technologies. Web address and user manual for finished applications are provided in the fourth chapter of diploma thesis. In the last part of thesis are performed various speed tests of programmed application that confirm the effectiveness of selected and described methods to accelerate work with the database.

In the highly competitive aerospace industry, engine manufacturers must react very quickly and precisely to any demand emerging from aircraft manufacturers if they want to be positioned on the offer. This is especially true when answering to Requests For Information (RFI) based on preliminary design investigations of first level. In order to reduce the time needed to perform these costly operations while improving the performances achieved, Snecma wishes to develop tools for dimensioning the engine and also for assessing key parameters such as mass, emissions, fuel burn, costs, etc. Unfortunately, the set of tools and the process used at the present time for preliminary design investigations of first level are not sufficient to meet the high standards sought-after by the company in terms of time and performances. As a consequence, efforts must be spent on redefining the whole process and the tools it is based on; here is the mission that has been conferred upon me.   Multiple exchanges with performances engineers and specialists allowed to draw the current process for preliminary design investigations of first level and raise all the associated concerns. At the same time, a status of the existing tools (called modules in this report), mainly developed under Excel, has been realised in order to identify the range of action for today's investigations. A prototype has been developed under SDK Python with the aim of proving the feasibility of a solution to a difficulty that shows up in the process for each new investigation: the one of generating the workflow on the optimisation software Optimus. A target process has finally been discussed considering all the information collected, and would allow dividing by five the time needed to perform investigations compare to now. The prototype developed lead to interesting results and this solution could thus probably be integrated in the target process as it would allow saving one day of work for an engineer for each study to be carried out.   Solutions have been proposed to all the concerns identified in the process and they will have to be discussed with many actors and investigated further in the near future in order to set the target process that will allow meeting the final objective of answering all types of RFIs emitted by aircraft manufacturer in a very short time with a high level of confidence in the results.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第20290号 / 社医博第79号 / 社新制||医||9(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 小池 薫, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 中山 健夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

Tillgång till preventivmedel är betydelsefullt för att kvinnor ska kunna ha ett hälsosamt samliv utan risk för sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar samt oönskade och/eller oplanerade graviditeter. Preventivmedelsanvändningen i Sverige är hög och majoriteten av alla kvinnor anser att preventivmedelsanvändning är viktig. Målet inom hälso- och sjukvården är att göra kvinnan delaktig i vården vilken ska planeras och genomföras i samråd med henne. I dagsläget finns ingen vedertagen mall för hur preventivmedelsrådgivning ska utformas och genomföras vilket innebär att barnmorskor har olika strategier avseende den preventivmedelsrådgivning de ger. Det finns få studier i svensk kontext som undersöker kvinnors perspektiv på preventivmedelsrådgivning. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kvinnors perspektiv på vad som kännetecknar en god preventivmedelsrådgivning. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ intervjustudie med en induktiv ansats. Åtta svenska kvinnor intervjuades individuellt med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Som analysmetod användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studien var en del av ett större forskningsprojekt. I resultatet framkom två kategorier och fem underkategorier. Kvinnorna värdesatte att träffa en barnmorska som hade ett lyhört förhållningssätt och som gjorde dem delaktiga i beslutet om preventivmetod. Kvinnorna ville känna att barnmorskan var engagerad och att barnmorskan i största möjliga utsträckning strävade efter att utforma en individuell rådgivning. Det efterfrågades utökad information om olika metoders för- och nackdelar samt effekter av metoderna i ett långtidsperspektiv. Kvinnorna ville inte känna sig ifrågasatta om de valde en metod som barnmorskan inte förespråkade. Resultatet i föreliggande intervjustudie innebär att det ställs krav på att barnmorskan tar sig tid och engagerar sig i den enskilda kvinnans situation vid preventivmedelsrådgivningen. Nyckelord: Preventivmedelsrådgivning, barnmorska, kvinna, önskemål / Access to contraception is important in order for women to have a healthy sexual life without risk of sexually transmitted diseases and/or unplanned pregnancies. In Sweden, the use of contraceptive devices is high and the majority of all women consider it to be of great importance. The goal within healthcare in Sweden is to make the woman involved in her care which should be planned and carried out in consultation with her. There is no established guidance on how counseling regarding contraceptive devices should be performed which means that midwives have different strategies regarding the contraceptive counseling they provide. There are only a few studies in Swedish context examining women’s perspective on counseling regarding contraceptive devices. The aim of the study was to investigate women’s perspective on what characterizes a good contraceptive counseling. The used method was a qualitative study with an inductive approach. Eight Swedish women were individually interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. As an analytical method qualitative content analysis was used. The study was a part of a bigger research. In the result two categories and five subcategories were found. Women valued to meet a midwife with a responsive attitude that made them involved in the decision making regarding contraceptive method. Women wanted to feel that the midwife was committed and that the midwife endeavored to design individual counseling. Women asked for more information on different methods pros and cons, as well as effects of the methods in a long-term perspective. The women did not want to feel questioned if they chose a method that the midwife did not advocate. The result of the current interview study implies that the midwife takes time and engages in the individual woman's situation during the contraceptive counseling. Keywords: Counseling, contraceptive devices, midwife, woman, request

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Students are human beings; they, like all of us, make mistakes. In the language classroom, these mistakes may be written, spoken, and even thought. How, if, when, under what conditions and to what degree these errors are treated is of current concern in research regarding language acquisition. In their meta-analysis of interactional feedback, Mackey and Goo (2007) report that the utilization of feedback is beneficial and find evidence that feedback within the context of a focus on form environment is also facilitative of acquisition, echoing Norris and Ortega's (2000) positive findings regarding focus on form research. Thus, the role of feedback has found a somewhat limited, very informative and equally persuasive niche in current theory building and research. There is lack of research specifically addressing the role and effects of forms of feedback, other than recasts, namely prompts, in the second language classroom where the focus in on language use as a means of communication rather than the objectification of it. This context employs focus on form, a brief pedagogical intervention that momentarily shifts the focus of the class from meaning to linguistic form (See Long, 1991). Because prompts withhold correct forms (Lyster, 2004; Lyster & Saito, 2010), encourage students to simultaneously notice and self-correct (Lyster & Ranta, 1997), and push modified, student-generated output (de Bot, 1996; Lyster & Izquierdo, 2009; Lyster & Saito, 2010; Swain & Lapkin, 1995), they may be theoretically more appropriate for a focus on form context. This study examines this role in its function and efficacy comparing an implicit prompt, the clarification request, with an explicit prompt, metalinguistic feedback on students' spoken errors in the use of a very complex target structure, the subjunctive in nominal clauses in Spanish. Efficacy of the feedback is measured through successful student uptake, that is, whether or not students are able to self-repair as a result of the intervention and then through development operationalized as mean gains in a pre-test/post-test design. Statistical significance is shown for uptake with metalinguistic feedback only, however no development is shown as a result of any feedback due to the target structure's acquisition complexity.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the Precision Request as a behavior intervention on the compliance behavior of students in a self-contained class for students with emotional-behavioral disorders. The Precision Request is an intervention commonly used by teachers to decrease noncompliance. The study took place in an elementary school behavior unit classroom. The participants included one special education teacher and the eight students in his class. A single subject reversal design was used to track student percentage of compliance, latency to compliance, as well as teacher use of praise and reductive consequences as part of the Precision Request intervention. The results indicated that the Precision Request produced a decrease in noncompliance among the students. However, it did not produce a meaningful change in latency to compliance. The introduction of the Precision Request also resulted in an increase in the teacher's use of praise, but no meaningful change in the use of reductive consequences. More research is needed to establish the active components of the intervention and the generality of the intervention effects.